CVR(T)
1973FV101 Scorpion was the original gun-armed member of the British CVR(T) reconnaissance family, with an aluminium hull, three crew and a short 76 mm gun.
Alvis, Coventry United Kingdom
Light Tank (Wheeled)
1938–40The Tank, Light (Wheeled) Mk I: a Woolwich Arsenal design built by Guy on the Quad-Ant chassis with the engine moved to the rear, and the first British armoured car with an all-welded hull. 101 were built in 1939–40…
Guy Motors Ltd, Fallings Park, Wolverhampton United Kingdom
Armoured Car
1940–455,400 built between 1940 and 1945 by the Rootes Group’s Karrier division: a Guy armoured car body on Karrier’s KT 4 artillery tractor chassis, 6.3 tonnes with 21 mm of armour, a Rootes six of 90 hp, 50 mph and 200…
Land Rover United Kingdom
Pig
1955–93The one-ton armoured truck of the FV1600 series: about 1,700 built, 4.93 m long, 2.04 m wide and 2.12 m high, with a Rolls-Royce B60 six of 120 hp, 40 mph and 250 miles, two crew and six passengers. The Mk 1 weighed…
GKN Sankey, Royal Ordnance Factories United Kingdom
Simba
1993–97A light combat vehicle for export: 4×4 with a transfer box that drops it to 4×2, three crew and eight to ten men, 11.2 to 11.9 tonnes depending on the role, on the turbocharged and intercooled Perkins 210 Ti of 210…
GKN Sankey United Kingdom
Saxon
1976A wheeled personnel carrier on a lorry chassis: 4×4, two crew and ten men, 9,940 kg empty and 11,660 kg combat-loaded, on the Bedford 500 six of 164 hp and later the turbocharged Cummins 6BT of 160 bhp.
GKN Sankey United Kingdom
Other & prototypes
1941–45The Dingo’s bigger parallel: 2,694 built, 7.85 tonnes in battle order, 4 m long, with a 4.1-litre Daimler 27 six of 102 hp, a turret like the Tetrarch light tank’s carrying a 2-pounder and a coaxial Besa, three crew…
The Daimler Company, Coventry United Kingdom
Other & prototypes
1939–45The British Army’s scout car: 6,626 built between 1939 and 1945, 2.8 long tons on a 1.98 m wheelbase, with a rear-mounted 2.5-litre Daimler six of 55 hp, a fluid flywheel and a preselector gearbox giving five speeds…
The Daimler Company, Coventry United Kingdom
Other & prototypes
1952–71The Dingo’s successor and the longest-serving British scout car: 4,409 built between 1952 and 1971 across sixteen sub-models, 3.7 tonnes on a 2.29 m wheelbase, with a 130 hp Rolls-Royce B60 six, H-form drive with a…
The Daimler Company, Coventry United Kingdom
Other & prototypes
1969–91Chevrolet’s answer to the Bronco and Scout: the K5 Blazer of 1969–91 on the K10’s chassis, 104 inches (1969–72) and 106.5 inches (1973–91), with a fully removable top to 1975 and a half-cab top after, the 250 and 292…
Chevrolet (General Motors) United States
Other & prototypes
1966–2002The civilian development of the 967, and the first Soviet vehicle with front-wheel drive: 3,270 mm long, 1,600 mm wide and 1,790 mm high on the same 1,800 mm wheelbase, 1,340 kg, with air-cooled MeMZ V4s of 887 cc…
Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant (UAZ), LuAZ, Lutsk Ukraine, Russia
Other & prototypes
1961–75The smallest and strangest Soviet four-wheel drive: an amphibious front-line transporter built at Lutsk from 1961 to 1975, 3,682 mm long and 1,712 mm wide on a 1,800 mm wheelbase, 950 kg empty and carrying 400 kg…
Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant (UAZ), LuAZ, Lutsk Ukraine, Russia
Other & prototypes
1986–93The Countach's V12 in a four-wheel drive: a 5,167 cc L503 of 2,700 kg kerb weight on a 2,950 mm wheelbase, 4,790 mm long and 2,000 mm wide. 301 were built between 1986 and 1993, which makes it one of the rarest…
Lamborghini, Sant'Agata Bolognese Italy
Other & prototypes
1977–80The first Cournil that can be called a production model, built by the arms maker Gevarm of the Gévelot group at Saint-Germain-Laval in the Loire after it bought the French rights in 1977: wheelbases of 2,040 and…
Gevarm (Groupe Gévelot), Saint-Germain-Laval France
Other & prototypes
1934–41The six-wheeled artillery tractor that came before the Quad, in British service from the early to mid-1930s. The name is a specification: model C, Double axle rear, Six-cylinder engine, Winch.
Morris Commercial Cars, Adderley Park United Kingdom
Other & prototypes
1957–65Willys' cab-over trucks of 1957–65 on CJ running gear: the FC-150 on the CJ-5's 81-inch wheelbase with the Hurricane four, and the FC-170 on 103.5 inches with the 3.7-litre Super Hurricane six; about 30,000 built.
Willys-Overland Motors, Kaiser Jeep Corporation United States
Other & prototypes
1945–49The first civilian Jeep, 1945–49: the MB adapted for farm and utility work with a tailgate, a side-mounted spare, larger headlamps and a power take-off; 80-inch wheelbase, L134 engine, 214,760 built.
Willys-Overland Motors United States
Other & prototypes
1965–71The refined Scout of 1965–71: the 800 with bucket seats and a proper dashboard, the 800A of November 1968 with the 196 four, 232 six and 266 and 304 V8s, and the 800B of 1970–71; the Sportop fastback, the Champagne…
International Harvester United States
Other & prototypes
1977The first mass-produced monocoque off-roader: the VAZ-2121 Niva of 1977, with a unitary body, coil-sprung independent front suspension, permanent four-wheel drive, a lockable centre differential and a two-speed…
AvtoVAZ, Tolyatti Russia
Other & prototypes
1979–83The only small Citroën built with four-wheel drive: the ABS-bodied Méhari on the Ami Super floorpan with the 602 cc flat-twin of 29 hp, a four-speed gearbox with a reduction box, a differential lock, disc brakes all…
Citroën France
VBL
1985–2010Short-body Panhard VBL amphibious reconnaissance scout, represented in French three-colour camouflage with an open machine-gun ring mount.
Panhard, Marolles-en-Hurepoix France
FV600
1958–63The airfield crash tender of the FV600 family: developed in 1956, about 125 built between 1958 and 1963, with firefighting equipment by the Pyrene Company producing 7,500 gallons of foam a minute and a crew of six.
Alvis, Coventry, The Pyrene Company United Kingdom
Munga
1956–68Auto Union DKW Munga four-seat soft top on a 2,000 mm four-wheel-drive chassis.
Auto Union, Ingolstadt Germany
UAZ-469 / 3151 / Hunter
1971–85Military UAZ-469 on portal reduction axles with a canvas tilt.
Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant (UAZ) Russia
UAZ-450 / 452 Bukhanka
1958–65Early UAZ-450A four-wheel-drive ambulance with the separate three-slat grille, rounded cab-over body and patient compartment.
Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant (UAZ) Russia
+4Series I
1948–53The original Land Rover: the 80-inch Series I launched at the Amsterdam Motor Show on 30 April 1948 with a 1.6-litre petrol engine and Birmabright aluminium body, upgraded to 2.0 litres for 1952. Around 82,000…
Land Rover United Kingdom
+4Series I
1956–58The 88-inch Land Rover was the final short-wheelbase form of the original Series I, built by the Rover Company at Solihull from mid-1956 to 1958 with soft top, hard top, pickup and seven-seat station wagon bodies.…
Land Rover United Kingdom
+4Series I
1956–58The 109-inch Land Rover was the long-wheelbase load-carrier of the final Series I generation, built by the Rover Company at Solihull from mid-1956 to 1958 as a pickup, hard top and soft top; the five-door station…
Land Rover United Kingdom
+4Series II
1958–61The short-wheelbase 88-inch Land Rover Series II (1958-1961), the first Land Rover styled by David Bache, whose 'barrel side' waistline covered the new wider track. Offered as a soft top, hard top, truck-cab pickup…
Land Rover United Kingdom
+4Series II
1958–61The long-wheelbase 109-inch Land Rover Series II (1958-1961), David Bache's barrel-sided restyle of the original Land Rover in its load-carrying form. Sold as a soft top, hard top, truck-cab pickup and - new for 1958…
Land Rover United Kingdom
+4Series III
1971–85The short-wheelbase Land Rover Series III, built at Solihull from September 1971 until 1985, paired the classic 88-inch leaf-sprung chassis with an all-synchromesh gearbox, plastic grille and modernised interior. It…
Land Rover United Kingdom
+4Series III
1979–85The Series III Stage 1 V8 (1979-1985) squeezed the Range Rover's detuned 3.5-litre V8 and LT95 permanent four-wheel drive into the leaf-sprung Series III body, making it the only Series Land Rover with constant 4WD…
Land Rover United Kingdom
+3Santana Series (88/109)
1977Spain's licence-built Land Rovers from Metalúrgica de Santa Ana in Linares gained an engine Solihull never offered: Santana's own 3,429 cc six-cylinder diesel, built by adding two cylinders to the 2.25-litre four and…
Santana Motor (Metalúrgica de Santa Ana) Spain
+4Series III
1971–85The long-wheelbase Land Rover Series III carried the 109-inch leaf-sprung chassis from September 1971 until 1985, offered as pickup, hardtop, High Capacity Pick Up and twelve-seat station wagon with four- and…
Land Rover United Kingdom
+4Series III
1979–85The Series III Stage 1 V8 (1979-1985) squeezed the Range Rover's detuned 3.5-litre V8 and LT95 permanent four-wheel drive into the leaf-sprung Series III body, making it the only Series Land Rover with constant 4WD…
Land Rover United Kingdom
+3Santana Series (88/109)
1977Spain's licence-built Land Rovers from Metalúrgica de Santa Ana in Linares gained an engine Solihull never offered: Santana's own 3,429 cc six-cylinder diesel, built by adding two cylinders to the 2.25-litre four and…
Santana Motor (Metalúrgica de Santa Ana) Spain
+4Defender
1984–2016The short-wheelbase member of Land Rover's coil-sprung utility line, launched as the Ninety in 1984 and badged Defender 90 from 1990 until production ended in January 2016 — the last Defender built was a 90 Heritage…
Land Rover United Kingdom
+4Defender
1983–2016The 110-inch-wheelbase core of Land Rover's coil-sprung utility line, launched as the One Ten in 1983 and badged Defender 110 from 1990; built as station wagon, hard top and pickup until production ended in January 2016.
Land Rover United Kingdom
Defender
1985–2016The long-wheelbase chassis-cab and crew-cab workhorse of the Defender line, introduced as the Land Rover 127 in 1985 and badged Defender 130 from 1990 while keeping its 127-inch wheelbase; the standard platform for…
Land Rover United Kingdom
Perentie
1987–92The Australian Army's 'Perentie' 4×4 — a heavily re-engineered Land Rover 110 with a hot-dip galvanised chassis and Isuzu 3.9-litre diesel, built by JRA Limited at Moorebank, NSW. Some 3,023 were delivered from 1987…
JRA Limited (Jaguar Rover Australia) Australia
Perentie
1989–92The 2-tonne 6×6 member of the Australian Army's Perentie family — a turbo-diesel, triple-axle stretch of the galvanised-chassis Land Rover 110 built by JRA Limited at Moorebank, NSW. Around 700 served from 1989 as…
JRA Limited (Jaguar Rover Australia) Australia
Range Rover Classic
1970–96The original luxury 4x4: launched in June 1970 as 'A Car For All Reasons', the two-door Range Rover paired the Rover V8 with long-travel coil springs and permanent four-wheel drive, and stayed in production for 26 years.
Land Rover United Kingdom
Range Rover P38 (P38A)
1994–2001The second-generation Range Rover of 1994-2001, developed as project 38A under Rover Group and launched just after BMW's takeover, with 4.0/4.6 Rover V8 or BMW six-cylinder diesel power and standard electronic air…
Land Rover United Kingdom
Range Rover L322
2001–12The third-generation Range Rover (2001-2012): engineered under BMW to 7 Series standards with a monocoque body and all-independent air suspension, launched under Ford ownership, and finished its run under Tata's…
Land Rover United Kingdom
Discovery 1
1989–98Land Rover's 1989 family 4x4: 'Project Jay' put a stepped-roof seven-seat body and Conran-influenced Sonar Blue interior on Range Rover underpinnings, creating the mid-market Discovery that transformed the company's…
Land Rover United Kingdom
Discovery 3
2004–09The clean-sheet third Discovery of 2004-2009 (LR3 in North America): Ford-era engineering with the hybrid Integrated Body Frame, independent air suspension, up to seven full-size seats and the debut of Terrain Response.
Ford Motor Company United Kingdom, United States
Santana PS-10 / Aníbal
2002–11Short-wheelbase three-door version of the Santana PS-10 — sold in Spain as the Santana Aníbal — the Defender-like utility 4x4 that Santana Motor of Linares developed from its own Land Rover-derived Santana 2500 and…
Santana Motor (Metalúrgica de Santa Ana) Spain
Santana PS-10 / Aníbal
2002–11Long-wheelbase Santana PS-10 — the Santana Aníbal in its home market — built at Linares from 2002 to 2011 as a five-door station wagon and as single- and double-cab pickups on a 2,768 mm (109 in) chassis, and adopted…
Santana Motor (Metalúrgica de Santa Ana) Spain
+1Santana 1300
1967–78Forward-control 1.3-tonne truck that Santana built at Linares from 1967 to 1978 on the 109-inch Land Rover Santana Series IIA chassis, with the cab and running gear pushed as far forward as possible to free up the…
Santana Motor (Metalúrgica de Santa Ana) Spain
Santana 2000 FC
1978–86Enlarged forward-control Santana that replaced the 1300 at the end of the 1970s, carrying two tonnes on a Santana-developed 3.4-litre six-cylinder engine. Sold mainly as a chassis-cab for bodying — tippers, tankers…
Santana Motor (Metalúrgica de Santa Ana) Spain
Snow Trac
1957–81A small cab-over tracked machine on two rubber tracks and a Volkswagen air-cooled flat four: about 40 hp, 36 in the early cars and 54 in the late ones, through a VW Bus transmission with a proprietary variator for…
Aktiv-Fischer, Åmål Sweden
FV600
1952–76The six-wheeled armoured personnel carrier of the FV600 family, built from 1952 to 1976: 11 tonnes, 16 mm of rolled homogeneous armour, a Rolls-Royce B80 Mk 3A or Mk 6A of 160 hp, 72 km/h on the road and 32 across…
Alvis, Coventry United Kingdom
FV600
1958–72The armoured car of the FV600 family: designed in 1954, built from 1958 to 1972, 1,177 of them. 11.6 tonnes, 4.93 m long, up to 32 mm of armour, a Rolls-Royce B80 Mk 6A of 170 hp giving 15.5 hp per tonne, 72 km/h and…
Alvis, Coventry United Kingdom
+1HMMWV
1984The Humvee: the High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle, contracted to AM General on 22 March 1983, in production at Mishawaka from April 1984 and in service from 1985, with the 6.2 and later 6.5 Detroit diesel…
AM General United States
HMMWV
1996The armoured Humvee: the M1114 of 1996 with a factory armoured crew capsule, ballistic glass and a turret, and the Expanded Capacity Vehicles of the 2000s — the M1151 armament carrier, M1152 cargo/shelter and M1165…
AM General United States
+1Hummer H1 and H2
1992–2006The civilian Humvee: launched in 1992 after Arnold Schwarzenegger asked AM General to sell one, with the 6.2 and 6.5 diesels, the 5.7 petrol V8 and, in the 2006 H1 Alpha, the 6.6 Duramax; 130-inch wheelbase, 86.5…
AM General United States
Hummer H1 and H2
2002–09The GM Hummer built by AM General: the H2 of 2002–09 on GM’s 2500-series chassis, assembled at Mishawaka under contract to General Motors, with the 6.0-litre Vortec V8 (325 hp) and from 2008 the 6.2 L92 (393 hp) and…
AM General United States
M939 trucks
1982–87The Army’s five-ton truck of the 1980s: the M939 series built by AM General at South Bend from 1982, a rebuild of the M809 with an automatic gearbox, air brakes and a new cab, in the M923 and M925 cargo, M929 dump…
AM General United States
IMS
1957–59Romania’s first four-wheel drive: the IMS-57 of 1957, built at Câmpulung Muscel from the GAZ-69 under licence — the chassis and the 3,260 cc side-valve engine of the GAZ-67 under a GAZ-69 body — and named for the…
ARO (Uzina Mecanică Muscel), Câmpulung Romania
IMS
1959–63The second Câmpulung vehicle, 1959–63: the IMS-57 with 56 hp and electric wipers. 3,222 were built before the M461 replaced it.
ARO (Uzina Mecanică Muscel), Câmpulung Romania
M461
1964–75The last and much the most numerous of the GAZ-69-derived AROs: the M461 of 1964–75, with a new 2,512 cc four of 70 hp, a 2,330 mm wheelbase and a 3,860 mm body, as a two-door convertible or a pick-up. 80,233 were…
ARO (Uzina Mecanică Muscel), Câmpulung Romania
24 Series
1969–2006ARO’s own design, drawn from the ground up and launched in 1969, mass produced from 1972 and built until 2006: a 2,350 mm-wheelbase ladder-frame four-wheel drive sold as a two- or four-door soft top (240, 241), a…
ARO (Uzina Mecanică Muscel), Câmpulung Romania
24 Series
1980–2006The 24 Series stretched: the 263, 264 and 266 on a 2,600 mm wheelbase, the long-bodied van and station-wagon versions of the 243, 244 and 246.
ARO (Uzina Mecanică Muscel), Câmpulung Romania
10 Series
1980–2006The small ARO: the 10 Series of 1980–2006, built on Dacia 1300 mechanicals and owing something to the Renault Rodeo and the Citroën Méhari, as a two- or four-door wagon, a convertible and a pick-up, in both 4×2 and…
ARO (Uzina Mecanică Muscel), Câmpulung Romania
Sherpa Light
2006A 4×4 tactical vehicle of 7.7 to 9.8 tonnes: a 4.76-litre turbo-diesel four of 265 hp and over 810 N·m through a six-speed automatic and a two-speed transfer case, permanent four-wheel drive, 110 to 120 km/h and 800…
Arquus, Limoges France
VAB
1979France's armoured personnel carrier: 4×4 or 6×6, two crew and ten men, thirteen tonnes in combat order, a Renault MIDS 062045 diesel of 235 kW, 110 km/h on land and 7.92 km/h in the water, which it swims on its…
Arquus, Limoges France
VLRA
1967ACMAT's liaison, reconnaissance and support vehicle, launched in 1967 from the ALM VCOM: a bonneted truck with 2.5 tonnes of payload, 1,600 km of range and a 200-litre drinking-water tank, built in 4×4 and 6×6 form…
ACMAT, Saint-Nazaire France
Bastion
2008An armoured personnel carrier on the VLRA chassis: 12 tonnes, two crew and eight to ten passengers, protection to STANAG 4569 levels 1 to 3, a 180 hp diesel, 110 km/h and 1,400 km of range.
ACMAT, Saint-Nazaire France
AML
1960–87A light armoured car on a 2.5 m wheelbase: 4×4, three crew, 5.5 tonnes, 5.11 m long overall, 1.97 m wide and 2.07 m high, on a 90 hp air-cooled Panhard flat-four, 100 km/h and 600 km. 4,812 were built between 1960…
Panhard, Marolles-en-Hurepoix France
Champ
1951–56The British Army’s over-engineered jeep: the Austin Champ of 1951, developed from the Nuffield Gutty and Wolseley Mudlark with torsion-bar independent suspension designed by Alec Issigonis, a 2.8-litre Rolls-Royce…
Austin Motor Company, Longbridge United Kingdom
Gipsy
1958–68Austin’s Land Rover rival: the Gipsy of February 1958, with a steel body, the 2.2-litre BMC petrol or diesel four and Alex Moulton’s Flexitor rubber independent suspension all round, in 90-inch and (from Series II)…
Austin Motor Company, Longbridge United Kingdom
Kirpi
2014Turkey's standard mine-resistant vehicle: 4×4 and 6×6, thirteen aboard — driver, commander, gunner and ten troops — eighteen tonnes empty and twenty laden, originally on a Cummins diesel of 375 hp.
BMC, İzmir Turkey
Vuran
2019An infantry mobility vehicle in service since 2019: STANAG 4569 level 3, 345 mm of ground clearance, 310 litres of fuel and 1,000 km at 60 km/h, on a six-litre cooled turbo diesel Cummins that will run on F34.
BMC, İzmir Turkey
Amazon
2015A lighter mine-resistant vehicle than the Kirpi: a unibody with a V-shaped hull, seven seats and 120 km/h, meeting STANAG 4569 without BMC naming the level.
BMC, İzmir Turkey
Tactical trucks
2009A 2.5-tonne tactical wheeled vehicle built to NATO standards, first delivered to the Turkish Army in 2009.
BMC, İzmir Turkey
B 2000
1955–68The Bundeswehr's first light four-wheel drive: a 3,200 mm wheelbase carrying 0.75 tonnes across country, on the Borgward 6 M 2,4 A — a 2,337 cc four-stroke inline six of 82 PS at 4,000 rpm and 162 N·m at 2,400.…
Borgward, Bremen Germany
B 3000
1940–44The all-wheel-drive version of Borgward's standard three-tonne truck, built at Bremen-Sebaldsbrück on either a 3.7-litre petrol six of 78 hp or a 5-litre diesel of 75.
Borgward, Bremen Germany
Tomcat
1985–98Bowler's first competition car: a Defender-styled rally raid car on a fabricated chassis, with a glassfibre copy of the Defender body and Land Rover running gear taken from a Defender, Range Rover or Discovery.
Bowler United Kingdom
Wildcat
1998–2007The Tomcat's successor and Bowler's most successful model: a road-legal rally raid car on a steel spaceframe with a glassfibre body, Land Rover beam axles and a choice of Rover V8 or turbodiesel engines.
Bowler United Kingdom
Nemesis
2007–12The Wildcat's replacement and the first Bowler with independent suspension: a steel spaceframe with an integral roll cage, composite panels and Range Rover Sport lamps and grille, built for the Dakar.
Bowler United Kingdom
EXR
2012The Nemesis developed on a hydroformed Range Rover Sport chassis, launched in 2012 with Land Rover's formal backing as a rally raid car and, as the EXR S, as Bowler's first road car.
Bowler United Kingdom
Bulldog and CSP
2017–24The first car on Bowler's own Cross Sector Platform chassis: a rally raid car shaped like a Defender double cab, with widened arches over Range Rover Sport-derived independent suspension and Range Rover Sport V6 engines.
Bowler United Kingdom
Bulldog and CSP
2020A four-seat road car announced in November 2020: the Cross Sector Platform chassis under an aluminium body in the shape of the old Defender 110 station wagon, with the 575 PS supercharged V8 of the Range Rover Sport SVR.
Bowler United Kingdom
Defender Challenge
2013–16Land Rover Defender 90 hard tops prepared by Bowler for the Defender Challenge by Bowler, a one-make UK rally series of 2014–16 sponsored by Land Rover as a feeder to the Dakar.
Bowler United Kingdom
Defender Challenge
2021–24The new Defender 90 P300 converted by Bowler for its one-make series: the Bowler Defender Challenge of 2022 and the Defender Rally Series by Bowler from 2023.
Bowler United Kingdom
K-series and Silverado 4x4
1960–72Chevrolet’s first factory four-wheel-drive pick-ups: the K10 half-ton and K20 three-quarter-ton of the 1960 C/K series (K = four-wheel drive), replacing the NAPCO Powr-Pak conversions of 1955–59, with a ladder frame…
Chevrolet (General Motors) United States
K-series and Silverado 4x4
1973–91The “square body” K10, K20 and K30 of 1973–91, the longest-running Chevrolet truck: full-time four-wheel drive with the NP203 to 1980 and shift-on-the-fly part-time from 1981, the 350 and 454 V8s and the 6.2-litre…
Chevrolet (General Motors) United States
K-series and Silverado 4x4
1988–2000The GMT400 K-series of 1988–2000: an aerodynamic body, independent torsion-bar front suspension on the 4x4 (a first for a full-size Chevrolet), the 4.3 V6, 5.0, 5.7 and 7.4 V8s and the 6.5 turbo-diesel, the Z71…
Chevrolet (General Motors) United States
K-series and Silverado 4x4
1999The Silverado with four-wheel drive since 1999: GMT800 (1999–2006), GMT900 (2007–13), K2XX (2014–18) and T1XX (2019–) generations of the 1500 and the 2500/3500 HD, with the Z71 package throughout, the Trail Boss of…
Chevrolet (General Motors) United States
K5 Blazer, Tahoe and Suburban
1992The full-size Blazer on the GMT400 of 1992–94, renamed Tahoe in 1995 with a four-door body: the K5’s successor with the 5.7 and 6.5 diesel, the Z71 package from 2001, and the GMT800 (2000), GMT900 (2007), K2XX (2015)…
Chevrolet (General Motors) United States
K5 Blazer, Tahoe and Suburban
1957The longest-running nameplate in the industry as a four-wheel drive: the Suburban Carryall with NAPCO four-wheel drive from 1955 and factory 4x4 from 1957, on every K-series chassis since — the square body of…
Chevrolet (General Motors) United States
LUV, S-10, Tracker and Colorado
1983–2005The compact Chevrolet four-wheel drives of 1983–2005: the S-10 pick-up 4x4 with Insta-Trac shift-on-the-fly, the S-10 Blazer of 1983 (two-door; four-door from 1991) and the 1995 second generation, the 2.8 and 4.3…
Chevrolet (General Motors) United States
LUV, S-10, Tracker and Colorado
2004The mid-size Chevrolet 4x4 since 2004: the GMT355 Colorado of 2004–12 developed with Isuzu, the GMT31XX of 2015 built in Missouri with the 2.8 Duramax diesel and the ZR2 of 2017 (Multimatic DSSV dampers, front and…
Chevrolet (General Motors) United States
LUV, S-10, Tracker and Colorado
1979–82Chevrolet’s Isuzu-built mini-truck with four-wheel drive: the LUV 4x4 of 1979–82, the first Chevrolet compact 4x4, with a 1.8-litre four, a solid front axle on leaf springs and a two-speed transfer case, built by…
Chevrolet (General Motors), Isuzu, Fujisawa Japan, United States
LUV, S-10, Tracker and Colorado
1989–2004The Suzuki-built Chevrolet: the Geo Tracker of 1989–97 and Chevrolet Tracker of 1998–2004, the Suzuki Sidekick/Vitara and Grand Vitara built by CAMI at Ingersoll, Ontario with a 1.6 four (later 2.0 and 2.5 V6), a…
CAMI Automotive (GM–Suzuki), Ingersoll, Suzuki, Kosai, Shizuoka Canada, Japan
Kégresse 10 HP
1921–26The first production Citroën half-tracks: Adolphe Kégresse’s rubber-tracked rear bogie under the 10 HP Type B2, with its 1,452 cc four of 20 hp and a three-speed gearbox with a reduction gear on the rear axle. The K1…
Citroën France
Kégresse 10 HP
1925–28The first Citroën half-track with a positive drive, the track bogie turned end for end and sprung on leaf springs, on the 10 HP B12 with the same 1,452 cc four. Accepted on 3 November 1925, it became the P7 bis in…
Citroën France
Kégresse C4 and C6
1928–34The most numerous Citroën half-track: the P10 of 1928 on B14 parts with a 1,539 cc four, and from 1930 the P17 on the C4 with a 1,628 cc four, later 1,767 cc in the P17 C, D and E. 191 P10s and 927 P10-1929s were…
Citroën France
Kégresse C4 and C6
1929The fast six-cylinder half-track: a C6 with its 2,442 cc six and a two-speed reduction at each end of the rear axle, accepted on 12 July 1929 and developed as the P19 A, B, BT, C and D. About 600 were built.
Citroën France
Kégresse C4 and C6
1930–40The heavy Citroën-Kégresse tractor: a 2,650 cc C6 six, a two-speed reduction ahead of the axle and a 300 mm metal-and-rubber track driven film-sprocket fashion, weighing 2,800 kg as a bare chassis. It was accepted on…
Citroën France
Kégresse C4 and C6
1928–34The only Citroën-Kégresse bogie designed for snow, hence the N: a 400 mm track of 70 duralumin plates on rubber-tyred rollers, with skis and a snow compactor at the front, on the C6 with its 2,442 cc six. Accepted on…
Citroën France
Kégresse C4 and C6
1930–36The heavy six-cylinder half-track built for the China group of the Croisière Jaune: a 2,650 cc six, a four-speed gearbox and a bogie with two sets of rollers, 2,700 kg as a bare chassis. Seven were built for the…
Citroën France
Kégresse P107
1935–40The last and most numerous Kégresse-type half-track: a towing tractor with a 3,454 cc four of 60 hp, a four-speed gearbox and a two-speed reduction, accepted on 6 December 1935 and built from 1937 by Unic at Puteaux…
Citroën, Unic, Puteaux France
Kégresse armoured cars
1931–33A small two-man armoured half-track with a rear engine and turret, derived from Citroën’s single-seat Type N infantry supply carrier of July 1931. The cavalry ordered fifty on 15 October 1931 as a scout; it was…
Citroën France
Kégresse armoured cars
1928–31The French cavalry’s armoured half-track of the 1930s: a Citroën-Kégresse design with a Panhard sleeve-valve four of 3,178 cc and 60 hp, a 37 mm SA 18 gun and a 7.5 mm Reibel machine gun, 6.8 tonnes, three crew.…
Citroën, Schneider et Cie, Le Creusot France
2CV Sahara
1960–67The twin-engined 2CV: a second 425 cc flat-twin and gearbox in the boot drove the rear wheels, one gear lever worked both gearboxes, and either engine could be run alone. Type-approved as the AZ 4/4 on 11 October…
Citroën France
Type 46 FOM
1962–67A four-wheel-drive lorry for French forces overseas (Forces d’Outre-Mer), built from 1962 on the Type 46 with a 97 hp six-cylinder petrol engine, a Fuller five-speed gearbox, air-assisted power steering and axles and…
Citroën France
Dangel 4×4
1991Dangel’s four-wheel-drive C15 D van, launched in 1991: a part-time system with a power take-off on the gearbox, a propeller shaft and a suspended rear axle engaged by an electro-pneumatic dog clutch, adding 80 kg to…
Automobiles Dangel, Sentheim, Citroën France
Dangel 4×4
1996Dangel’s four-wheel-drive conversions of Citroën’s light commercials, the twins of the Peugeot Partner, Expert and Boxer: an automatic torque split, a limited-slip or locking rear differential, at least 200 mm of…
Automobiles Dangel, Sentheim, Citroën France
ZX Rallye Raid
1990–97Citroën’s cross-country rally prototype: four-wheel drive with self-locking differentials and a central Ferguson-type limited-slip differential, a seven-speed dog gearbox and a turbocharged 2,499 cc XU four of 300…
Citroën France
Tracteur JA
1960–77The agricultural four-wheel drive Bernard Cournil built at Aurillac: a reinforced frame of his own from 1960, registered with the Mines as the “Tracteur Cournil” type JA1, and from 1961 the body of folded 2 mm sheet…
Bernard Cournil, Aurillac France
SIMI and Auverland
1980–88The Cournil as rebuilt by SIMI of the Belin group from 1980: a modified chassis on wheelbases of 2,200 and 2,750 mm, the short called Randonneur and the long Entrepreneur, with PSA’s 2.5-litre XD3 diesel and…
SIMI S.A. (Groupe Belin), Saint-Germain-Laval France
Trackster
1970–75A twin-track, four-seat all-terrain vehicle with a one-piece watertight fibreglass hull, steered by skidding its tracks through two Sundstrand hydrostatic transmissions. Cushman built it at Lincoln, Nebraska from…
Cushman Motors, Lincoln United States
1600XD
2011A two-seat diesel four-wheel-drive utility vehicle with a cargo bed, introduced by Textron's Cushman brand in 2011 for grounds, construction and municipal work.
Textron Specialized Vehicles, Augusta United States
Hauler 4x4
2018The four-wheel-drive series of Cushman's Hauler utility vehicles, launched by Textron Specialized Vehicles in October 2018 as a three-seat model and the six-seat Hauler 4x4 Crew, each with a petrol or a diesel engine.
Textron Specialized Vehicles, Augusta United States
Duster (ARO 10)
1984–93The first Duster was not a Dacia design: it was the ARO 10, built by ARO at Câmpulung Muscel and sold in Britain under the Dacia badge from 1984 to 1993, and as the Dacia 10 in some other export markets. Its…
ARO (Uzina Mecanică Muscel), Câmpulung Romania
Pick-Up 4×4
1999–2006The four-wheel-drive versions of the Dacia Pick-Up, the 'Papuc': shown at the Bucharest motor show in 1998 and built from 1999 until the Pick-Up range ended in December 2006, as the 1304 single cab, the drop side and…
Automobile Dacia, Mioveni Romania
Duster I
2010–17The four-wheel-drive versions of the first Dacia Duster (HS), built at Mioveni from 2010. The drive system is Nissan's ALL MODE: a driver-selected 2WD position, an Auto mode in which an electromagnetic coupling sends…
Automobile Dacia, Mioveni Romania
Duster II
2017–24The four-wheel-drive versions of the second Duster (HM), shown at Frankfurt in September 2017 and built at Mioveni until 2024 on the first car's 2,673 mm wheelbase. The Nissan-derived part-time system carries over —…
Automobile Dacia, Mioveni Romania
Duster III
2024The four-wheel-drive versions of the third Duster, on Renault–Nissan's CMF-B platform and a 2,657 mm wheelbase, built at Mioveni from December 2023 and at Bursa in Turkey from November 2024. The mechanical 4×4 pairs…
Automobile Dacia, Mioveni Romania
Bigster
2025Dacia's larger SUV, on the CMF-B LS platform and a 2,702 mm wheelbase, built at Mioveni from December 2024. Most Bigsters drive the front wheels only; the 4×4 versions use the Duster III's systems — a 1.2-litre…
Automobile Dacia, Mioveni Romania
Taft
1974–84Daihatsu’s jeep: the Taft of August 1974, a Jimny-sized ladder-frame 4x4 on a 2,025 mm wheelbase with leaf springs and a two-speed transfer case, the 958 cc FE four (F10), Toyota’s 1.6-litre 12R (F20, 1977), the 2.5…
Daihatsu, Ikeda, Osaka Japan
Rugger, Fourtrak and Rocky F70
1984–2002The Taft’s successor: the F70 Rugger of 1984 (Fourtrak in Britain, Rocky in Europe and Australia, Taft in Indonesia), a short-wheelbase 4x4 with the 2.8 DL diesel (turbocharged DL-T, later the intercooled DL-42) and…
Daihatsu, Ikeda, Osaka Japan
Rugger, Fourtrak and Rocky F70
1984–2002The long Rugger: the F75 (and F78 after 1992) on the longer wheelbase with the hard-top wagon, the pick-up and, in Indonesia, the five-door Taft GT, Rocky and Hiline bodies, with the same 2.8 diesels and petrols and…
Daihatsu, Ikeda, Osaka Japan
Rocky, Feroza and Sportrak F300
1989–2002The small Daihatsu of the 1990s: the F300 Rocky of 1989 (Feroza in Europe and Australia, Sportrak in Britain), a three-door ladder-frame 4x4 on a 2,175 mm wheelbase with the 1.6-litre HD-C/HD-E sixteen-valve four…
Daihatsu, Ikeda, Osaka Japan
VLR
1951–55France’s own answer to the Jeep: 9,621 built between 1951 and 1955, almost all of them military, on a 2,150 mm wheelbase, 3,410–3,460 mm long and 1,360–1,460 kg, with independent suspension, an aluminium body and a…
Delahaye, Paris France
Campagnola
1951–73Italy’s jeep: Dante Giacosa’s Campagnola of 1951, the Fiat 1101 with a 1.9-litre petrol four (later the 1.9 diesel of 1953), a ladder frame, leaf springs and a two-speed transfer case, built to 1973 as the AR51, AR55…
Fiat, Turin Italy
Campagnola
1974–87The second Campagnola: the 1107 AD shown at Belgrade in 1974 with a unit body, independent torsion-bar suspension all round, the 2.0-litre petrol four (80 hp), the 2.0 and 2.4 Sofim diesels (60 and 72 hp) and 70 cm…
Fiat, Turin Italy
Panda 4x4
1983–2003The first small transverse-engined production 4x4: the Panda 4x4 of June 1983, with Steyr-Puch’s clutch, gearbox with an ultra-low first, power take-off, three-piece propshaft and live rear axle fitted at Termini…
Fiat, Turin, Fiat, Termini Imerese (Steyr-Puch driveline) Italy
Panda 4x4
2004–12The second Panda 4x4: the Climbing of December 2004 with a viscous-coupling (later electronic) permanent four-wheel drive, the 1.2 petrol and 1.3 Multijet diesel (69–75 bhp), and the Panda Cross of January 2006 with…
Fiat, Turin Italy
Panda 4x4
2012–22The third Panda 4x4, shown at Paris in 2012 with the 0.9 TwinAir turbo and the 1.3 Multijet II, an electronic locking differential and the Cross of 2014 with terrain modes; built at Pomigliano d’Arco until the 4x4…
Fiat, Turin Italy
Bronco 1966–77
1966–77Ford’s first four-wheel drive built as one: the 1966–77 Bronco on a 92-inch wheelbase with coil-sprung solid front axle, the 170 and 200 sixes and the 289 and 302 V8s, in wagon, half-cab pick-up and open roadster…
Ford Motor Company United States
Bronco 1978–79
1978–79The full-size Bronco of 1978–79: the F-100’s chassis and front end on a 104-inch wheelbase with a removable rear roof, the 351M and 400 V8s and part-time four-wheel drive; 181,955 built in two model years, outselling…
Ford Motor Company United States
Bronco 1980–86
1980–86The 1980–86 Bronco on the seventh-generation F-Series: Twin-Traction Beam independent front suspension, the 300 six and the 302, 351M and 351 Windsor V8s, in Base, XL, XLT and from 1985 Eddie Bauer trims; 322,429…
Ford Motor Company United States
Bronco 1987–91
1987–91The 1987–91 Bronco on the eighth-generation F-Series: a rounded front, fuel injection across the range, rear-wheel anti-lock brakes and push-button four-wheel drive, the 300 six and 302 and 351 Windsor V8s; 235,251…
Ford Motor Company United States
Bronco 1992–96
1992–96The last full-size Bronco, 1992–96: the ninth-generation F-Series front, four-wheel ABS from 1993, a driver airbag from 1994, the 302 and 351 V8s (V8 only from 1994), XLT Sport and Eddie Bauer trims; 162,703 built…
Ford Motor Company United States
Bronco 2021–
2021The Bronco returned in June 2021 after 25 years as a body-on-frame off-roader against the Wrangler: removable doors and roof, independent front suspension and a solid rear axle, the 2.3-litre EcoBoost four and…
Ford Motor Company United States
Bronco II
1984–90The compact Bronco of 1984–90: a shortened Ranger chassis on a 94-inch wheelbase with Twin-Traction Beam front suspension, the 2.8 and 2.9-litre Cologne V6s and a 2.3-litre Mitsubishi diesel, in XL, XLT and Eddie…
Ford Motor Company United States
F-Series 4x4
1959The half-ton F-Series with four-wheel drive: factory-built since 1959 after two decades of Marmon-Herrington conversions, on a solid front axle to 1979, Twin-Traction Beam from 1980 and fully independent from 1997…
Ford Motor Company United States
F-Series 4x4
1959The three-quarter and one-ton F-Series with four-wheel drive: the F-250 4x4 from 1959, the raised-chassis “Highboy” of 1967–77, the F-350 4x4 from 1979 and the Super Duty line since 1999, on a solid front axle…
Ford Motor Company United States
Ranger 4x4 (1983–2011)
1983–2011The North American compact Ranger with four-wheel drive, 1983–2011: Twin-Traction Beam and then (1998) torsion-bar independent front suspension, the 2.8, 2.9, 3.0 and 4.0-litre V6s, in STX, Splash, XLT and FX4 trims…
Ford Motor Company United States
Ranger T6
2011The global Ranger designed by Ford Australia, built from 2011 at Rayong, Silverton and other plants and from 2019 at Wayne for North America: a 3,220 mm wheelbase, the 2.2 and 3.2-litre Duratorq diesels and later the…
Ford Motor Company, Ford Motor Company (Thailand), Rayong Thailand, United States
Explorer (1991–2010)
1991–2010The body-on-frame Explorer of 1991–2010, the vehicle that made the family SUV: Ranger-based with the 4.0 Cologne V6 and from 1996 the 5.0 V8, Control-Trac four-wheel drive from 1995, the Eddie Bauer, Limited and…
Ford Motor Company United States
Expedition
1997The full-size Ford SUV since 1997 on the F-150 chassis: the Bronco’s successor with four doors, the 4.6 and 5.4 Triton V8s and from 2018 the 3.5 EcoBoost V6, Control-Trac four-wheel drive, the long-wheelbase EL/Max…
Ford Motor Company United States
Excursion
2000–05The largest SUV of its day: the 2000–05 Excursion on the F-250 Super Duty chassis, 226 inches long, with the 5.4 and 6.8 Triton petrol engines and the 7.3 and 6.0 Power Stroke diesels, solid axles front and rear on…
Ford Motor Company United States
Everest
2003The Ranger-based body-on-frame wagon of Asia-Pacific, Africa and Latin America since 2003: the first two generations on the Mazda-derived Ranger, the T6-based Everest of 2015 (coil-sprung Watt’s-link rear, 3.2…
Ford Motor Company, Ford Motor Company (Thailand), Rayong Thailand, United States
Maverick (Australia)
1988–94The Nissan Patrol GQ sold as a Ford under the Button Plan, 1988–94: built by Nissan at Clayton, Victoria with the 4.2-litre petrol and diesel sixes in wagon, cab-chassis and utility bodies, badged Maverick with Ford…
Nissan Motor Co. (Australia), Clayton, Nissan, Yokohama Australia, Japan
M151 MUTT
1959–82The US Army’s quarter-ton of 1959–82, designed by Ford from 1951 as the M38A1’s successor: a unibody with independent suspension all round, the 2.3-litre Ford four and an 85-inch wheelbase, built by Ford, Kaiser Jeep…
Kaiser Jeep Corporation, Ford Motor Company United States
Marmon-Herrington Ford
1936–58Ford light trucks converted to all-wheel drive by Marmon-Herrington of Indianapolis from 1936 to 1958: the ½, ¾ and 1-ton pick-ups and the Ford station wagon with a transfer case and driven front axle, sold to the US…
Marmon-Herrington United States
GAZ-61, 64 and 67
1938–45The first Soviet four-wheel-drive car: the GAZ-61 of 1938–45, the GAZ-M1/11-73 Emka saloon and phaeton on a driven front axle with the 3.5-litre GAZ-11 six, built in small numbers as staff cars for Soviet marshals…
Gorky Automobile Plant (GAZ) Russia
GAZ-61, 64 and 67
1941–43The Soviet Jeep: Grachev’s GAZ-64 of 1941–43, an open quarter-ton four-wheel drive on a 2,100 mm wheelbase with the 3.3-litre GAZ-MM four, designed in 51 days after the Bantam and built alongside the BA-64 armoured…
Gorky Automobile Plant (GAZ) Russia
GAZ-61, 64 and 67
1943–53The Red Army’s wartime and post-war light four-wheel drive: the GAZ-67 of September 1943 and the 67B of 1944–53 with a wider track, a 2,100 mm wheelbase and the 3.3-litre GAZ four — 92,843 built to August 1953, the…
Gorky Automobile Plant (GAZ) Russia
GAZ-69, M-72 and 46
1953–72The Soviet Union’s light four-wheel drive of the Cold War: the GAZ-69 of 1953 with the Pobeda’s 2.1-litre four and three-speed gearbox on a 2,300 mm wheelbase, as the two-door eight-seat 69 and four-door 69A, built…
Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant (UAZ), Gorky Automobile Plant (GAZ) Russia
GAZ-69, M-72 and 46
1955–58The first unibody four-wheel-drive car: the 1955–58 GAZ-M72, a Pobeda saloon on the GAZ-69’s axles and transfer case with a strengthened body, built for rural officials and collective-farm chairmen; 4,677 made.
Gorky Automobile Plant (GAZ) Russia
GAZ-69, M-72 and 46
1953–58The Soviet Seep: the 1953–58 GAZ-46 MAV (“malyy avtomobil vodoplavayushchiy”) on the GAZ-69’s drivetrain with a boat hull, a propeller and a rudder, modelled on the Ford GPA that Lend-Lease had supplied; built for…
Gorky Automobile Plant (GAZ) Russia
FV430 series
1962–71Britain's answer to the M113: a fifteen-tonne tracked personnel carrier for two crew and ten men on the Rolls-Royce K60 multi-fuel of 240 hp, 52 km/h and 580 km, 5.25 m long. About 3,000 were built between 1962 and 1971.
GKN Sankey United Kingdom
Quad-Ant
1938–44Guy's four-wheel-drive field artillery tractor, developed from the 15-cwt Ant and launched in 1938: an all-steel, sloped-sided body for a driver, commander and four gunners, with ammunition lockers and a winch, 4.49…
Guy Motors Ltd, Fallings Park, Wolverhampton United Kingdom
Lizard
1940–41The first British armoured command vehicles in armour steel: 21 built by Guy in 1940–41 on its Lizard 4×4 chassis, a development of the Quad-Ant, with a Gardner five-cylinder diesel.
Guy Motors Ltd, Fallings Park, Wolverhampton United Kingdom
Six-wheelers
1926–39Guy's rigid-frame military six-wheeler of 1926 onward, its four rear wheels on a rocking cross-shaft to form an articulating bogie that could take chains. It was supplied as general-service lorries, artillery…
Guy Motors Ltd, Fallings Park, Wolverhampton United Kingdom
Six-wheelers
1933–39Guy's version of the War Office 3-ton 6×4 of the 1930s, built alongside the Crossley IGL8, Thornycroft Tartar and Karrier CK6 to a common specification with a rigid chassis. It was rated at 3/5 tons and bodied as…
Guy Motors Ltd, Fallings Park, Wolverhampton United Kingdom
FWD
1941–45Britain’s only four-wheel-drive passenger car of the war: Car, Heavy Utility, 4×4 (FWD), Humber — the Box — on a 2,838 mm wheelbase, built from 1941 to 1945. About 6,500 vehicles were made across the whole FWD…
Humber Limited (Rootes Group), Coventry United Kingdom
Scout 80, 800 and II
1961–65The first Scout: International’s 1961–65 answer to the Jeep CJ, a 100-inch-wheelbase two-door on a truck frame with the 152 cu in Comanche slant-four (half a V8), removable Travel-top or half-cab, sliding side…
International Harvester United States
Scout 80, 800 and II
1965–71The refined Scout of 1965–71: the 800 with bucket seats and a proper dashboard, the 800A of November 1968 with the 196 four, 232 six and 266 and 304 V8s, and the 800B of 1970–71; the Sportop fastback, the Champagne…
Land Rover United States
Scout 80, 800 and II
1971–80The last International four-wheel drive: the Scout II of April 1971 to 21 October 1980 on a 100-inch wheelbase with the 196 four, 232 and 258 sixes, 304 and 345 V8s and from 1976 the Nissan SD33 diesel, Dana 44 axles…
International Harvester United States
Scout 80, 800 and II
1976–80The long Scouts of 1976–80: 18 inches added between the door and the rear wheel for a 118-inch wheelbase, the Traveler with a full fibreglass top and hatchback and the Terra with a half-cab and pick-up bed, with the…
International Harvester United States
Travelall and light-line 4x4
1956–75International’s full-size wagon with four-wheel drive from 1956: the Travelall on the light-line truck chassis — R/S series three-door to 1957, A/B four-door, C/D five-door of 1961 and the 1969–75 D series on a…
International Harvester United States
Travelall and light-line 4x4
1956–75International’s half and three-quarter-ton pick-ups with four-wheel drive from 1956: the R-120 and S-120, the B-120, the C/D-1200 and the 1100/1200/1210/1310 series of 1969–75, with the Travelette crew cab from 1957…
International Harvester United States
Trooper and Bighorn
1981–91Isuzu’s first sport-utility: the Trooper of 1981 (Bighorn in Japan), a ladder-frame 4x4 with independent front suspension, a two-speed transfer case and 1.9 and 2.3 petrol and 2.2 and 2.8 diesel fours, three-door…
Isuzu, Fujisawa Japan
Trooper and Bighorn
1991–2002The big Trooper: the second generation of 1991 with the 3.1 and later 3.0 diesels and the 3.2 and 3.5-litre V6s (up to 215 hp), five-door from launch and three-door from March 1992, sold as the Holden Jackaroo and…
Isuzu, Fujisawa Japan
Faster, Rodeo and D-Max
1972–2002Isuzu’s pick-ups before the D-Max: the Faster of 1972 (KB in export markets), with four-wheel drive from 1979, sold as the Chevrolet LUV in North America, the Holden Rodeo in Australia and the Isuzu Rodeo and Pup…
Isuzu, Fujisawa Japan
Faster, Rodeo and D-Max
2002Isuzu’s world pick-up: the D-Max of 2002, developed with General Motors and sharing its first two generations’ platform with the Chevrolet Colorado, built mainly in Thailand, with 1.9 to 3.0-litre turbo-diesels…
Isuzu, Fujisawa, Isuzu Motors (Thailand), Samrong Thailand, Japan
MU, Wizard and MU-X
1989The pick-up-based wagons: the Isuzu MU of 1989 (Amigo in North America), the five-door Wizard and Rodeo that followed, and the MU-X of 2013 on the D-Max’s frame with a low range and seven seats, built in Thailand and…
Isuzu, Fujisawa, Isuzu Motors (Thailand), Samrong Thailand, Japan
Daily 4x4
1984The four-wheel-drive Daily: presented in 1984 by Fiat V.I. (now Iveco) and built ever since at Suzzara and Valladolid, a ladder-frame light commercial with a two-speed transfer case, front and rear differential locks…
Iveco, Turin Italy
Massif
2007–11The last Land Rover Series descendant: the Iveco Massif of 2007, built by Santana Motor at Linares as a restyled Santana PS-10 — itself descended from the licence-built Land Rover Series — with the 3.0-litre F1C…
Santana Motor (Metalúrgica de Santa Ana), Iveco, Turin Spain, Italy
VM 90 and LMV
1985–2005The Italian Army’s light truck: the VM 90, built on the Daily’s mechanicals with a 2.5-litre diesel of 100 hp, in Torpedo (open, ten men), armoured VM 90P and ambulance forms; 3,634 for Italy, 2,879 built under…
Iveco, Turin Italy
VM 90 and LMV
2001Iveco’s protected 4x4: the Light Multirole Vehicle of 2001, known in Italy as the Lince, with a modular armoured capsule, independent suspension and a 3.0-litre diesel, bought by Italy, Britain (as the Panther…
Iveco, Turin Italy
Willys MB / Ford GPW
1941–45The wartime ¼-ton 4×4 built by Willys-Overland (MB) and, to the same drawings, Ford (GPW) from 1941 to 1945 on an 80-inch wheelbase, with the 2.2-litre Willys L134 'Go Devil' four: about 640,000 in all, the origin of…
Willys-Overland Motors, Ford Motor Company United States
CJ
1949–53The 1949–53 revision of the CJ-2A with a one-piece windscreen, a stronger rear axle and revised seats; 80-inch wheelbase, L134 engine, 131,843 built. The basis of the military M38.
Willys-Overland Motors United States
CJ
1953–68The high-bonnet CJ of 1953–68, raised to clear the F-head 2.2-litre Hurricane engine; 80-inch wheelbase, about 196,000 built in the United States and many more under licence (Mahindra in India, Mitsubishi in Japan…
Willys-Overland Motors, Kaiser Jeep Corporation United States
M38 / M38A1
1950–71The post-war military Jeeps: the M38 of 1950–52 (a militarised CJ-3A, 80-inch wheelbase, 24-volt electrics) and the M38A1 of 1952–71 (the rounded-bonnet body later sold as the CJ-5, 81-inch wheelbase, F-head…
Willys-Overland Motors, Kaiser Jeep Corporation United States, Netherlands
CJ
1954–83The longest-lived CJ: the civilian M38A1 body sold from 1954 to 1983 on an 81-inch (83.5-inch from 1972) wheelbase, with the Hurricane four, the Buick-derived Dauntless V6 from 1965 and AMC's 232/258 sixes and 304 V8…
Willys-Overland Motors, Kaiser Jeep Corporation United States
CJ
1955–81The long-wheelbase CJ-5: 101 inches (103.5 from 1972) with a longer rear body, sold 1955–75 in the United States and to 1981 for export; 50,172 built, most of them abroad.
Willys-Overland Motors, Kaiser Jeep Corporation United States
CJ
1976–86The 1976–86 CJ on a 93.3-inch wheelbase, long enough for an automatic transmission and full doors, with a squared rear wheel arch, optional hard top and AMC's sixes and V8; 379,299 built. The direct ancestor of the…
American Motors Corporation (Jeep Corporation) United States
CJ
1981–86The CJ-7 stretched to a 103.5-inch wheelbase with a short pick-up bed, sold 1981–86 as the Scrambler; 27,792 built, with a further run of enclosed-body versions (the CJ-10 and the Australian and Venezuelan…
American Motors Corporation (Jeep Corporation) United States
FC (Forward Control)
1957–65Willys' cab-over trucks of 1957–65 on CJ running gear: the FC-150 on the CJ-5's 81-inch wheelbase with the Hurricane four, and the FC-170 on 103.5 inches with the 3.7-litre Super Hurricane six; about 30,000 built.
Land Rover United States
Wagoneer / Cherokee SJ
1963–91The full-size Jeep wagon of 1963–91 on a 110-inch wheelbase: the first with an independent front suspension option and an automatic transmission, sold through Kaiser, AMC and Chrysler ownership with the AMC 360 V8 in…
Kaiser Jeep Corporation, American Motors Corporation (Jeep Corporation) United States
Wagoneer / Cherokee SJ
1974–83The sporting two-door version of the Wagoneer sold 1974–83 (four-door from 1977) on the same 109-inch chassis, with the Chief wide-track package; AMC's answer to the Blazer and Bronco.
American Motors Corporation (Jeep Corporation) United States
J-series (Gladiator truck)
1963–88The full-size Jeep pick-up of 1963–88 on the Wagoneer chassis, wheelbases of 120 and 126 inches (and longer chassis-cabs), sold as the Gladiator to 1971 and the J-10/J-20 after; military M715 versions for the US Army…
Kaiser Jeep Corporation, American Motors Corporation (Jeep Corporation) United States
Cherokee XJ / Comanche MJ
1984–2001The unibody compact Cherokee of 1984–2001 on a 101.4-inch wheelbase with coil-sprung front and leaf-sprung rear solid axles; AMC's 4.0-litre inline-six from 1987. About 2.9 million built in the United States, China…
American Motors Corporation (Jeep Corporation) United States
Cherokee XJ / Comanche MJ
1986–92The Cherokee XJ as a pick-up, 1986–92: a unibody cab with a separate frame-mounted bed, on 113- and 120-inch wheelbases, two- or four-wheel drive; about 190,000 built.
American Motors Corporation (Jeep Corporation) United States
Wrangler YJ
1986–95The first Wrangler, 1986–95: the CJ-7's 93.4-inch wheelbase with a wider track, leaf springs, a lower stance and rectangular headlamps, and the 2.5-litre four and 4.0-litre six from 1991; about 632,000 built in…
American Motors Corporation (Jeep Corporation) United States, Canada
Wrangler TJ
1996–2006The 1996–2006 Wrangler with coil springs on both solid axles (the Quadra-Coil suspension from the Grand Cherokee), round headlamps again, the 2.5-litre four, the 2.4-litre from 2003 and the 4.0-litre six; the Rubicon…
Chrysler (Jeep), Toledo United States
Wrangler JK
2006–18The 2006–18 Wrangler, wider and the first with a four-door body (the Unlimited, 116-inch wheelbase) beside the 95.4-inch two-door; the 3.8-litre V6 to 2011 and the 3.6-litre Pentastar after, with the 2.8-litre VM…
Chrysler (Jeep), Toledo, Arab American Vehicles United States, Egypt
Wrangler JL / Gladiator JT
2018The current Wrangler (2018–) and its Gladiator JT pick-up derivative (2019–): aluminium doors and bonnet on a steel body, the 3.6-litre Pentastar, the 2.0-litre turbo four, the 3.0-litre EcoDiesel and, from 2021, the…
Chrysler (Jeep), Toledo United States
4310
1981–95The truck that put Naberezhnye Chelny into military service: a 6×6 with permanent all-wheel drive, single tyres on all three axles and a tilting cab, carrying six tonnes on the 10.9-litre KamAZ-740 V8 of 210 hp — 220…
Kamaz, Naberezhnye Chelny Russia
43114 and 43118
1995The 4310's successor: developed from 1991, in series production since 1995, with the KamAZ-740 raised to 240 hp on the same displacement and the same six-tonne payload.
Kamaz, Naberezhnye Chelny Russia
4326
1995Kamaz's two-axle all-wheel drive, in production since 1995: large single tyres on both axles, permanent four-wheel drive and 1.5 metres of wading depth, for civilian and military work alike.
Kamaz, Naberezhnye Chelny Russia
Mustang
2003The 6×6 of the Mustang family: accepted into Russian Ground Forces service in 2002, in production since 2003, on the turbocharged KamAZ-740.13.260 of 250 hp, carrying six tonnes.
Kamaz, Naberezhnye Chelny Russia
Typhoon
2014The armoured 6×6 of the Typhoon family: a V-hulled mine-resistant carrier for two crew and up to sixteen troops, on the YaMZ-5367 six of 450 hp through an eight-speed automatic, 8.99 m long.
Kamaz, Naberezhnye Chelny Russia
Race trucks
2010The Dakar truck: a 4×4 on the 4326 chassis with a 13-litre turbocharged six of about 1,150 hp, a 1,000-litre tank over the rear wheels for a 50:50 balance, and a cab set well back behind the bonnet.
Kamaz-master, Naberezhnye Chelny Russia
Protze
1934–36The first Krupp-Protze: a 6×4 light artillery tractor of 1934–36 with an air-cooled 3.3-litre Krupp boxer four of 53 hp, 5.10 m long, 1.93 m wide and 1.96 m high, 2,600 kg with 1,150 kg of payload, 70 km/h and 450 km…
Fried. Krupp AG, Essen Germany
Protze
1936–41The second Protze, 1936–41: the Krupp M 304 petrol four of 60 hp in place of the 53 hp boxer, and the two rear axles set further apart for stability and traction. About 7,000 Protzes were built in all.
Fried. Krupp AG, Essen Germany
Type 95
1936–44Japan's first purpose-designed four-wheel-drive scout car, and one of the first in the world: about 4,700 built between 1936 and 1944 — 4,775 counting minor changes — on a 2,000 mm wheelbase, 3,600 mm long, 1,520 mm…
Tokyu Kogyo Kurogane, Ōmori Japan
Niva 2121 and 2131
1995The long Niva: the VAZ-2131 five-door of 1995 on a 2,700 mm wheelbase and the 2329 pick-up on the same chassis, with the 1.7 engines and the same permanent four-wheel drive, sold to rural families, utilities and…
AvtoVAZ, Tolyatti Russia
Chevrolet Niva and Niva Travel
2002The second Niva: the Chevrolet Niva of 2002, built by the GM–AvtoVAZ joint venture at Tolyatti on a new body with the same permanent four-wheel drive, centre-differential lock and low range; AvtoVAZ bought out GM’s…
AvtoVAZ, Tolyatti, GM-AvtoVAZ (now AvtoVAZ), Tolyatti Russia
Prototypes
1977One prototype, built in 1977 on contract from Mobility Technology International for United States military evaluation: four-wheel drive with a rear-mounted Chrysler 5.9-litre V8 of 180 hp and a three-speed automatic…
Lamborghini, Sant'Agata Bolognese Italy
Tractors
1916–52A heavy half-track hauler built at Morris, New York: from 1916 a petrol machine with a central triangular rocker carrying two tear-drop runner blocks on axles, so the track followed the ground and full power went to…
Linn Manufacturing, Morris United States
CJ, MM and Major
1949–2010India’s Jeep: Mahindra assembled Willys CJs from kits from 1949 under the 1947 licence and built the CJ-3B and its descendants — the CJ-4, CJ-500, MM 540 and MM 550, the Commander and the Major — into the 2010s, with…
Mahindra & Mahindra India
Thar and Roxor
2010–20The CJ made modern: the Thar of 4 October 2010, which replaced the Major with the 2.5-litre CRDe diesel, part-time four-wheel drive and a low range, in soft-top and hard-top forms — the last Indian vehicle still…
Mahindra & Mahindra India
Thar and Roxor
2020The modern Thar: the second generation of 15 August 2020 with a 2.0-litre turbo-petrol or 2.2-litre diesel, six-speed manual or automatic, part-time four-wheel drive with a low range and a brake locking differential…
Mahindra & Mahindra India
Scorpio
2002Mahindra’s own design: the Scorpio of 2002, a ladder-frame wagon developed in five years for about ₹600 crore, with four-wheel-drive versions with a low range, the 2.6 turbo-diesel and later the 2.2 mHawk, the…
Mahindra & Mahindra India
G-Class (W460, W461, W463)
1979–91The original Geländewagen: the W460 of 1979–91, developed by Daimler-Benz and Steyr-Daimler-Puch from 1972 and built at Graz, a ladder-frame four-wheel drive with coil-sprung solid axles, part-time four-wheel drive…
Mercedes-Benz (Daimler-Benz), Magna Steyr (Steyr-Daimler-Puch), Graz Austria, Germany
G-Class (W460, W461, W463)
1992–2022The working and military G: the W461 of 1992–2022, the W460’s body and chassis with the W463’s drivetrain, as the Bundeswehr Wolf, the Canadian, Norwegian, Danish, Swiss and Australian forces’ G-Wagens (including the…
Mercedes-Benz (Daimler-Benz), Magna Steyr (Steyr-Daimler-Puch), Graz Austria, Germany
G-Class (W460, W461, W463)
1990–2018The luxury G of 1990–2018: the W463 with wood and leather, permanent four-wheel drive with three electric differential locks, ABS and the M-Class’s and S-Class’s engines from the 300 GE to the G 500 V8 (1998), the G…
Mercedes-Benz (Daimler-Benz), Magna Steyr (Steyr-Daimler-Puch), Graz Austria, Germany
G-Class (W460, W461, W463)
2018The 2018 G: a new frame and body 121 mm wider, independent front suspension with a solid rear axle, the three differential locks and low range kept, the 4.0-litre biturbo V8 in the G 500 and G 63 AMG and the…
Mercedes-Benz (Daimler-Benz), Magna Steyr (Steyr-Daimler-Puch), Graz Austria, Germany
Unimog
1948–74The first Unimog: Albert Friedrich’s 1945 agricultural tractor-truck with four equal wheels, portal axles, coil springs and power take-offs, built by Boehringer at Göppingen from 1948 (600) and by Daimler-Benz at…
Mercedes-Benz (Daimler-Benz), Gebrüder Boehringer, Göppingen Germany
Unimog
1955–80The military Unimog: the 404 S of 1955–80 with the 2.2 and 2.3-litre M180 petrol six of the Mercedes saloons, a 2,900 mm wheelbase, portal axles and coil springs, 64,242 built — the standard 1.5-tonne truck of the…
Mercedes-Benz (Daimler-Benz) Germany
Unimog
1963–89The medium Unimogs of 1963–89: the 406 with the 5.7-litre OM 352 diesel six on a 2,380 mm wheelbase, the long 416 (2,900 mm) and the light 421 of 1966 with the OM 621 four, the Unimogs of German municipalities…
Mercedes-Benz (Daimler-Benz) Germany
Unimog
1974–2013The heavy Unimog series of 1974–2013: the 425 and 424 of 1974–76, the 435 of 1975 (the U 1300 L of the Bundeswehr, 1976–93), and the 437 of 1988 (U 1400 to U 2450 L, and the U 1550 L/U 2150 L), with the OM 352, OM…
Mercedes-Benz (Daimler-Benz) Germany
Unimog
2000The municipal Unimog since 2000: the 405 series UGN (U 300, U 400, U 500 and since 2013 the U 216 to U 530) with the VarioPilot switchable left/right driving position, front and rear power take-offs, hydraulic…
Mercedes-Benz (Daimler-Benz) Germany
Unimog
2002The off-road Unimog since 2002: the 437.4 series UHN — U 3000, U 4000 and U 5000, from 2013 the U 4023 and U 5023 — with portal axles, coil springs, torque-tube drive, up to 30 degrees of axle articulation and the…
Mercedes-Benz (Daimler-Benz) Germany
Mitsubishi Jeep
1953–98Japan’s Jeep: Mitsubishi built Willys designs under licence for forty-five years — the J1 and J2 of 1952–53 for the police and forestry service, the J3 of July 1953, the long-wheelbase J20 of 1960, the J38 wagon and…
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries / Mitsubishi Motors Japan
Pajero, Montero and Shogun
1982–91The vehicle that made Mitsubishi’s name: the Pajero of May 1982, a ladder-frame 4x4 with torsion-bar independent front suspension, free-wheeling hubs and 2.0 to 3.0-litre petrol and diesel engines, in short and long…
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries / Mitsubishi Motors Japan
Pajero, Montero and Shogun
1991–99The Super Select Pajero: the second generation of January 1991, the first Japanese four-wheel drive with Super Select 4WD — two- and four-wheel drive selectable at up to 50 mph, with a lockable centre differential —…
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries / Mitsubishi Motors Japan
Pajero, Montero and Shogun
1999–2021The monocoque Pajeros: the third generation of 1999 with a unibody built around an integrated ladder frame, Super Select 4WD II with planetary gears and a low range, and the fourth of September 2006, built until…
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries / Mitsubishi Motors Japan
Pajero, Montero and Shogun
1996The Triton-based Pajero: the Pajero Sport of 1996 (Challenger in Japan, Montero Sport in the Americas, Shogun Sport in Britain), a ladder-frame wagon on the pick-up’s chassis with Easy Select or Super Select 4WD and…
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries / Mitsubishi Motors, Mitsubishi Motors (Thailand), Laem Chabang Thailand, Japan
Triton and L200
1981Mitsubishi’s pick-up: the Forte of 1978 with four-wheel drive from 1981, sold worldwide as the L200 and in Japan and Australia as the Triton, through six generations to 2023, with Easy Select and Super Select 4WD…
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries / Mitsubishi Motors, Mitsubishi Motors (Thailand), Laem Chabang Thailand, Japan
Fuso Canter
1986The four-wheel-drive Canter, the FG: a light truck with a two-speed transfer case, high and low range, and manual front hubs, on a three-litre Euro 5 turbo-diesel of 110 kW and 370 N·m through a five-speed manual.…
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries / Mitsubishi Motors, Mitsubishi Fuso Truck and Bus Corporation Japan
C8
1939–45The beetle-backed field artillery tractor that towed the 25-pounder: about 10,000 built between October 1939 and 1945, 4.489 m long, 2.21 m wide and 2.26 m high, 3.3 long tons, with a 3.5-litre Morris EH four of 70…
Morris Commercial Cars, Adderley Park United Kingdom
MRA
1949–56Morris Commercial’s post-war one-tonner: the MRA/1 4×4 in the War Office’s general service range, in cargo and water-tanker form.
Morris Commercial Cars, Adderley Park United Kingdom
410 and 411
1957–61A four-wheel-drive saloon: the Moskvitch 402 raised and given drive to both axles, built for agricultural repair teams and country roads. 7,580 were made between 1957 and 1961, with 220 mm of clearance under the…
MZMA, Moscow Russia
410 and 411
1958–61The estate version, on the 407 body: 1,515 built between 1958 and 1961, with the 1.3-litre MZMA-407 four.
MZMA, Moscow Russia
T1
1950–60Mowag’s first success: more than 1,600 T1 4×4 troop carriers for the Swiss Army, which established the Kreuzlingen works.
Mowag, Kreuzlingen Switzerland
MR 8
1959–70The armoured car that took Mowag abroad: about 750 MR 8s built for the West German Bundesgrenzschutz from 1959.
Mowag, Kreuzlingen Switzerland
Duro
1994The Swiss Army’s tactical transport: developed by Bucher-Guyer AG at Niederweningen, in service from 1994 after an initial order of 3,000 vehicles, and built at Kreuzlingen since production moved to Mowag in January…
Mowag, Kreuzlingen, Bucher-Guyer AG, Niederweningen Switzerland
Duro
2003The six-wheeled Duro: the III in cargo form with a Cummins ISB5-9 of 275 hp in the Swiss GMTF version and a Cummins 6BTA-5.9 of 245 hp for export, and the armoured IIIP with remote-controlled weapons.
Mowag, Kreuzlingen Switzerland
Eagle
1993–2003The first Eagles: a Swiss armoured reconnaissance body on the Humvee chassis — the Eagle I at 4.5 tonnes, the Eagle II on the Humvee ECV, and the Eagle III as a mobile artillery observation vehicle — with Detroit…
Mowag, Kreuzlingen Switzerland
Eagle
2003The Eagle on Mowag’s own chassis: the IV on the Duro II 4×4 at 6.7–7.4 tonnes, and the V on the Duro IIIP in 4×4 and 6×6 form, at 7.0 and 7.7 tonnes or more, with Cummins inline-six turbodiesels of 240–285 hp and…
Mowag, Kreuzlingen Switzerland
Piranha
1972Mowag’s armoured vehicle family, in production since 1972 in 4×4, 6×6, 8×8 and 10×10 forms across five generations. More than 12,000 have been built including the licensed LAV and Stryker families. 275 hp diesel, 100…
Mowag, Kreuzlingen Switzerland
Patrol and Safari
1951–80Nissan’s first four-wheel drive: the 4W60 of 1951, a jeep-like vehicle built for the Japanese police reserve and forestry service, and the 60-series Patrol of 1960–80 with the 4.0-litre P40 six, leaf springs and a…
Nissan, Yokohama Japan
Patrol and Safari
1980–89The leaf-sprung modern Patrol: the 160 series of 1980 (MQ in Australia) and the 260 of 1985 (MK), with the SD33 diesel, the L28 and P40 petrol sixes and, from 1983, the turbo-diesel; sold as the Safari in Japan and…
Nissan, Yokohama Japan
Patrol and Safari
1987–97The first coil-sprung Patrol: the Y60 of 1987 (GQ in Australia, Safari in Japan) with coil springs and live axles front and rear, the TB42 4.2 petrol six and the TD42 4.2 diesel six, in short and long wheelbases…
Nissan, Yokohama Japan
Patrol and Safari
1997–2024The long-running Patrol: the Y61 of 1997 (GU in Australia), coil-sprung with live axles, the TB45 and TB48 petrol sixes, the TD42 and ZD30 diesels, sold in Australia until 2016 and built for the Middle East, Africa…
Nissan, Yokohama Japan
Navara, Hardbody and Frontier
1986Nissan’s four-wheel-drive pick-ups: the D21 Hardbody of 1986, the D22 of 1997, the D40 of 2004 and the NP300/D23 of 2014, with part-time four-wheel drive and a low range, built in Japan, Spain, Thailand, Mexico and…
Nissan, Yokohama Japan
Terrano, Pathfinder and Xterra
1986–2004The station-wagon Nissans with a low range: the Terrano (WD21) of 1986, sold as the Pathfinder in North America, on the Hardbody’s ladder frame with the VG30 V6 and the TD27 diesel, and the R50 of 1995 with a…
Nissan, Yokohama Japan
Terrano, Pathfinder and Xterra
1999–2015The American off-roader: the Xterra of 1999 on the Frontier’s ladder frame, with the 3.3 and later 4.0-litre VQ40 V6, a two-speed transfer case and, on the PRO-4X, a locking rear differential and Bilstein dampers…
Nissan, Yokohama, Nissan North America, Smyrna, Tennessee United States, Japan
Model A and the early trucks
1918–29The first Oshkosh trucks: the two-ton Model A of 1918 (seven built) and the 3.5-ton Model B, four-wheel-drive trucks with the Besserdich–Mosling automatic centre differential, built by the Wisconsin Duplex Auto…
Oshkosh Defense, Oshkosh, Wisconsin United States
+1MTVR and FMTV
1999The Marine Corps’ medium truck: the Medium Tactical Vehicle Replacement, a 7-ton 6x6 with the Caterpillar C-12 (425 hp), the Allison HD 4070P seven-speed and Oshkosh’s TAK-4 independent coil suspension, 11,359 built…
Oshkosh Defense, Oshkosh, Wisconsin United States
MTVR and FMTV
2010The Army’s 2.5-ton truck as built by Oshkosh: the Light Medium Tactical Vehicle of the FMTV family, a 4x4 with the 7.2-litre Caterpillar C7 (275 hp) and the Allison 3700 SP seven-speed, in the M1078 cargo, M1079 van…
Oshkosh Defense, Oshkosh, Wisconsin United States
MTVR and FMTV
2010The Army’s five-ton truck as built by Oshkosh: the Medium Tactical Vehicle of the FMTV family, a 6x6 with the Caterpillar C7 at 330 hp and the Allison 3700 SP, in the M1083, M1084 and M1085 cargo, M1088 tractor and…
Oshkosh Defense, Oshkosh, Wisconsin United States
M-ATV and JLTV
2009The MRAP for Afghanistan: the M-ATV of 2009 with the 7.2-litre Caterpillar C7 (370 hp), the Allison 3500SP, TAK-4 independent suspension with 16 inches of travel and a Plasan armoured hull, 12.5 tonnes; Oshkosh won…
Oshkosh Defense, Oshkosh, Wisconsin United States
M-ATV and JLTV
2015The Humvee’s successor: the Light Combat Tactical All-Terrain Vehicle, chosen as the Joint Light Tactical Vehicle on 25 August 2015 ($6.75 billion for up to 16,901), with the 6.6-litre Banks 866T V8 diesel (400 hp)…
Oshkosh Defense, Oshkosh, Wisconsin United States
Striker ARFF
2001The airport crash tender: the Oshkosh Striker aircraft rescue and fire-fighting vehicle in 4x4 (1,500 US gallons) and 6x6 (3,000 gallons) forms, with TAK-4 independent suspension, a rear-mounted diesel, roof and…
Oshkosh Defense, Oshkosh, Wisconsin United States
P4
1981–92The French Army’s G-Wagen: the Peugeot P4, built from 1981 under a 50-50 agreement with Mercedes-Benz — the G-Class chassis and body with Peugeot’s 504 petrol and 604-derived transmission, later the 2.5 XD3 diesel —…
Peugeot, Sochaux France
Dangel 4x4 conversions
1980–86The first Dangel: Henri Dangel’s four-wheel-drive conversion of the Peugeot 504 pick-up and break, developed with Peugeot’s own engineers from a 1976 prototype shown to the company in 1978 and taken into the Peugeot…
Peugeot, Sochaux, Automobiles Dangel, Sentheim France
Dangel 4x4 conversions
1986–92The estate that went anywhere: the 505 break 4x4 converted by Dangel from 1986 with a transfer case, raised ride height and a locking rear differential, more than 5,500 built — many for French government, utility and…
Peugeot, Sochaux, Automobiles Dangel, Sentheim France
Dangel 4x4 conversions
1996The working Dangels: four-wheel-drive conversions of the Peugeot Partner, Expert and Boxer vans (and their Citroën Berlingo, Jumpy and Jumper and Fiat Ducato and Scudo twins) with a transfer case, raised suspension…
Peugeot, Sochaux, Automobiles Dangel, Sentheim France
SandCat
2004–08The first SandCat: a Ford F350 shortened to a 2,946 mm wheelbase, or an F450, carrying a composite armoured capsule. Designed in 2004 by Nir Kahn around a four-man crew and about four tonnes gross, revised after…
Plasan, Kibbutz Sasa Israel
SandCat
2008–11The second generation moved to the Ford F550 for most customers — the Israeli Border Police kept the F350 — took the gross weight to 8,845 kg, and gained Plasan's own coil-spring and trailing-arm rear suspension.…
Plasan, Kibbutz Sasa Israel
SandCat
2011–17The third generation, sold as the Stormer: Ford F550 throughout, 8,845 kg gross and up to ten men, facelifted in 2014 to a harder military shape.
Plasan, Kibbutz Sasa Israel
SandCat
2018The current SandCat: Ford F550, the 6.7-litre Power Stroke V8 of 330 hp, 110 km/h and 500 to 550 km of range, in Troop Carrier, Utility and Single Cab forms with a monocoque M-LPV option. Up to ten men in the troop…
Plasan, Kibbutz Sasa Israel
Yagu
2018The lightest of the family: a three-man 4×4 shown at Expo Seguridad in Mexico City in late April 2018, with what Plasan calls 360-degree protection against high-velocity threats at a weight unusual for that level.
Plasan, Kibbutz Sasa Israel
WC series and M37
1940–45The wartime Dodge: the WC series half-ton and ¾-ton four-wheel drives of 1940–45 — weapons carriers, command reconnaissance cars, ambulances and the 6x6 WC-62/63 — with the 230 flathead six, built in hundreds of…
Dodge (Chrysler), Warren, Michigan United States
Power Wagon, W-series and Ramcharger
1946–78The first civilian 4x4 truck from a major maker: the Power Wagon of 1946, the WC’s chassis and 230 flathead six under a civilian cab on a 126-inch wheelbase, sold in the United States to 1968 (when emissions and…
Dodge (Chrysler), Warren, Michigan United States
Power Wagon, W-series and Ramcharger
1957–93Dodge’s styled four-wheel drives: the W100, W200 and W300 of 1957 on the Sweptline and later bodies, the 1972 redesign with the NP203 transfer case, and the Ram W150, W250 and W350 of 1981–93 with the Cummins…
Dodge (Chrysler), Warren, Michigan United States
Power Wagon, W-series and Ramcharger
1974–93Dodge’s Blazer: the Ramcharger of 1974 on a shortened W-series chassis, four-wheel drive only at first, with a dealer-fitted fabric or removable steel top to 1980 and a fixed roof after 1981, the 225 six and the 318…
Dodge (Chrysler), Warren, Michigan United States
Ram 4x4
1994The modern Ram four-wheel drives: the 1994 second generation that made Dodge a serious truck maker, the 2002 third generation with independent front suspension on the 1500 and live axles on the heavy duties, and the…
Dodge (Chrysler), Warren, Michigan United States
RB44
1988–93The British Army’s one-tonne replacement for the Land Rover 101 Forward Control, on the chassis and cab of the Dodge 50 Series: a Perkins Phaser diesel of 80 kW (107 hp) through a Chrysler Torqueflite A727…
Reynolds Boughton United Kingdom
Crash tenders
1975–85The airfield crash tender on Reynolds Boughton’s Pegasus 4×4 chassis: seven tons, with a rear-mounted Chrysler H440 V8 petrol of 225 hp at 4,400 rpm — or, as an option, a Rolls-Royce B81 of 235 hp — through an…
Chubb Fire, Reynolds Boughton United Kingdom
20
1978–98The two-ton 4×4 of the SAMIL range: the Magirus-Deutz 130 M 7 FAL built in South Africa with a forward-control tilt cab, portal axles and permanent four-wheel drive, 5.34 m long on a 2,900 mm wheelbase and 7,700 kg…
Truckmakers, Rosslyn, Pretoria, Magirus-Deutz, Ulm South Africa, Germany
50
1979–98The five-ton 4×4 of the range: a strengthened South African version of the Magirus-Deutz 192 D 12 AL, 7.82 m long on a 4,900 mm wheelbase and 12,400 kg gross, with bench seats for up to 40 troops. The Mk I had the…
Truckmakers, Rosslyn, Pretoria, Magirus-Deutz, Ulm South Africa, Germany
100
1983–98The ten-ton 6×6 of the range: the Magirus-Deutz 320 D 22 AL built in South Africa, in effect a SAMIL 50 with a third axle and a V10. It is 10.27 m long on a 5,250 mm wheelbase plus a 1,380 mm bogie and weighs 9,135…
Truckmakers, Rosslyn, Pretoria, Magirus-Deutz, Ulm South Africa, Germany
ATV
2015The vehicle the brand is named for: a 1,300 kg amphibian on four self-inflating tyres 63 inches (160 cm) tall, driven through a five-speed manual and hydraulic skid steering by a 1.5-litre four-cylinder turbodiesel…
SHERP, Kyiv Ukraine
Pro
2021The larger four-wheeler sold through ARGO: a Doosan D18 1.8-litre three-cylinder diesel of 190 N·m, 3,984 mm long, 2,570 mm wide and 2,846 mm high on a 2,200 mm wheelbase, with 600 mm of ground clearance, 71-inch…
SHERP, Kyiv, ARGO, Ontario Ukraine, Canada
N 1200
2022The arctic SHERP, announced in 2022: insulated against the cold, with protective bars over the windows against polar bears.
SHERP, Kyiv Ukraine
Ark
2019SHERP’s largest vehicle: ten driven wheels on five axles, articulated in the middle so the front section can rise and twist over obstacles. 9,632 mm long, 2,520 mm wide and 2,605–2,900 mm high, with 600 mm of…
SHERP, Kyiv Ukraine
Superb 4×4
1942–43The only four-wheel-drive Superb, and one of the rarest vehicles in the registry: five Type 956s built in 1942–43 on the 3.1-litre overhead-valve six, in German-occupied Bohemia.
Škoda, Mladá Boleslav Czech Republic
973 Babeta
1952–56Škoda's own light four-wheel drive: the 973 Babeta of 1952–56, with a 1.5-litre four of 49 bhp through a four-speed gearbox driving all four wheels, open or with a fixed roof, and 55 mph. Fewer than 50 were built…
Škoda, Mladá Boleslav Czech Republic
6ST
1935–45Škoda's six-wheeled medium towing vehicle: a four-tonne 6×4 with an 8.2-litre six-cylinder petrol engine of 100 hp.
Škoda Works, Plzeň Czech Republic
Haflinger
1959–74Erich Ledwinka’s little four-wheel drive: the 1959–74 Haflinger with a rear-mounted 643 cc air-cooled flat twin, a central backbone tube, portal axles with swing half-axles, locking differentials front and rear and a…
Magna Steyr (Steyr-Daimler-Puch), Graz Austria
Pinzgauer 4x4 and 6x6
1971–85The first Pinzgauer: the 710 (4x4) and 712 (6x6) of 1971–85 with a 2.5-litre air-cooled petrol four in a central backbone tube, portal axles, swing axles on coil springs, a 6x6 with a bogie rear, five locking…
Magna Steyr (Steyr-Daimler-Puch), Graz Austria
Pinzgauer 4x4 and 6x6
1971–85The six-wheeled Pinzgauer of 1971–85: the 712 with a walking-beam rear bogie on the backbone tube, a two-tonne payload, ten seats and five locking differentials, the Austrian and Swiss armies’ troop carrier…
Magna Steyr (Steyr-Daimler-Puch), Graz Austria
Pinzgauer 4x4 and 6x6
1986–2000The second Pinzgauer: the 716 (4x4) and 718 (6x6) of 1986–2000 with the Volkswagen 2.4-litre turbo-diesel six (later the 2.5 TDI), an automatic gearbox option, a longer bonnet and the same backbone, portal-axle…
Magna Steyr (Steyr-Daimler-Puch), Graz Austria
Pinzgauer 4x4 and 6x6
2000–09The British Pinzgauer: built by Automotive Technik at Guildford from 2000 and by BAE Systems from 2005 as the Pinzgauer II with the 2.5 TDI and Euro 3 compliance, for the British Army (gun tractors, ambulances…
Automotive Technik / BAE Systems Land Systems, Guildford United Kingdom
Two-axle
1978–83A forward-control all-wheel-drive truck of 1.5 tonnes payload on a welded space-frame chassis, with permanent four-wheel drive and an automatic gearbox as standard. It was built at Cumnock, Ayrshire, with a choice of…
Stonefield Vehicles United Kingdom
Three-axle
1978–83The long version of the Stonefield: the same forward-control space-frame design with a third, undriven axle, raising the payload to about 3 tonnes. Fire and airfield crash tenders were built on it.
Stonefield Vehicles United Kingdom
HMT
2007The British Army's weapons-mounted patrol vehicle: 4×4, three crew, 6,650 kg, the 5.9-litre Cummins ISBe of 185 bhp, 130 km/h, and a 12.7 mm heavy machine gun or a 40 mm grenade launcher.
Supacat, Honiton United Kingdom
ATMP
1982A very small 6×6: 3.44 m long, 2.03 m wide, 1.85 m high and 2,000 kg laden, with permanent six-wheel drive, two crew and up to eight troops, on a Volkswagen ADE 1.9 turbo-diesel of 78 bhp at 4,000 rpm and 164 N·m at…
Supacat, Dunkeswell United Kingdom
LJ, SJ and Jimny
1970–81The first Jimny: the LJ10 of April 1970, a kei-class 4x4 developed from the HopeStar ON360 that Suzuki bought when Hope Motor Company failed (about 45 had been built), with a 359 cc air-cooled two-stroke twin, a…
Suzuki, Kosai, Shizuoka Japan
LJ, SJ and Jimny
1981–98The Jimny that went worldwide: the SJ30 of 1981 (kei, 539 cc two-stroke), the 1.0-litre SJ410 and the 1.3-litre SJ413 of 1984, sold as the Samurai in North America from 1985, the Sierra in Australia, the Katana in…
Suzuki, Kosai, Shizuoka Japan
LJ, SJ and Jimny
1998–2018The third Jimny: the JB23 kei model of October 1998 with a 660 cc turbo and the export JB43 with the 1.3-litre M13A, keeping the ladder frame, live axles and two-speed transfer case while the rest of the class went…
Suzuki, Kosai, Shizuoka Japan
LJ, SJ and Jimny
2018The fourth Jimny: the JB64 kei and JB74 Sierra of July 2018, with a ladder frame, live axles, a two-speed transfer case, brake traction control and the 660 cc turbo or 1.5-litre K15B, and the five-door of 2023 built…
Suzuki, Kosai, Shizuoka Japan
Escudo, Vitara and Grand Vitara
1988–98The bigger Suzuki: the Escudo of July 1988, sold as the Vitara in Europe, the Sidekick in North America (1989) and the Geo and Chevrolet Tracker, with a ladder frame, coil-sprung front suspension, a two-speed…
Suzuki, Kosai, Shizuoka Japan
Escudo, Vitara and Grand Vitara
1998–2017The Grand Vitara of November 1997: a ladder-frame 4x4 with the 2.0 and 2.5 V6 and the long XL-7 of 2001, replaced in 2005 by a unibody with a built-in ladder frame, a longitudinal engine, a two-speed transfer case…
Suzuki, Kosai, Shizuoka Japan
Land Cruiser 20 Series
1955–60The first Land Cruiser sold under that name: the 20 Series of 1955–60, a civilian development of the 1951 Toyota Jeep BJ, on 90- and 96-inch wheelbases with the 3.9-litre F six-cylinder petrol engine from 1955.
Toyota Motor Corporation Japan
Land Cruiser 40 Series
1960–84The short-wheelbase 40 Series Land Cruiser, built in Japan from 1960 to 1984 on a 2,285 mm (90-inch) wheelbase: soft top or hard top, the 3.9-litre F six until 1975 and the 4.2-litre 2F after, with B, H and 2H…
Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Auto Body (Arakawa Auto Body / Araco) Japan
Land Cruiser 40 Series
1963–84The long-wheelbase 40 Series: pick-up, troop carrier, station wagon and cab-chassis bodies on 2,650 and 2,950 mm (104- and 116-inch) wheelbases, petrol (FJ45) or diesel (HJ45, from 1972). The working Land Cruiser of…
Toyota Motor Corporation Japan
Land Cruiser 55 Series
1967–80The first purpose-built Land Cruiser station wagon: a four-door body on a 2,700 mm (106-inch) wheelbase, 1967–80, with the F and 2F petrol sixes and the H diesel. Known as the 'Iron Pig' for its slab-sided body.
Toyota Motor Corporation Japan
Land Cruiser 60 Series
1980–90The 60 Series station wagon of 1980–90 on a 2,730 mm (107.5-inch) wheelbase: the 2F petrol six (FJ60), the 3F from 1988 (FJ62, with automatic transmission and square headlamps), and the 2H and turbocharged 12H-T…
Toyota Motor Corporation Japan
+2Land Cruiser 70 Series
1984The heavy-duty Land Cruiser of 1984 to the present: the 40 Series' successor as a working vehicle, on wheelbases from 2,310 mm (short 70/71) through 2,600 mm (medium 73/74) to 2,730 mm (75/78) and 3,180 mm (79…
Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Auto Body (Arakawa Auto Body / Araco) Japan
Land Cruiser 80 Series
1990–97The coil-sprung Land Cruiser wagon of 1990–97 on a 2,850 mm (112-inch) wheelbase: solid axles on coil springs, full-time four-wheel drive with a lockable centre differential, the 4.5-litre 1FZ-FE petrol six from 1992…
Toyota Motor Corporation Japan
Land Cruiser Prado 90 Series
1996–2002The first Prado on its own platform: the 90 Series of 1996–2002, a lighter Land Cruiser with independent front suspension on 2,450 mm (three-door) and 2,790 mm (five-door) wheelbases, sold as the Land Cruiser…
Toyota Motor Corporation Japan
Land Cruiser 100 Series
1998–2007The 100 Series wagon of 1998–2007 on a 2,850 mm (112-inch) wheelbase, the first Land Cruiser with a V8 (the 4.7-litre 2UZ-FE) and, on the 100, independent front suspension; the 105 kept the 80's solid front axle and…
Toyota Motor Corporation Japan
Land Cruiser 200 Series
2007–21The 200 Series of 2007–21: a 2,850 mm wheelbase wagon with the 4.7- then 5.7-litre UR V8 petrol engines and the 4.5-litre 1VD-FTV twin-turbo V8 diesel, independent front suspension, and Toyota's Kinetic Dynamic…
Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Auto Body (Arakawa Auto Body / Araco) Japan
Hilux 4WD
1979–83The first four-wheel-drive Hilux, from 1979: the third-generation pick-up with a leaf-sprung front beam axle, the 20R/22R petrol four and the L diesel, on the 2,585 mm (101.8-inch) standard and 2,835 mm long…
Toyota Motor Corporation, Hino Motors (Hamura plant) Japan
4Runner / Hilux Surf
1984–89The first 4Runner (Hilux Surf in Japan), 1984–89: a Hilux 4WD pick-up with a removable fibreglass rear roof and rear seats, on the 2,625 mm (103-inch) wheelbase, with the 22R/22R-E four, the 3VZ-E V6 from 1988 and…
Toyota Motor Corporation Japan
FJ Cruiser
2006–14A retro-styled wagon of 2006–14 on the Prado 120 platform (2,690 mm / 105.9-inch wheelbase) recalling the FJ40 — round headlamps, white roof, wrap-around rear glass — with the 4.0-litre 1GR-FE V6 and part-time or…
Toyota Motor Corporation, Hino Motors (Hamura plant) Japan
Sno-Cat
1946Four independently mounted sets of tracks, one at each corner, each on its own pontoon and each steering — the layout that separates a Tucker from every other truck-sized snow vehicle.
Tucker Sno-Cat Corporation, Medford United States
Terra
2000The current model: four articulating all-rubber tracks, for traction on steep ground and in blizzards and a gentle footprint on snow.
Tucker Sno-Cat Corporation, Medford United States
UAZ-450 / 452 Bukhanka
1965–85The Bukhanka (“loaf”): the 1965–85 UAZ-452 forward-control four-wheel drive with the UMZ 2.45-litre four, a 2,300 mm wheelbase and a 3-speed gearbox with two-speed transfer case, as van, ambulance (“Tabletka”)…
Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant (UAZ) Russia
+1UAZ-450 / 452 Bukhanka
1985The Bukhanka since 1985 under its GOST designations: the 2206 minibus, 3741 van, 3303 pick-up, 3909 and 39625 combi/Farmer and 3962 ambulance, with the 2.7-litre ZMZ-409 and UMZ-4213 engines and, from 2010, fuel…
Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant (UAZ) Russia
UAZ-469 / 3151 / Hunter
1985–2003The 469 under its 1985 designations: the 3151 military and 31512 civilian soft tops, the 31514 hard top and the 31519 with the 2.9-litre UMZ-4218, built through the Soviet collapse for the Russian Army, the militia…
Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant (UAZ) Russia
UAZ-469 / 3151 / Hunter
2003The 469 continued: the UAZ Hunter (315195) since 2003 with the 2.7-litre ZMZ-409 injected four, a five-speed gearbox, disc front brakes and a hard top, sold to hunters, farmers, the police and the Russian forces…
Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant (UAZ) Russia
Simbir 3160
1997–2005UAZ’s first new body since 1971: the 1997–2005 3160 Simbir wagon on a 2,400 mm wheelbase (3162 on 2,760 mm) with coil-sprung front, the 2.9 UMZ and 2.7 ZMZ fours, a five-speed gearbox and the 469’s frame and axles…
Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant (UAZ) Russia
Patriot, Pickup and Cargo
2005The mid-size body-on-frame UAZ since 2005: the Patriot (3163) on a 2,760 mm wheelbase with the 2.7-litre ZMZ-409 four (and the Iveco 2.3 and ZMZ-5143 diesels), a Dymos five-speed and part-time four-wheel drive with a…
Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant (UAZ) Russia
Patriot, Pickup and Cargo
2008The Patriot as a truck since 2008: the four-door UAZ Pickup (23632) on a 3,000 mm wheelbase and the single-cab UAZ Cargo (23602) with a flatbed or box, the same 2.7 ZMZ-409 and part-time four-wheel drive, for…
Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant (UAZ) Russia
Cournil 4x4
1979–85The Portuguese Cournil: Bernard Cournil’s design built by UMM under the 1977 licence, first as the UMM 4x4 Cournil in Randonneur, Tracteur and Entrepreneur versions and from 1980 as the UMM 4x4 in the long…
União Metalo-Mecânica (UMM), Lisbon, Movauto, Setúbal Portugal
Alter
1985–86The Alter, later called the Alter I: the Cournil restyled by the Portuguese architect Carlos Galamba, who had designed the SADO 550, with a new front, a fibre dashboard, Mangel wheels, a new rear door and better…
União Metalo-Mecânica (UMM), Lisbon Portugal
Alter
1986–96The Alter II of 1986: a new Peugeot four-speed gearbox, a new UMM transfer box, new suspension and sound insulation on the Alter body, assembled by Movauto at Pontes, Setúbal, for sale across Europe. The 2.5-litre…
União Metalo-Mecânica (UMM), Lisbon, Movauto, Setúbal Portugal
Alter
1998–2004The last UMM: a revised Alter II with Peugeot’s XUD11BTE 2.1-litre turbodiesel of 110 PS, quieter and more economical with more torque, a BA10/5 five-speed gearbox with longer ratios, Dana 30 front and Dana 44 rear…
União Metalo-Mecânica (UMM), Lisbon Portugal
Carden-Loyd
1928–35The two-man tracked machine-gun carrier from which the British carrier family descends: 2.5 m long, about 1.5 long tons, a Ford Model T engine of 22.5 bhp and 6–9 mm of armour, built from 1928. About 450 Carden-Loyd…
Vickers-Armstrongs, Carden-Loyd Tractors, Chertsey United Kingdom
Dragon tractors
1929–35The tracked field-artillery tractor Vickers-Armstrongs made from 1929 to 1935 to tow small-calibre guns, the light partner of the Medium Dragon. Marks I and IA ran on Light Tank Mk II running gear, the Mark II series…
Vickers-Armstrongs United Kingdom
Dragon tractors
1934An unarmoured, open tracked light truck of about 2 tons that Belgium ordered from Vickers-Armstrongs in 1934 — 21 or 23 of them — to tow the Bofors 75 mm Model 1934 mountain gun for the Chasseurs Ardennais.
Vickers-Armstrongs United Kingdom
Bren and Scout carriers
1936–40The first British carriers, developed from Vickers-Armstrongs' VA D50 of 1934: the Carrier, Machine-Gun No. 1 and No. 2, the Bren, Scout and Cavalry carriers and the armoured observation post, each laid out for one…
Vickers-Armstrongs, Thornycroft, Basingstoke United Kingdom
Universal Carrier
1940–60The most-produced armoured fighting vehicle in history: about 113,000 carriers of all types were built between 1934 and 1960 in Britain, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and the United States. The Universal of 1940…
State Engineering, Vickers-Armstrongs United Kingdom, Australia
Wartime
1941–44The four-wheel-drive Beetle: a Type 60 saloon body on the Kübelwagen and Schwimmwagen running gear, built for senior Wehrmacht officers from 1941 to 1944. Wikipedia gives 564 built; other accounts say 669.
Volkswagenwerk, Fallersleben Germany
Wartime
1941–44The most-produced amphibious car in history: 15,584 built between 1941 and 1944 — 14,276 at Fallersleben and 1,308 by Porsche at Stuttgart — with a 1,131 cc air-cooled flat-four of 25 hp, ZF self-locking…
Volkswagenwerk, Fallersleben, Porsche, Stuttgart Germany
Iltis
1978–88The Bundeswehr’s light four-wheel drive, 1978–88: developed by Audi from the DKW Munga, 3,880 mm long on a 2,020 mm wheelbase and 1,300 kg, with a 1.7-litre petrol four of 75 PS or a 1.6-litre diesel. 9,547 were…
Volkswagen, Ingolstadt (Audi design) Germany
Transporter Syncro
1984–92The four-wheel-drive Transporter: the T3 Syncro of 1984–92, converted by Steyr-Daimler-Puch at Graz with a viscous coupling to the front axle and locking differentials, on a 2,455–2,480 mm wheelbase. 45,478 were built.
Magna Steyr (Steyr-Daimler-Puch), Graz Germany, Austria
Taro
1994–97Volkswagen’s one-tonne pick-up, and a Toyota: the Taro was a rebadged fifth-generation Hilux, built from February 1989 to March 1997. The four-wheel-drive version arrived in September 1994 with an extended cabin on a…
Toyota Motor Corporation Japan
Touareg
2002–18Volkswagen’s large four-wheel drive, built at Bratislava from 2002: the first generation (7L, 2002–10) on a 2,855 mm wheelbase and the second (7P, 2010–18) on 2,893 mm, with the 4XMOTION package’s two-speed transfer…
Volkswagen Bratislava Slovakia
Amarok
2010Volkswagen’s own one-tonne pick-up: the first generation (2H, 2010–) on a 3,090–3,095 mm wheelbase, built at General Pacheco in Argentina and, from mid-2012, at Hannover; and the second (NF, from 2022), built by Ford…
Volkswagen, General Pacheco, Ford, Silverton, Pretoria Argentina, South Africa
TP21 Sugga
1953–58The “Sow”: Volvo’s 1953–58 TP21 (P2104), a four-wheel-drive radio and staff car for the Swedish Army built from the PV830 taxi body on a TL31 truck chassis with the 3.6-litre B4B side-valve six, a two-speed transfer…
Volvo (Lundby, Gothenburg) Sweden
L3314 Laplander and C202
1961–70The Laplander: Volvo’s forward-control light four-wheel drive of 1961–70 with the 1.8-litre B18 four, portal axles, locking differentials and a 2,100 mm wheelbase, adopted by the Swedish Army as the Pltgb 903 in…
Volvo (Lundby, Gothenburg) Sweden
C303, C304 and C306
1974–84The Laplander’s successor: the C303 of 1974–84 with the 3.0-litre B30 six (125 hp civilian, 117 hp military), portal axles with locking differentials, a 2,300 mm wheelbase and 4x4 drive, the Swedish Army’s Tgb 11 and…
Volvo (Lundby, Gothenburg) Sweden
C303, C304 and C306
1974–84The six-wheeled C303: the C304 (Tgb 13) with a driven bogie adding a 1,000 mm axle behind the 2,300 mm wheelbase, six-wheel drive with portal axles and locks, for the Swedish Army’s radio, command and troop-carrier…
Volvo (Lundby, Gothenburg) Sweden
C303, C304 and C306
1974–84The long six-wheeler: the C306 (Tgb 20) on a 2,700 mm plus 1,000 mm wheelbase with six-wheel drive, portal axles and a two-tonne payload, the Swedish Army’s ambulance, radio and cargo truck and the largest of the…
Volvo (Lundby, Gothenburg) Sweden
Scout car
1939–44White's four-wheel-drive scout car: an open armoured hull for eight men on the Hercules JXD six of 110 hp, 5.67 tonnes, 20,918 built between 1939 and 1944.
White Motor Company, Cleveland United States
Half-tracks
1941–45The personnel carrier of the half-track family: a larger M2 with a rear door and five more seats, a driver and twelve men, two M1919s and an M2 Browning, on the White 160AX six of 148 hp, 17,650 lb.
White Motor Company, Cleveland United States
Half-tracks
1940–43The shorter half-track the M3 grew from: two crew, nine tonnes, the White 160AX of 148 hp, drawn as an artillery tractor and used for reconnaissance and machine-gun squads as well.
White Motor Company, Cleveland United States
666
1941–45White's six-ton 6×6: a standardised American design carrying six short tons over any ground, on the 855 cu in Hercules HXD L-head six of 202 hp, 37 mph and 200 miles.
White Motor Company, Cleveland United States
Willys licence
1953–55Zastava's first four-wheel drives: Willys off-road vehicles built at Kragujevac from 1953, two years before the Fiat licence that replaced them.
Zastava, Kragujevac Serbia
AR series
1954–55The first Campagnola built at Kragujevac under the Fiat licence: 17 were delivered to the Yugoslav People's Army by the end of 1954, on the Fiat 1101's four-wheel-drive chassis with its 1,901 cc four.
Zastava, Kragujevac Serbia
AR series
1955–74The Yugoslav People's Army's standard light truck for two decades: 9,089 AR-55s built at Kragujevac between 1955 and 1974 on the Fiat 1101 chassis, with the 1,901 cc four in petrol and diesel forms.
Zastava, Kragujevac Serbia
Series II
1959–67The Australian Army's four-stretcher "Bloodbox" — a 109-inch Land Rover carrying a tall, insulated aluminium medical body designed by the Army Design Establishment and built by Pressed Metal Corporation in Sydney.…
Pressed Metal Corporation Australia
Perentie
1989–92'Truck, Ambulance, Light, 4 Litter, FFR, Winch, MC2' — the Australian Army's front-line field ambulance from 1989, a Perentie 6×6 carrying a self-contained, demountable fibreglass treatment module for four stretcher…
JRA Limited (Jaguar Rover Australia) Australia
Perentie
1989–92The box-bodied working 6×6s: General Maintenance, Electronic Repair and COMSEC Repair Perenties, each carrying an insulated fibreglass module roughly 3 m long, 2 m high and 2.4 m wide in place of the cargo tray. The…
JRA Limited (Jaguar Rover Australia) Australia
Perentie
1989–92The two-tonne cargo truck of the Perentie 6×6 range — 'Truck, Cargo, Light, MC2' — an open tray with hoops and a canvas tilt, outward-facing bench seats for twelve in the back and three in the cab. It was the most…
JRA Limited (Jaguar Rover Australia) Australia
Perentie
1989The Long Range Patrol Vehicle is the open-bodied 6×6 Perentie built exclusively for Australia's Special Air Service Regiment - 27 were produced, and they carried SASR patrols through Kuwait, Afghanistan and Iraq…
JRA Limited (Jaguar Rover Australia) Australia
Perentie
1986–92The rare closed-body end of the Perentie 4×4 range: panel-van Survey trucks, Carryall station wagons for personnel and senior commanders, and a pair of hard-top Command Post prototypes. All share a 'safari' tropical…
JRA Limited (Jaguar Rover Australia) Australia
Perentie
1987–92The canvas-tilt workhorse of the Australian Army's Perentie fleet: 'Truck, Utility, Lightweight, MC2', a one-tonne drop-side tray with hoops and a tilt, carrying eight troops or a tonne of stores. With 1,222 built…
JRA Limited (Jaguar Rover Australia) Australia
Perentie
1980sOpen-body configuration of the shared Perentie 4×4 model, with the roof and door tops removed. The Creator offers an optional NAS cage or canvas hoops.
JRA Limited (Jaguar Rover Australia) Australia
Defender
1984–2016The short-wheelbase member of Land Rover's coil-sprung utility line, launched as the Ninety in 1984 and badged Defender 90 from 1990 until production ended in January 2016 — the last Defender built was a 90 Heritage…
United Kingdom
Defender
1983–2016The 110-inch-wheelbase core of Land Rover's coil-sprung utility line, launched as the One Ten in 1983 and badged Defender 110 from 1990; built as station wagon, hard top and pickup until production ended in January 2016.
United Kingdom
Series II
1961–82British military field ambulance on the Land Rover 109-inch chassis, with a raised two-to-four-stretcher body built chiefly by Marshall of Cambridge to the MoD's FV18044 specification. Around 2,000 served the British…
Marshall of Cambridge, Mickleover Transport United Kingdom
Series III
1970–76Rapid-intervention airfield crash rescue truck of the RAF and Royal Navy, built by HCB-Angus on uprated 1-Ton-specification Land Rover 109 chassis to reach a crashed aircraft and begin rescue work ahead of the major…
HCB-Angus United Kingdom
Range Rover Classic
1977–87Six-wheeled Range Rover airfield crash rescue truck of the RAF and Royal Navy, built on the Carmichael-developed 6×4 Commando chassis with bodies by Gloster Saro, Carmichael and HCB-Angus, and famed as one of the…
Carmichael & Sons, Gloster Saro United Kingdom
Series II
1958Four-track bogie conversion of the Series Land Rover by James A. Cuthbertson Ltd of Biggar, Scotland: the complete vehicle sits on a sprocket-driven tracked subframe that cuts ground pressure to about 1.9 psi for…
James A. Cuthbertson Ltd United Kingdom
Defender
1978–84Half-track military multi-role vehicle built 1978-1984 by Laird (Anglesey) Ltd: a Land Rover V8 front end mated to shortened Alvis Scorpion CVR(T) running gear. Despite trials in Oman and Norway only two of the seven…
Laird (Anglesey) Ltd United Kingdom
Series II
1958–64Short-wheelbase companion to the Australian Army's 109″ fleet: the first Series 2 88″ ¼-ton trucks entered service in early 1959 from CKD kits assembled by Pressed Metal Corporation in Sydney, followed in 1963–64 by…
Pressed Metal Corporation United Kingdom, Australia
Series II
1958–59The Australian Army's first Series 2 Land Rovers: 88″ trucks designated Command and Reconnaissance ¼-ton, delivered from December 1958 in gloss Deep Bronze Green with only light militarisation over the civilian…
Pressed Metal Corporation United Kingdom, Australia
Series II
1959–72General-service 109″ Land Rovers of the Australian Army, bought from around 1960 as near-civilian Series 2s and then as heavily modified Series 2A ¾-ton GS trucks, locally assembled at Pressed Metal Corporation in…
Pressed Metal Corporation United Kingdom, Australia
Defender
1993–2011The Panama was a remotely operated route-proving vehicle of the British Armed Forces: a surplus Snatch Land Rover converted for unmanned operation and fitted with a boom-mounted ground-penetrating radar to find…
MIRA Ltd, PA Consulting Group United Kingdom
Defender
1992The Snatch Land Rover is a protected patrol vehicle built on the heavy-duty Defender 110 chassis with NP Aerospace's CAV 100 composite armour, introduced in 1992 for Northern Ireland and later deployed —…
NP Aerospace United Kingdom
Defender
1996The Land Rover Wolf (Defender XD, in service as Truck Utility Light/Medium HS) is the strengthened 300 Tdi-powered military Defender ordered by the UK Ministry of Defence in January 1996 — roughly 8,000 vehicles that…
United Kingdom
Defender
1998The WMIK (Weapons Mount Installation Kit, 'wimik') is the open-topped reconnaissance and fire-support variant of the Wolf TUM HS, developed by Ricardo with Land Rover from the late 1990s: stripped of its roof and…
Ricardo plc United Kingdom
Defender
1985The SAS's Land Rover 110 Desert Patrol Vehicle — a Glover Webb-converted, V8-powered open 110 High Capacity Pick-Up adopted from 1985 to replace the Series IIA 'Pink Panthers', and still nicknamed the 'Pinkie' even…
Glover Webb United Kingdom
Santana Series (88/109)
1969Long-wheelbase military Land Rover developed by Spain's Santana works at Linares — the Militar 109, an angular flat-fronted troop carrier built for the Spanish armed forces from around 1969 alongside the…
Santana Motor (Metalúrgica de Santa Ana) Spain
Cab-over · Medical body
1972–78Ambulance variant of the Land Rover 101 Forward Control, the V8-powered one-tonne cab-over gun tractor built for the British military between 1972 and 1978, with four-stretcher ambulance bodywork by Marshall of…
Marshall of Cambridge United Kingdom
Series III
1968–84The Land Rover ½-ton Lightweight (Air-Portable) was a stripped-down, narrowed military Land Rover built from 1968 to 1984 so that a serviceable vehicle could be slung beneath a Westland Wessex helicopter or…
United Kingdom
Series IIA
1968The 'Pink Panther' was the SAS's long-range desert patrol vehicle of the late 1960s and 1970s: 72 Series IIA 109s converted by Marshall of Cambridge, stripped of doors, roof and windscreen, laden with fuel, water and…
Marshall of Cambridge United Kingdom
Series IIA
1965–68The first production Shorland Armoured Patrol Car, built by Short Brothers & Harland on a 109 in Series IIA military chassis with 7.25 mm armour and a Ferret-style turret mounting a .30 in Browning. About 100 were…
Short Brothers United Kingdom
Series I
1952–56Armoured 'Blindé' variant of the Belgian Minerva TT Series I 80", built around 1955 with quarter-inch frontal plate, bulletproof glass and multiple machine-gun mounts for the parachute reconnaissance units of the…
Minerva Belgium
Series I
1952–56Field ambulance conversion of the Minerva TT, the Belgian-built Series I 80" Land Rover produced under Rover licence at Mortsel from 1952 to 1956, carrying two stretchers under an extended tilt for the Belgian Army…
Minerva Belgium
Defender
1996The British Army's battlefield ambulance of the Wolf era: a Marshall of Cambridge box body on the ultra-long Defender 130 (XD) chassis, procured under Project Pulse alongside the Wolf 90/110 order of January 1996 —…
Marshall of Cambridge United Kingdom
Central driving position · Prototype
1947The very first Land Rover: a one-off 1947 engineering prototype with a centrally mounted steering wheel, built on a war-surplus Jeep chassis to prove Maurice Wilks' idea of an agricultural 4x4. The original vanished…
United Kingdom
Defender
2015One-off Defender 90 created in 2015 by Land Rover's Special Vehicle Operations with fashion designer Sir Paul Smith, its exterior panels finished in 27 individually chosen colours.
United Kingdom
Series II
19591959 Series II 109 pickup formerly owned by actors Daniel Craig and Rachel Weisz, sold on Bring a Trailer in August 2026 with the couple's handwritten farewell note.
United Kingdom
Series I
1954–58A real Land Rover Series One 107 ute restomod offered by Brooklyn Coachworks and built in collaboration with Land Rover fabricator Timm Cooper: a refurbished 107-inch tray-back body on Rovertracks-converted Range…
Brooklyn Coachworks United Kingdom, United States
Series III
1976–77Red Series III truck cab THP 36R, the working Land Rover of Bolton steeplejack and television personality Fred Dibnah, signwritten 'F. DIBNAH & SONS - STEEPLEJACK' and fitted with a ladder gantry.
United Kingdom
Series II
2024A real vehicle: the tray-back 109 ute run by Jack Oliver Dobson — the Brisbane-based classic Land Rover restorer who posts as 'Dobbo Down Under' — and known in his workshop as the 'Shop Truck'. Bought with sound…
Jack Oliver Dobson United Kingdom, Australia
Series I
1955'Oxford' (SNX 891) is one of the two Series I 86" Station Wagons of the 1955-56 Oxford & Cambridge Far Eastern Expedition - the 'First Overland' from London to Singapore. Recovered from St Helena and rebuilt in 2017…
United Kingdom
Range Rover Classic
1982Armoured Range Rover popemobile with a raised bullet-resistant glass enclosure, one of two designed by Ogle Design for Pope John Paul II's 1982 visit to Britain - the first bulletproof popemobiles.
Ogle Design United Kingdom
Defender
2011–15'Bigfoot' Defender 110 double cab stunt vehicles built by Bowler for Jaguar Land Rover Special Operations for the 2015 James Bond film Spectre - ten built on Santorini Black crew cabs with 37-inch tyres, roll cages…
Bowler United Kingdom
Series I
1958One of six open ceremonial 88″ review Land Rovers assembled from knocked-down kits by Pressed Metal Corporation in Sydney in 1958, finished in Royal Claret with chrome handrails and blue royal lamps for the Queen…
Pressed Metal Corporation United Kingdom, Australia
Defender
2000–25Long-wheelbase Defender 110 rescue ambulances of the North Dartmoor Search and Rescue Team, Okehampton - stretcher-carrying, radio-equipped 4×4s that take rescuers and casualties across the highest ground on Dartmoor.
United Kingdom
Series I
1949–58Factory-built fire tender on the Series I Land Rover, sold by Rover from the late 1940s with a power-take-off-driven pump, hoses and equipment lockers for estate, works and rural brigades.
Carmichael & Sons United Kingdom
Defender
1986The Land Rover Tangi is an armoured police vehicle designed and built in-house by the Royal Ulster Constabulary's own vehicle engineers on the Land Rover Defender 110 chassis, entering service in Belfast in January…
RUC Vehicle Engineering, Seapark United Kingdom
Series II
1961–75Motor-caravan conversion of the 109 Land Rover Station Wagon by Martin Walter Ltd of Folkestone, with the firm's trademark side-hinged elevating roof, bunks, cooker and sink. Roughly a thousand were converted between…
Martin Walter Ltd (Dormobile) United Kingdom
Series I
1948–51The first Land Rover Station Wagon: a seven-seat, aluminium-panelled, wood-framed estate body built by coachbuilder Tickford of Newport Pagnell on the 80-inch Series I chassis from 1948 to 1951. Taxed as a private…
Tickford Ltd United Kingdom
110″ · Forward cab & canvas load bed
1966–72Land Rover's improved factory forward-control truck of 1966-1972: cab over engine on a 110-inch wheelbase with wider heavy-duty ENV axles for a 30cwt payload. Just 2,305 were built, more than half with the 2.6-litre…
United Kingdom
Series IIA
1961–66High-clearance forestry conversion of the 109 Land Rover by Roadless Traction Ltd of Hounslow, riding on huge tractor wheels so it could straddle plantation plough furrows. Launched in 1961 after Forestry Commission…
Roadless Traction Ltd United Kingdom
Defender
1984–89The Camel Trophy 110 represents the Sandglow-yellow Land Rover One Ten/110 team vehicles of the Camel Trophy, the 'Olympics of 4x4' endurance event that ran from 1980 to 2000 and used Land Rovers from 1981 to 1998.
United Kingdom
Series III
1979A real vehicle: 'Leyland', a 1979 Series III airfield crash rescue (ACR) ambulance with a Marshall of Cambridge body, and the founding project of UK-linked restorer The Meteor Works. It served the Royal Air Force at…
The Meteor Works United Kingdom
Series III
1971–85The standard long-wheelbase workhorse of the British armed forces through the 1970s and 1980s: the Series III 109 in General Service (GS) trim, with canvas tilt, military bumper and bonnet-mounted spare wheel.
United Kingdom
Santana Ligero
1969Santana's short-wheelbase light military Land Rover — the 88 Militar of 1969, popularly known as the Ligero — an angular, narrow-bodied Spanish counterpart to the British Lightweight, built at Linares for the Spanish…
Santana Motor (Metalúrgica de Santa Ana) Spain
Series III
1971–85Long-wheelbase Series Land Rovers served the Royal Hong Kong Police in their hundreds from the 1960s into the 1990s, painted in the force's post-1967 dark navy blue with the Royal crest, bilingual POLICE signs and…
United Kingdom
Range Rover L322
2001–12UK police forces ran the third-generation Range Rover (L322) as a motorway patrol flagship in white Battenburg livery; this record's subject, Cheshire Constabulary's 2004 4.4 V8 DK54 HSU, was the force's last Range…
United Kingdom
Range Rover Classic
1992–2001Armoured, stretched Range Rover Classics converted by S. MacNeillie & Son for the Ministry of Defence Police Special Escort Group, which rode close escort on the Trident nuclear-warhead convoys between AWE Burghfield…
S. MacNeillie & Son Ltd United Kingdom
Cab-over prototype · Enclosed cargo box
1985–88Land Rover's cancelled mid-1980s forward-control project — officially the 110 Forward Control, codenamed Llama — built on a strengthened One Ten chassis with a tilting glass-fibre cab to replace the MoD's 101 gun…
United Kingdom
Defender
1987–90Turkish Otokar-built Defender 90 'gunship' — a split-screen soft-top mounting the 105 mm M40A1 recoilless rifle as a mobile anti-armour portée, fielded by Turkish forces.
Otokar Turkey
Defender
1987Otokar's soft-top military Defenders — open patrol and weapons-mount Defender 90s and canvas-topped 110/130 troop and cargo carriers built under Land Rover licence in Turkey from 1987 for the Turkish Armed Forces and…
Otokar Turkey
Series II
1963–64Australian Army "Gunbuggy": a stripped 88″ Series 2/2A Land Rover rebuilt by RAEME workshops to carry the M40A1 106 mm recoilless rifle as a shoot-and-scoot anti-tank vehicle — 69 were converted and the type served…
RAEME 3 Base Workshop, Ford Motor Company of Australia Australia, United Kingdom
Series III
1979–85The Series III Stage 1 V8 (1979-1985) squeezed the Range Rover's detuned 3.5-litre V8 and LT95 permanent four-wheel drive into the leaf-sprung Series III body, making it the only Series Land Rover with constant 4WD…
United Kingdom
Santana Series (88/109)
1977Spain's licence-built Land Rovers from Metalúrgica de Santa Ana in Linares gained an engine Solihull never offered: Santana's own 3,429 cc six-cylinder diesel, built by adding two cylinders to the 2.25-litre four and…
Santana Motor (Metalúrgica de Santa Ana) Spain
Defender
1985–2016The long-wheelbase chassis-cab and crew-cab workhorse of the Defender line, introduced as the Land Rover 127 in 1985 and badged Defender 130 from 1990 while keeping its 127-inch wheelbase; the standard platform for…
United Kingdom
CVR(T)
1978The original petrol FV103 Spartan is the low-roof CVR(T) personnel carrier, with a commander cupola and machine gun in place of the reconnaissance turret.
Alvis, Coventry United Kingdom
CVR(T)
1973The original FV107 Scimitar used the CVR(T) hull with a long 30 mm cannon and three crew. This British petrol model precedes the later diesel and Mk2 hull upgrades.
Alvis, Coventry United Kingdom
FV600
1966–71956 Mk 2s: the British Army took 932 and 24 were exported. Empty 8,636 kg, laden 14,224 kg, five tonnes of payload.
Alvis, Coventry United Kingdom
Armoured Car
1940The Besa-armed marks: 15 mm and 7.92 mm machine guns, three crew, or four in the Mk III.
Humber Limited (Rootes Group), Coventry United Kingdom
Simba
1993–97The Philippines' 150: eight delivered as complete kits and the rest assembled at Subic Bay. By 2003 the fleet was 123 personnel carriers, 17 ambulances, 9 infantry fighting vehicles with a 25 mm gun and one command…
GKN Sankey United Kingdom
4.1-litre petrol six · 40 mm gun · Turret smoke
1943–45The improved car: a better turret, a modified gun mount, a bigger radiator and an escape hatch for the driver.
The Daimler Company, Coventry United Kingdom
2.5-litre petrol six · Folding roof · Front steering
1940The main production Dingo: four-wheel steering deleted, a 38-foot turning circle, 30 mm of frontal armour and 12 mm at the sides.
The Daimler Company, Coventry United Kingdom
1.1-litre water-cooled four · Hard-top utility
1992–2002The last name and the last engine: the 969M renamed LuAZ-1302, with a 1.1-litre MeMZ-245-20 four in place of the air-cooled V4.
Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant (UAZ), LuAZ, Lutsk Ukraine, Russia
37 hp air-cooled V4 · Modernised amphibious transporter
1967–75The modernised TPK, with a higher-powered engine.
Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant (UAZ), LuAZ, Lutsk Ukraine, Russia
1987–92 · 4.0-litre six · Four-door compact wagon
1987–92The 1987–92 Cherokee Limited: the 4.0-litre High Output six, an automatic gearbox, Selec-Trac, leather, monochrome paint with gold pinstripes and alloy wheels — the top XJ of the Chrysler years.
Chrysler (Jeep), Toledo United States
1967–69 · 3.8-litre six · 1¼-ton cargo truck
1967–69The military Gladiator: the Kaiser Jeep M715 of 1967–69, a J-series with a 230 Tornado six, a 1¼-ton rating, a soft-top military cab and a drop-side bed, with the M725 ambulance and M726 maintenance truck; about…
Kaiser Jeep Corporation, American Motors Corporation (Jeep Corporation) United States
1988–93 · 2.5-litre four · Beach-trim soft top
1988–93The Islander of 1988–93: a YJ in bright colours with a sunset-and-palm bonnet decal, striped seats, a Tahitian soft top and alloy wheels, sold as the beach Wrangler.
Chrysler (Jeep), Toledo United States
1977–79 · 5.9-litre V8 · Two-door wagon, gold package
1977–79The Golden Eagle Cherokee of 1977–79: a Chief with the eagle bonnet decal, gold wheels and lettering, Levi’s tan interior and Thrush Brown paint — a graphics package on the wide-track two-door.
American Motors Corporation (Jeep Corporation) United States
1984–91 · 5.9-litre V8 · Luxury four-door wagon
1984–91The SJ Wagoneer’s final form, 1984–91: Grand Wagoneer badging, the 360 V8 and Selec-Trac, leather and wood-grain, built by AMC and then Chrysler at 14,000–20,000 a year until June 1991.
American Motors Corporation (Jeep Corporation), Chrysler (Jeep), Toledo United States
1995–97 · 1.7-litre petrol four · Export edition three-door
1995–97The British Nivas: the Cossack, with a Rover-designed grille, roof rails, running boards, fifteen-inch alloy wheels, a bull bar and semi-bucket seats, and the plainer Hussar, sold by Lada Cars UK before Lada withdrew…
AvtoVAZ, Tolyatti Russia
Pinzgauer 4x4 and 6x6
1986–2000Austrian-built second-generation 718 six-wheel troop carrier with a Volkswagen 2.4-litre turbo-diesel six, tubular backbone and portal axles.
Magna Steyr (Steyr-Daimler-Puch), Graz Austria
Series II
1961The 1961 Series II 109-inch twelve-seater station wagon of Imperial College's 1966 Minas de Lípez expedition: bought second-hand for £550, fitted with heavy-duty rear springs, Michelin XY tyres, a home-made roof…
United Kingdom
Defender
2008–09Beatrice, the orange Defender 110 supplied to Atlantic Rising for its 2009–10 environmental education expedition.
United Kingdom
Defender
2001Chuma, one of the white Defenders of the 2001–02 Capricorn expedition.
United Kingdom
Defender
2001Susi, one of the white Defenders of the 2001–02 Capricorn expedition.
United Kingdom
Defender
1988–89The One Ten driven by Bob and Joe Ives to the British team’s 1989 Camel Trophy victory.
United Kingdom
Defender
1988–89The sandglow One Ten station wagon prepared for the 1989 Amazon Camel Trophy.
United Kingdom
1974 · Trans-Sahara veteran · Rubery Owen powered trailer
1974Tail End Charlie, the last of four 1974 expedition 101s, with its Rubery Owen powered trailer.
United Kingdom
Series I
2191 NX, the two-tone blue Series I station wagon used on the first Encounter Overland journey in 1964.
United Kingdom
Series IIA
1960sHelen and Frank Schreider’s short-wheelbase Land Rover on their National Geographic Great Rift assignment.
United Kingdom
Series II
1960The blue Series II 109 station wagon photographed with the Berliet-Tchad convoy at Fort-Lamy in 1960.
United Kingdom
Series I
1952RPG 559, the 1952 Series I 80-inch used by Bill Melbourne, David Hyde and Ian Gartshore for their 1960 Africa and Americas aviation survey.
United Kingdom
Series II
1959A Series II 88-inch scout from the Berliet Ténéré desert mission of 1959–60.
United Kingdom, Algeria
Series II
1959A Series II 109-inch scout from the Berliet Ténéré desert mission of 1959–60.
United Kingdom, Algeria
Series I
1958The long-wheelbase pickup used by Antonia Deacock, Anne Davies and Eve Sims for the 1958 Women’s Overland Himalayan Expedition.
United Kingdom
Series I
1957VAC 433, Mzuri: the Series I 107-inch station wagon used by George and Jinx Rodger for their 1957 Trans-Sahara expedition.
United Kingdom
Series I
1956The blue-grey Series I 107-inch station wagon driven to India by Lloyd and Susanne Rudolph in 1956.
United Kingdom
Series I
1951WBD 1462, the Series I 80-inch driven from Calcutta to Calais by W. P. Mitchell and Jimmy Mandle in 1951.
United Kingdom
Defender
2013The red, snow-covered Defender of Felicity Aston’s Pole of Cold expedition, 2013–14.
United Kingdom
Defender
2010Lottie, the silver Defender 110 used by the 2010 Fault Line Living expedition.
Defender
2007The white expedition-equipped Defender station wagons used by the Holgates on their 2007–08 journey around Africa.
Defender
2005–06A Tangiers Orange Defender 110 Td5 used for support duties on the 2006 G4 Challenge.
Defender
2002–03A Tangiers Orange Defender 110 Td5 prepared for the first Land Rover G4 Challenge in 2003.
Series I
1948–98Philip Avery's family-owned 1948 Series I, LAND48, in its Lucas Trans-Global Expedition livery.
Defender
1988A sandglow turbo-diesel One Ten prepared for the 1988 Sulawesi Camel Trophy, following the surviving Italian team's vehicle.
Defender
1986A sandglow Ninety in the 1986 Camel Trophy convoy configuration photographed crossing the Daintree River.
Defender
1985The Italy 1 Ninety driven by Flavio Dematteis and Stefano Gasi during the 1985 Camel Trophy in Indonesian Borneo.
Defender
1983–84A One Ten in the German team configuration used for the 1984 Camel Trophy in Brazil.
United Kingdom
Series III
1983The long-wheelbase Series III station wagon supporting the 1983 Camel Trophy teams in Zaire.
Series III
1983The short-wheelbase Series III station wagon used by the seven competing teams in the 1983 Camel Trophy.
Series III
1979Ginny Fiennes’ mobile HF radio station, with its tall rear whip aerial, on the 1979 Transglobe Sahara crossing.
Series III
1979A Series III 109-inch station wagon representing the two Land Rovers on Transglobe’s 1979 Sahara crossing.
Series IIA
1963The red 1963 Series IIA 88-inch hard top accompanying the Leyland brothers on the 1966 west-to-east crossing of Australia.
United Kingdom
Series I
1956The Leyland brothers’ red 1956 Series I 107-inch station wagon, extensively modified for their 1966 west-to-east crossing of Australia.
Australia
Series IIA
1961Barbara Toy’s 109-inch Dormobile, registration 5751 WD, used on her 1961 Sahara journey described in The Way of the Chariots.
Martin Walter Ltd (Dormobile) United Kingdom
Series II
1959La Cucaracha Cariñosa, the Toronto-based team’s Series II 88 station wagon on the 1959–60 Trans-Darién expedition.
Series IIA
1968Car 99 of the 1968 Daily Express London–Sydney Marathon, registration FPP 999G: a blue Series IIA 109 station wagon entered by a 17th/21st Lancers army crew, which finished 49th of the 56 classified finishers.
United Kingdom
Series I
1955Peter Townsend’s UWD 435, the light-grey Series I hard top used for his solo journey recounted in Earth, My Friend.
Series I
1955A representative Series I canvas Land Rover from Laurens van der Post’s 1955 BBC Kalahari filming expedition, reconstructed from contemporary monochrome footage.
Series III
1973Margaret, The Iron Landy is a black 1973 Shorland Mk3 armoured Land Rover Series III based in Las Vegas, Nevada. Available for films, events and charity appearances; contact The Iron Landy on Instagram.
Short Brothers United Kingdom
Series III
1982SMC Engineering's four-wheel FC82: the coil-sprung Stage 1 V8 chassis under a forward-control cab, built alongside the six-wheeler for the British Army's 1982 road-going load carrier requirement, with a cut-down…
Sandringham Motor Company (SMC Engineering) United Kingdom
Series III
1982SMC Engineering's FC82: the 139-inch Sandringham Six V8 coil-sprung six-wheeler re-engineered as a forward-control platoon carrier for the British Army's 1982 road-going load carrier requirement, with a dropside…
Sandringham Motor Company (SMC Engineering) United Kingdom
Series III
1980sStage 1 V8-based Laird Centaur half-track in its off-white winter-trials appearance, with bonnet spare, wing aerials and a snow camouflage cover.
Laird (Anglesey) Ltd United Kingdom
Series IIA
1968–72The Series IIA Half Ton Lightweight, the British Army's airportable 88-inch of 1968–72, in its early form with the headlamps set inboard in the radiator panel and shallow wings carrying paired side and indicator…
United Kingdom
Series III
1972–86A Series III Lightweight wearing the Northern Ireland Vehicle Protection Kit: a bolt-on glass-reinforced-plastic hard top and rounded lower side panels, mesh over the screen and door glass, the spare on the cab roof…
United Kingdom
Series IIA
1969–70A Post Office Recovery Land Rover — a Series IIA 88-inch hard top of 1969–70, XAH 758H, in the Post Office's red with gold and yellow, POST OFFICE RECOVERY lettered along the roof edge and a yellow beacon on the…
United Kingdom
Defender
2008The open game-viewing Defender 110 of Gondwana Game Reserve in the Western Cape: three stepped rows of padded bench seats behind the cab, a mesh guard across the front and a tracker's seat perched above the front…
United Kingdom, South Africa
Defender
2012Fleet vehicle 14 of Nkambeni Safari Camp's game-drive Defenders inside Kruger National Park: green coachwork with a yellow stripe, a high canvas canopy over tiered passenger seats and the camp's fleet number on the…
United Kingdom, South Africa
Series IIA
1965A Herbert Lomas coachbuilt ambulance on the Series IIA 109: the Handforth firm's rounded, fully integrated body in place of the Land Rover's own, here the 1965 factory demonstrator in Limestone that Lomas kept until…
Herbert Lomas Ltd United Kingdom
Series IIA
1967The Herbert Lomas coachbuilt ambulance on the Series IIA 109 in service green — a preserved 1967 example with all its original stretchers and equipment, standing for the Lomas bodies the Navy and Royal Marines ran…
Herbert Lomas Ltd United Kingdom
Series I
1962Series I 109-inch station wagon interpretation of the Cintec Cineroma mobile cinema, carrying a roof rack, raised screen, horn speakers and projector.
Cintec Ltd United Kingdom
Series II
1962Cintec Cineroma mobile cinema on a Series II 109-inch station wagon, with a deluxe bonnet, raised screen, roof-mounted horn speakers and projector equipment.
Cintec Ltd United Kingdom
Series III
1970sA Series III 109 station wagon travelling cinema: one of the long-wheelbase Land Rovers converted to carry projection equipment, loudspeakers and a large roof-mounted screen for educational film shows in African…
United Kingdom
Defender
2012The Sri Lanka Army President's Guard's VIP escort Defenders: black open-sided Defender 110s with a canvas canopy on a tubular frame, inward-facing bench seats for a section of guardsmen, a rear step and white wheels…
United Kingdom
Series II
1962The Cuthbertson Snowplough: a 7 ft 6 in V-blade of all-welded steel, weighing 460 lb, hung from a Land Rover's chassis on pivoting arms and tie rods — fitted in five minutes with no alteration to the vehicle, and…
James A. Cuthbertson Ltd United Kingdom
Series II
1958The Dale Bull-Angledozer: a 66-inch hydraulic dozer blade for the Land Rover, raised by a single-acting ram from a hand pump in the cab and angled 25° either way, made by J. B. Howie of Salford Priors near Evesham…
J. B. Howie (Dale) United Kingdom
Defender
1990A Foley Specialist Vehicles six-wheel Defender: a 110 station wagon stretched to take a third axle, driven through a Foley-made transfer case on the second axle while the original Land Rover transfer box, axles and…
Foley Specialist Vehicles United Kingdom
Series III
1983–84A six-wheel-drive Series III Stage 1 V8 run by SEEBOARD, the South Eastern Electricity Board, and fitted with a tensioning winch for pulling up and tensioning overhead transmission-line conductors: A457 SHU, a…
United Kingdom
Santana PS-10 / Aníbal
2002–03Norfolk Constabulary's Santana PS-10: a white Spanish-built 110-inch station wagon, AO52 UXW, wearing only a blue POLICE band with chequer blocks on the front doors, POLICE on the bonnet and the force crest — no blue…
Santana Motor (Metalúrgica de Santa Ana) Spain
Defender
2009A Defender 110 station wagon of Portugal's Guarda Nacional Republicana, the gendarmerie that polices the 94 per cent of the country outside the cities: dark green with a white roof lettered GUARDA NACIONAL…
United Kingdom
Defender
2014A Straż Graniczna (Polish Border Guard) Defender 110 station wagon, HWA A334, photographed on the Vistula Spit where the Warmińsko-Mazurski unit patrols the frontier with Russia's Kaliningrad exclave: plain dark…
United Kingdom
Defender
2010The Hong Kong Police Explosive Ordnance Disposal Bureau's three-axle Defender 130, AM 6788: a 6×6 crew cab carrying a tall white box body in the force's white livery with red wings, a red waist band edged in blue…
United Kingdom
Series III
1971A Royal Danish Army Series III 109-inch, registration 51.258, carrying a tall rounded-roof shelter body fitted with a Sylvania automatic telephone exchange — a field switchboard on wheels — in the Danish three-colour…
United Kingdom, Denmark
Series III
1972–85A Series III 109 Marshall ambulance carrying the Northern Ireland Vehicle Protection Kit: glass-reinforced-plastic panels on roof, sides, doors and floor and the kit's rounded skirts under the body between the wheels…
Marshall of Cambridge United Kingdom
Series III
1980sThe Danish Army's one Marshall of Cambridge ambulance: a Series III 109-inch, registration 51.352, with the two- or four-stretcher Marshall body in plain olive, red-cross panels on the sides and roof, white tactical…
Marshall of Cambridge United Kingdom
Series III
1990sA Danish Army Series III 109-inch station wagon, registration 52.042, used as a brigade commander's caravan: a mobile command post fitted with DA/VRQ-282 and DA/GRC-420 VHF radios and an Eberspächer heater, in…
United Kingdom
Series IIA
1970A Danish Army Series IIA 109-inch, registration 40.405, used from around 1970 as a Tactical Air Control Party vehicle: a truck cab with a canvas tilt, a rack over the cab roof, whip aerials for its EL/K-1004…
United Kingdom
Series III
1977–78A Danish Army Series III 88-inch general-service soft top, registration 48.928: ordered in 1977, in service from 1978 in a wide range of roles until the Mercedes-Benz Geländewagen replaced it, in the three-colour…
United Kingdom
Defender
2008–09A Danish Army Defender 110 station wagon, registration 98.316, issued in spring 2009 — NATO-funded — to the Deployable Communications Modules Company at Haderslev in place of its Mercedes-Benz 290GD station wagons: a…
United Kingdom
Series II
1959–60Lincoln Electric's 1960 welding Land Rover: a Series II 109-inch soft top, WAC 612, carrying the L.R. 150 portable welding generator on a tubular frame hung from the tailboard hinges in place of the tailboard…
Lincoln Electric Co. Ltd United Kingdom
Defender
1999Foley Specialist Vehicles' Defender 130 Td5 game viewer built for the giraffe park at Chessington World of Adventures, T69 JSS: a sand-painted two-door cab ahead of a high-sided open body with tiered bench seats and…
Foley Specialist Vehicles United Kingdom
Defender
A British Rail road-rail Land Rover as recorded in Oxford Rail's 1:76 model: a Defender 110 hard top in engineers' yellow with a white roof, hydraulically lowered rail guide wheels at each end, a bonnet spare, a roof…
United Kingdom
Series IIA
1964Series IIA 109-inch hard top BBH 942B, supplied to British Railways in 1964 as the goods-yard runabout at Stewarts Lane, Battersea, and restored by railwayman Jim Barnard in the early 'blood and custard' British…
United Kingdom
Series II
1950–60Rover's 'Rail Rover' trial: a Series II 88 hard top fitted with flanged railway wheels in place of its road wheels for track inspection and light shunting — one of several rail conversions tried over the years…
United Kingdom
Defender
A road-rail Land Rover of the kind run by railway engineering departments and later produced by Harsco Track Technologies: a Defender single-cab pickup with hydraulically lowered flanged guide wheels at both ends for…
United Kingdom
Series III
1972'The Birdcage', FXC 863L: a 1972 Series III 88 pick-up shown at the Motor Show with a dual-colour wheel scheme, then converted into a Solihull works vehicle for installing winch cables on 101 Forward Controls — a…
United Kingdom
Series I
1957'Grizzly Torque', the custom-built 1957 Land Rover Series I 107-inch in which Canadian biologist Bristol Foster and artist Robert Bateman drove for 14 months through 19 countries on four continents, painting, filming…
United Kingdom
Defender
2014The white Defender 110 VU14 XUG used as the Trail by Fire mobile volcano observatory in the Andes in 2015–16.
United Kingdom
Defender
2016The Defender 110 provided under the 2016 Royal Geographical Society Land Rover Bursary for the Transcaucasian Expedition, which set out to map a long-distance hiking trail through the Caucasus of Georgia and Armenia…
United Kingdom
Series I
1952The Land Rover Series I in which George Adamson, the Kenya game warden later famous for Born Free, drove from Nairobi to London via the Congo, Nigeria and Algeria, leaving Nairobi on 21 March 1953 — a journey he…
United Kingdom
Defender
2020sDefenderX: two Defender 110 station wagons, Princess and The Mother Ship, fitted with bolt-on pontoons and an engine-driven X-drive propeller plus 38-inch tyres for an attempted London to New York drive-and-swim…
United Kingdom
Series I
1950Pollyanna, Barbara Toy's 1950 Series I 80-inch KYH 628, in which she drove alone from Tangier to Baghdad in 1950 and then became the first person to circumnavigate the globe in a Land Rover — shown by Land Rover…
United Kingdom
Defender
2007–16Volcano Trails' Icelandic 'Super Defender': a Defender 110 station wagon rebuilt by Reykjavík 4x4 specialists on 37-inch tyres under wide flares, with a snorkel for river crossings, on-board compressor for deflating…
United Kingdom, Iceland
Defender
2011Defender 110 2.4 TDCi station wagon fully colour-changed from white to Sand by Foley Specialist Vehicles, with a colour-coded Maggiolina roof tent and heavy-duty Wolf rims, fitted out for expedition with roll bar…
Foley Specialist Vehicles United Kingdom
Defender
1997The Land Rover Defender 90 that made the 1997 ascent of Mount Elbrus: over 44 days an eight-strong Russian team drove, winched and hauled the dark blue, white-roofed 90 to the 5,621 m eastern summit through…
United Kingdom
Series IIA
1960sThe Land Rover half of Scottorn's Bushmaster outfit, as pictured in the 1960s with the powered trailer behind it: a Series IIA 109 stripped to an open, doorless fire tender in deep bronze green with its tub cut down…
Scottorn Trailers United Kingdom
Series III
1983The Southern Electricity Board's Hotspur six-wheel Stage 1 V8, SRD 819Y: a 1983 109-inch Stage 1 rebuilt by Hotspur to a 6×6 chassis to carry a larger Spencer B-28 cherry picker for overhead-line work from the…
Hotspur Armoured Products United Kingdom
Defender
2015The 2015 Bowler Pennine V6 110 Prototype, FJ15 JXV: a one-off rally raid car on a Defender 110 crew-cab chassis with the 335 bhp supercharged Jaguar F-Type V6 and ZF eight-speed automatic — the last Bowler built…
Bowler United Kingdom
Defender
2015Bowler's 2015 Defender 90 hard top XS with the firm's Fast Road suspension and a Stage 1 tune of the 2.2-litre TDCi: a black 90 with black alloys, a silver grille and a large red BOWLER script across the hard top…
Bowler United Kingdom
Series III
1986–87The British Army Series III 88-inch soft top of The Living Daylights' pre-title Gibraltar chase (1987) — the munitions truck Bond drops onto through its canvas roof before it goes over the cliff — shown here as the…
United Kingdom
Series III
1977James Bond's Jamaican runabout in No Time To Die (2021): a blue 1977 Land Rover Series III 88-inch, right-hand drive with a bonnet-mounted spare and grey plastic wheel-arch extensions, which Daniel Craig drives from…
United Kingdom
Defender
2016The Defender 130 gun bus built by Foley Specialist Vehicles in 2016 for shooting parties at Sandringham — a bronze green single cab with a tall, windowed box body — which Prince Philip then had redesigned, with his…
Foley Specialist Vehicles United Kingdom
Defender
2025Land Rover Classic Works Bespoke's ten-off Defender Works V8 Churchill Edition: 2012–2016 Defenders rebuilt with the 5.0-litre 405 bhp V8 and ZF eight-speed automatic, painted Bronze Green to match Sir Winston…
United Kingdom
Defender
2024The 110 station wagon version of Land Rover Classic's ten-vehicle DAKTARI Works V8 edition, in Dark Grey with an Alpine White roof and matching steel wheels.
United Kingdom
Series IIA
1969Pastel green 1969 Series IIA 88-inch truck cab, one of two supplied by Action 99 Cars and driven by Mr McGregor in the Lake District scenes of Sony's Peter Rabbit (2018), sold at H&H's Duxford sale in March 2018.
United Kingdom
Santana Series (88/109)
1983The 1983 Santana 109 Papamóvil, SCV 1: a cream Series III-derived Santana built at Linares with an armoured, tinted-glass cabin over the rear body — commissioned after the 1981 attempt on John Paul II's life as the…
Santana Motor (Metalúrgica de Santa Ana) Spain
Series I
1954The last of Rover's State III Royal Review Land Rovers, chassis 5710-2615 of 1954: a Series I with the smooth-sided open review body and chrome grab rails built to the specification of the 1953–54 Commonwealth Tour…
United Kingdom
101 Forward Control · 1975 West–East Sahara crossing · 60 FL 38
1975One of the four early-production 101 Forward Controls of the 1975 Joint Services West–East Sahara Expedition, which made the first west-to-east crossing of the Sahara — 7,500 miles from the Atlantic to the Red Sea in…
United Kingdom
Defender
2015–20Kahn Design's Flying Huntsman 110 6×6 double-cab pickup: a Defender 110 with its chassis extended 400 mm and a third axle added for switchable six-wheel drive, wide-arch bodywork, an X-Lander grille and a 430 bhp GM…
Kahn Design / Chelsea Truck Company United Kingdom
Rover Company prototype · 2.5 turbo-diesel · FYF 928C
1963Rover's 1963 129-inch prototype, chassis 129/5, with a 2.5-litre CAV turbo diesel and separate dropside body. Modelled in its preserved grey, open-bed configuration as FYF 928C.
United Kingdom
Defender
2012The Dunsfold Collection's Wolf 110 R+WMIK, R985 NUF: a 2012 replica built from three damaged prototypes of the final stage of the WMIK programme — the R-WMIK's V-hull and ring mount plus armoured floor and side…
Ricardo plc United Kingdom
Defender
19905460 XZ, the 1990 Defender 90 that Land Rover sent to Marshalls of Cambridge for conversion to a 106 mm recoilless-rifle gunship as a worldwide demonstrator: an open 90 with its door tops and roof removed and two…
Marshall of Cambridge United Kingdom
Series IIA
1963–85RUC in-house armoured Land Rover of the kind developed by the force's own Research and Development Establishment — the 1962–64 prototype line that became the Shorland, and later the experimental Shenzi and Simba of…
Short Brothers United Kingdom
Defender
1985Fully armoured 3.5-litre V8 Land Rover 110 of the Ministry of Defence Police Special Escort Group, fleet number 3262: delivered early in 1985 and converted by that July to escort road convoys carrying nuclear weapon…
United Kingdom
Defender
2012North Yorkshire Police Rural Task Force Defender 90 hard top YG12 VNW, a silver Police Support vehicle in blue and yellow battenburg used for farm, moorland and off-road rural patrol work across England's largest…
United Kingdom
Series III
19781978 Series III 109 hard top riot van YYX 315T built for South Yorkshire Police public-order duty — dark navy with a mesh guard over the windscreen, blue lamps beside the grille and a bonnet spot lamp — now preserved…
United Kingdom
Defender
2021Hobson Industries' armoured public-order Land Rover prototype, PAZ 4792, offered to the Police Service of Northern Ireland as a replacement for the Tangi and trialled on Belfast parades but not selected for series…
Hobson Industries United Kingdom
Defender
2024Defender 110 hard top of the Royal Brunei Armed Forces Military Police (Polis Tentera), MOD 2233, in olive-brown with a red and blue light bar, POLIS TENTERA lettering and the MP crest, shown on parade at the force's…
United Kingdom
Santana Series (88/109)
1975–85Dark-green Santana-built Series III 88-inch hard top carrying Patrulla Rural door markings, a single blue rotating beacon, siren and radiophone, used to motorise Guardia Civil posts in the remotest parts of Spain.
Santana Motor (Metalúrgica de Santa Ana) Spain
Santana 2000 FC
1978–90Special Santana 2000 forward-control vehicles of the Guardia Civil fitted with box bodies, armoured side doors and full-length bench seats so that crews could return fire on terrorist attacks while the vehicle was…
Santana Motor (Metalúrgica de Santa Ana) Spain
Santana 1300
1973–80Santana 1300 forward-control truck of the Guardia Civil, in the dark green of the force's Agrupación de Tráfico with a canvas tilt, roof sign and blue beacon — one of almost the whole Santana range bought to motorise…
Santana Motor (Metalúrgica de Santa Ana) Spain
Series III
1970–88An RUC Hotspur armoured Land Rover, IXI 8636: a Stage 1 V8-powered Series III 109 hard top armoured in the Royal Ulster Constabulary's own workshops with the Hotspur kit — bolted ballistic steel plates over the sides…
Hotspur Armoured Products, RUC Vehicle Engineering, Seapark United Kingdom
Defender
1999The RAF Regiment's TUM Enhanced Protection Vehicle: a Courtaulds/NP Aerospace CAV 100 composite-armoured Defender 110 like the Army's Snatch but bought new around 1999 outside the original 991-vehicle batch…
NP Aerospace United Kingdom
Defender
2007Snatch 2 Vixen Plus, 25 KK 56: the further-developed Vixen Plus standard of the CAV 100 composite-armoured Defender 110 protected patrol vehicle, photographed at an MoD UOR day on Salisbury Plain in desert sand under…
NP Aerospace United Kingdom
Perentie
1988–92Perentie 6x6 Logistics Vehicle built by Jaguar Rover Australia for the Government of Oman: an open-cab, roll-caged 6x6 with a long dropside cargo tray in desert pink, one of eleven Oman vehicles among the only…
JRA Limited (Jaguar Rover Australia) Australia
Series IIA
1968–75Royal Artillery Portable Photographic Interpretation Facility (PPIF) Land Rover 25 FG 73: a Series IIA 109 with a tall box body carried forward into a square, mesh-fronted Luton over the cab and equipment boxes on…
United Kingdom
Series IIA
1963–75Australian Army Emergency Repair Vehicle (ERV) on the Series 2A 109 'Bloodbox' ambulance body: the locally built four-berth ambulance coachwork stripped of its red crosses and repainted a muted grey-green, with a…
Pressed Metal Corporation Australia
Perentie
1987–93Australian Army Perentie 4x4 soft top in United Nations white with the UN Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC), photographed at Kampong Cham in April 1993 (Australian War Memorial P01724.061): canvas tilt with…
JRA Limited (Jaguar Rover Australia) Australia
Series IIA
1966Australian Army Series 2A 109 'pie cart' workshop Land Rover, ARN 113852, in United Nations white as used by RAEME's 17 Construction Squadron workshop with the UN Transition Assistance Group (UNTAG) in Namibia in…
Australia
Defender
1990–91British Army Pulse 130 ambulance H115 BAU in United Nations white with SFOR markings, as used with the NATO-led Stabilisation Force in Bosnia and Herzegovina: UN and SFOR on the box front, red crosses on the sides…
Marshall of Cambridge United Kingdom
Defender
2004–09Żandarmeria Wojskowa (Polish Military Police) Defender 110 station wagon in United Nations white, the hard-bodied sister of the soft-top patrol vehicles the Polish contingents (PKW) ran with UNIFIL in Lebanon and…
United Kingdom
Defender
2004–09Żandarmeria Wojskowa (Polish Military Police) Defender 110 soft top in United Nations white, used by the Polish military contingents (PKW) with UNIFIL in Lebanon and UNDOF on the Golan, photographed on a low-loader…
United Kingdom
Series IIA
19631963 Australian Army Series 2A 109-inch 'Bloodbox' ambulance preserved in white United Nations livery at the Army Museum Bandiana, Victoria, representing the Australian medical vehicles that served with UN missions…
Pressed Metal Corporation Australia
Perentie
1987–93Australian Army Perentie 4x4 of the UNTAC Force Communications Unit in United Nations white at Sisophon, Cambodia, August 1993 (Australian War Memorial P02570.013): canvas cab top with the tray open and a restored…
JRA Limited (Jaguar Rover Australia) Australia
Defender
2007–11UNAMID Land Rover Defender 110 station wagon, fleet number 32252, a medical vehicle of the African Union–United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur photographed at the mission's Nyala base in South Darfur in November…
United Kingdom
Defender
1995–2010Brazilian Marine Corps (Corpo de Fuzileiros Navais) Land Rover Defender 90 soft top in United Nations white, run with its doors removed by the Brazilian battalion of MINUSTAH in Haiti for checkpoint and patrol…
United Kingdom
Series I
1954–57Series I 88 soft top of the first United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF I), one of the Land Rovers that entered the Gaza Strip with the mixed UN convoy of Willys jeeps and station wagons in April 1957: white body…
United Kingdom
Series II
1958–61Danish Army 12-volt Land Rover Series II 109 soft top of the Danish contingent (DANCON) with the UN Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus in the mid-1960s, before British-leased Lightweights replaced the Danish-owned Land…
United Kingdom
Defender
1996South Shields Volunteer Life Brigade's coast rescue Land Rover, a Defender 130 double cab with a purpose-built equipment box body built by Land Rover Special Vehicles in 1996 and described as the only vehicle of its…
United Kingdom
Defender
1992–93British Army CAV 100 'Snatch' armoured Land Rover repainted United Nations white for UNPROFOR service in Bosnia in 1993, photographed by Joint Forces with UN on the bonnet and body, mesh guards over the lamps, grille…
United Kingdom
Defender
1992An ex-military CAV 100 Snatch armoured Land Rover sold commercially to a news organisation and run as a protected press vehicle in Macedonia at the height of the 2001 insurgency: the composite-armoured Defender 110…
NP Aerospace United Kingdom
Series II
1968Trillo's of Whitby 1968 Land Rover Series II 109 ice cream van, MBT 984F: a tall cream coachbuilt body on the Series II chassis with a sign peak reading Trillo Brothers, big sliding serving windows and a blue waist…
United Kingdom
Series IIA
1971The Hemsby Beach Land Rover ice cream van FVG 31J: a 1971 Series IIA 109 with a tall box ice cream body behind its standard cab, serving hatch and menu boards on the side and Rossi Super Ice Cream signs, photographed…
United Kingdom
Series III
1974Rossi's Ice Cream of Hemsby's 1974 four-cylinder Land Rover Series III 109, UPJ 934M, fitted with a tall ice cream van body: white with a pink bonnet, grille surround, arches and stripes and Rossi's / Whippy Ice…
United Kingdom
Defender
1985The Pembrokeshire Ice Cream Co.'s 1985-86 Land Rover 110 ice cream van, C714 MNT — previously run by Kelly's Ices of Cornwall, where it featured in a 2012 Land Rover calendar — a One Ten with a cream rounded…
United Kingdom
Defender
1990A 1990 Land Rover Defender 110, G461 BJO, carrying a Mr Whippy soft-serve ice cream body: a tall box behind the standard cab, light blue over cream with ice cream and mr whippy lettering, a serving window on the…
United Kingdom
Defender
One of the two Land Rover Defender ice cream vans that Hockings Dairy Cream Ices of Appledore, North Devon, keep within their nineteen-vehicle fleet for beach pitches and events in muddy fields where the firm's…
United Kingdom
Defender
2011Teddy's Fish & Chips' converted Land Rover Defender 130, FG11 GDV: a British racing green single-cab with a square catering box body, serving hatch and lift-up awning, from which the Bournemouth family firm cooks and…
United Kingdom
Series IIA
1971One of Rossi Ice Cream's vintage Land Rover 109 ice cream vans from Hemsby, registration read as AVG 31J, photographed trading at Winterton-on-Sea in August 2011 in hot pink and cream with a ROSSI SUPER ICE CREAM…
United Kingdom
Defender
2011Thatchers Cider's promotional Land Rover Defender, C12 VAT: a 2.4-litre Puma Defender 110 single-cab pickup new in October 2011, in cream with a giant oak cider cask lying in its tub under a THATCHERS board, a roof…
United Kingdom
Series III
1971–85Royal Air Force Series III 109-inch hard top fitted with a roof-mounted helicopter servicing platform and a starting-cable reel on the side of the body, photographed in desert sand during the 1991 Gulf deployment and…
United Kingdom
Defender
1997Pizza Overland's Defender 110 hard top, R729 JUB, converted into a mobile pizzeria with a commercial-grade wood-fired stone oven that cooks several pizzas at once, offered for sale from Merseyside as a going concern…
United Kingdom
Defender
2010sThe Land Doughver's specially converted Defender 110 hard top, nicknamed Chi-Chi, carrying a near one-tonne stone pizza oven that runs at 450 °C on kiln-dried ash and cooks two or three pizzas in 90 seconds, run by a…
United Kingdom
Defender
2016Defender 110 hard top kept by Greene King brewery at Bury St Edmunds as a promotional vehicle and mobile bar for its Ice Breaker pale ale, wrapped in ice-blue with ICE BREAKER lettering, photographed at the brewery…
United Kingdom
Defender
2018Ex-army Defender 110 hard top converted into a mobile bar, its side panel lifting as an awning over a teal-lined counter with beer taps and chalkboard menus, photographed serving at the St Monans Sea Queen gala day…
United Kingdom
Defender
2002The Wild Oven's bespoke Land Rover Defender 110 wood-fired kitchen from Stratford-upon-Avon — a truck cab carrying a timber-clad, steel-framed box with the oven inside, catering events of 10 to 300 people from a 4.5…
United Kingdom
Series III
1971–2015The 'Beer Landy': a Land Rover Series III 109 hard top converted into a mobile bar in Jever bottle green, with a stainless winch bumper, spare and wooden slats on the bonnet, a chequer-plate roof rack with spot lamps…
Germany
Defender
1984St John Ambulance's preserved Land Rover One Ten box-body ambulance B183 LBJ: a 1984-85 One Ten (the first of the coil-sprung line that became the Defender) with a square coachbuilt ambulance body and Luton peak, in…
United Kingdom
Defender
2011The Metropolitan Police Marine Policing Unit's Defender 110 station wagon BX61 EFC: an unmarked silver 2011 Puma-era Defender with a Warn winch in the front bumper and a single blue beacon on the roof, used on the…
United Kingdom
Defender
2000sStaffordshire Police's black armoured Land Rover Defender 110 for specialist operations: a heavily modified 110 with composite armour over the body, a square window each side, louvred lockers, a cage roof rack, twin…
United Kingdom
Defender
2012Penman Engineering's Armoured Land Rover Mk.4 for the Police Service of Northern Ireland: thirty public-order armoured Land Rovers built from 2012 on the Defender 110 Puma chassis, seating a crew of six, after Penman…
Penman Engineering United Kingdom
Defender
1992OVIK Solutions' armoured police demonstrator K414 SHR: an ex-Ministry of Defence Land Rover Defender 110 with low military mileage rebuilt by OVIK into a heavily armoured public-order vehicle in plain black, shown at…
OVIK United Kingdom
Series I
1954–58The old appliance of the Uskela volunteer fire brigade in Salo, Finland: a long-wheelbase Series I Land Rover with S39 markings and suction hoses carried on the bonnet, preserved by the brigade and photographed in 2007.
United Kingdom
Defender
1989–90G478 GJC, the Bangor-based Water Incident Unit of North Wales Fire and Rescue Service: a red Defender 110 with a snorkel, twin roof beacons and horns, grille lights and a black rescue inflatable — the vehicle that…
United Kingdom
Defender
2005–06RNLI West Kirby's Land Rover Defender 110 HG55 NHM, fleet number LR83, fitted with Mattracks rubber track units in place of its wheels so the Wirral station can launch and recover its D-class inshore lifeboat across…
United Kingdom
Series III
1979–80HM Coastguard Fleetwood's Series III 88-inch station wagon FHV 880V, the Morecambe Bay shoreline rescue vehicle photographed on the Fleetwood promenade in the winter of 1981: dark blue with a roof rack carrying spot…
United Kingdom
Defender
2014–15HM Coastguard search and rescue Land Rover Defender 130 double cab in the Coastguard's current livery — white with a yellow bonnet and roof, yellow-and-blue battenburg, COAST GUARD on the doors and a SEARCH AND…
United Kingdom
Series IIA
1963North Wollongong Surf Life Saving Club's Series IIA 88-inch hard top, bought new in March 1963 and signwritten NORTH WOLLONGONG S.L.S.C. as the club's beach patrol and equipment vehicle, photographed with club…
Pressed Metal Corporation United Kingdom, Australia
Defender
1992NSRI Station 19 Richards Bay's Land Rover Defender 110 station wagon NRB 4334, a South African-built 1992 Camel Trophy standby vehicle donated to Sea Rescue in place of a Ford F250 and used for nineteen years to…
South Africa
Defender
1998–99Sefton Council Beach Patrol and Lifeguard Unit Land Rover Defender 110 station wagon S380 ADB, yellow with a full-length roof rack, amber RANGER light bar, snorkel and an orange rescue board, photographed on Waterloo…
United Kingdom
Defender
2008Severn Area Rescue Association's 2008 Land Rover Defender 110 WX08 LLM, the charity's lifeboat-towing rescue vehicle in dark grey with red and yellow battenburg, SARA panels, roof rack and AMBULANCE light bar…
United Kingdom
Defender
1990–98Olive-green Land Rover Defender 110 soft top 6146 VG 80 of Les Sauveteurs en Mer (SNSM), a French lifeboat station's shore and boat-handling vehicle with an external roll cage, mesh bull bar, blue beacon and…
United Kingdom
Defender
1990–2006Yellow Land Rover Defender 110 station wagon of Wirral Council's beach lifeguards at West Kirby, fleet number 1984, with red WIRRAL and BEACH LIFEGUARD lettering, yellow steel wheels, an amber light bar and a VHF…
United Kingdom
Series I
1949KLX 770, the 1949 Series I 80-inch soft top that was the Automobile Association's first Land Rover, bought for the London Night Patrols at Bayham Street, Camden Town, in AA yellow with black wing sides, a ROAD…
United Kingdom
Series I
1956–58AA Scottish Highland Patrol Land Rover Series I 88-inch TLE 883: golden yellow truck cab with khaki canvas tilt, black-masked front wings, bonnet spare and a HIGHLAND PATROL roof board, one of the Land Rovers that by…
United Kingdom
Series I
1954–58AA Road Service Land Rover Series I 88-inch hard top PYU 15 in the association's yellow with a black roof and black front wing sides, AA badges on the wings and hard-top sides and ROAD SERVICE lettering — one of the…
United Kingdom
Defender
2003AA Special Operations Response Team Land Rover Defender 110 hard top AK53 TXJ: yellow and black with a snorkel, winch, amber light bar, rear hi-vis chevrons and a red Special Operations Response Team panel, used for…
United Kingdom
Series III
1976AA Series III 109-inch station wagon of 1976 in all-over AA yellow with the AA Relay logo, roof rack and AA Service beacon board — the tow-pole recovery Land Rovers the Automobile Association ran from its depots…
United Kingdom
Series II
1959–60RAC Radio Patrol Mobile Service Unit Land Rover Series II 109-inch hard top YYF 365 in RAC blue with a white RADIO PATROL roof board and amber beacon — one of the units the Royal Automobile Club formed in 1959 for…
United Kingdom
Series I
1950–53RAC Road Service Land Rover Series I 80-inch hard top KAD 265 in the Club's blue Road Service scheme with a bumper spotlight and TOWING sign — one of the Royal Automobile Club's first four-wheeled road patrol…
United Kingdom
Series I
1956–58Late-1950s RAC road service Land Rover Series I 109-inch truck cab with a black canvas tilt, in RAC blue with ROYAL AUTOMOBILE CLUB lettering and the Club's diamond — a long-wheelbase patrol vehicle able to carry…
United Kingdom
Defender
1989–90Maryport Inshore Rescue's Land Rover Defender 110 station wagon G693 NHH, one of the independent Cumbrian lifeboat service's pair of response vehicles, in dark teal-blue with a white roof, orange waist stripe…
United Kingdom
Defender
2010Maryport Inshore Rescue's Land Rover Defender 90 hard top PX60 UAB, the second of the independent Cumbrian lifeboat service's pair of response vehicles, in dark teal-blue with a white roof, orange waist stripe, light…
United Kingdom
Series III
1983–84Early-1980s HM Coastguard Land Rover Series III 88 hard top A259 SYM in dark blue with a yellow roof carrying H.M. COASTGUARD, MARINE RESCUE on the sides, roof spot lamps, a bonnet spare and a bumper winch…
United Kingdom
Series I
1957KYL 88D, a 1957 Land Rover Series I 88 released by the Ministry of Defence in 1966 and re-registered for HM Coastguard, preserved in bronze green with its grey canvas tilt, bumper capstan winch, bonnet spare and…
United Kingdom
Defender
2012Police Scotland Underwater Search Unit Land Rover Defender 110 hard top SN12 CHZ, the dive and water-rescue team's white battenburg-liveried vehicle based alongside the Coastguard at Greenock fire station on the…
United Kingdom
Defender
1998Louth Civil Defence's fire and flood response Land Rover, 98-WW-5593 — a white Defender 130 double cab with a box body, blue-and-orange waist stripe, Civil Defence roundels, roof rack with blue light bar, snorkel…
United Kingdom
Series III
1981–82HM Coastguard Land Rover Series III 88 station wagon KYU 893X of 1981/82 in marine blue with a yellow roof lettered HM COASTGUARD, a blue beacon and two spot lamps, silver waist line and MARINE RESCUE on the sides —…
United Kingdom
Series III
1977–78Preserved HM Coastguard cliff-rescue Land Rover Series III 88 TYO 286S in navy with a yellow roof and bonnet, yellow-and-black chequer along the body, a blue light bar and spot lamps on the roof and a covered spare…
United Kingdom
Series III
1971–85Red-and-white Land Rover Series III 109-inch truck cab working as an independent breakdown truck around Casablanca, with a chrome bull bar and blue spot lamps, orange roof beacons and a bed-mounted recovery hoop…
United Kingdom
Defender
1990–2006Red Land Rover Defender 110 truck cab converted into a wheel-lift recovery truck by an independent Dhaka operator — chequer band, '24 hrs Recovery Vehicle' and phone-number signage, basket roof rack with amber light…
United Kingdom
Defender
1990–2006Blue Land Rover Defender 90 truck cab No. 84 of the Borneo 4WD recovery team at the 2009 Borneo Safari, with an external roll cage, snorkel, winch, white steel wheels on mud tyres and a bed of lashed-down recovery…
United Kingdom
Series III
1977–78THM 834S, a 1977/78 Land Rover Series III breakdown and recovery truck preserved in the period trim of ST Engineering of West Sussex — white 88-inch pickup with a blue roll hoop and TOWING board, blue rear crane…
United Kingdom
Series I
1954HCL 164, a 1954 Land Rover Series I 107-inch pickup built as the breakdown and recovery truck of Steels of Cheltenham, the town's Wolseley and Rover dealer, still carrying its recovery crane, towing-dolly wheels and…
United Kingdom
Defender
1998–2004Bender City Abschlepp- und Bergungsdienst of Düsseldorf's Land Rover Defender 90 converted into a compact tow truck with a rear underlift — fleet number 12, white with 'downtown' script, chequer-plate body and amber…
Germany
Series II
1958–61Everyman's Garage of Chichester's sky-blue Land Rover recovery fleet, which has retrieved crashed and broken-down cars and bikes at the Goodwood Revival since the event began — modelled on the lead truck of the three…
Harvey Frost & Co. United Kingdom
Series IIA
1968VPB 28F, a 1968 Land Rover Series IIA 109 recovery truck (chassis 25114123D) owned from new by Clacy & Sons Garage of Whitchurch, Hampshire, with an extended cab, Harvey Frost hand crane, front winch, bonnet spare…
Harvey Frost & Co. United Kingdom
Series IIA
1966HFW 370D, a 1966 Land Rover Series IIA 109-inch 2.25 petrol built as a garage recovery truck from new with a Harvey Frost 3cwt pick-up crane on the bed, restored on a galvanised chassis in Rick's Salvage of…
Harvey Frost & Co. United Kingdom
Series IIA
1967HUF 999E, Brighton Fire Brigade's 1967 Series IIA 109 restricted-access appliance, with HCB-Angus bodywork, hose lockers, a roof ladder and capstan winch.
HCB-Angus United Kingdom
Defender
2002–03Reddingsbrigade Nederland lifeguard Land Rover Defender 110 station wagon RB 170, registration 75-LX-DZ, in the Dutch lifeguards' orange with blue-and-white diagonal striping, a blue light bar and amber beacon…
United Kingdom
Defender
2005HG55 GUA, the Seahouses lifeboat station's Defender 110 — RNLI navy with a front winch, blue lights and an orange inshore rescue boat on its trailer — used to launch the station's IRB down the Northumberland beach.
United Kingdom
Defender
1999The Aquarius R2R 4×4: a Defender 130 double cab with Aquarius Railroad Technologies' electro-hydraulic rail gear — push-button from the cab — that puts it on the track at 20 mph carrying up to eleven people or 1,450…
Aquarius Railroad Technologies United Kingdom
Defender
1998A WMIK in Royal Marines hands: the Wolf-based weapons platform in sand finish, with the commander's pintle-mounted GPMG at the front, the gunner's ring at the rear for a .50 HMG, 40 mm GMG or a second GPMG, a…
Ricardo plc United Kingdom
Defender
1998–2002Netherlands Marine Corps (Korps Mariniers) Land Rover Defender 110 Wolf soft top, KM-25-25, one of the Dutch marines' Wolf fleet photographed by Joint Forces: olive with a canvas tilt, spare on the bonnet, snorkel…
United Kingdom
Defender
1996–98A Wolf 110 soft top Fitted For Radio: the NATO-green TUM with a 24-volt second alternator to power a signals fit, here following the Bowman-equipped Royal Signals configuration — the vehicle that carried a…
United Kingdom
Defender
2000–17Civilian-specification Defender 110 station wagons taken into Finnish Defence Forces service, photographed with the Finnish Rapid Deployment Force in dark green with FRDF lettering on the doors, roof racks and…
United Kingdom
Defender
2005Second, partially militarised batch of Td5 Defender 110 station wagons acquired by the Finnish Rapid Deployment Force about 2005: Fitted For Radio communications vehicles with integrated bumper winches, bull bars…
United Kingdom
Defender
2006Soft-top, six-seat version of the Polish Military Police's 2006 Defender 110 Td5 batch — 140 left-hand-drive vehicles converted by TEAM Marek Pasierbski of Wrocław with Ramsey winch, jerrycan racks and red-and-blue…
TEAM Marek Pasierbski United Kingdom, Poland
Defender
2018Defender 110 station wagon of Poland's Żandarmeria Wojskowa (Military Police), one of the MP vehicles that deployed with the British-led multinational brigade on NATO exercise Trident Juncture 2018 in Norway, with a…
United Kingdom
Defender
1997Aselsan's Zipkin pedestal-mounted air defence system on a Land Rover Defender: a turret with two four-round FIM-92 Stinger pods, a 12.7 mm machine gun and an electro-optical sensor head on a camouflaged Defender 130…
Turkey
Defender
1984–90KILCAR, the Land Rover One Ten soft top of the Queen's Royal Irish Hussars' REME Light Aid Detachment on Operation GRANBY in 1991, with bumper recovery winch and GPMG mount, in in-theatre stone paint with thinned RAF…
United Kingdom
Defender
1985–90Royal Navy Commando Helicopter Operations Support Cell 127-inch unit ambulance 10 KJ 65 on Operation GRANBY, in tiger-stripe camouflage applied near Yeovilton and carrying Red Crescent and Red Cross markings —…
Marshall of Cambridge United Kingdom
Defender
20082008 Ford Duratorq Defender 130 double cab carrying a Quadtech shelter body with roof rack, raised intake, winch and brush guard, operated by a specialist Slovak Army CBRN team on NATO operations and shown at IDEB…
United Kingdom
Defender
1996–98British Army Land Rover Wolf TUM HS 110 in the Fitted For Radio hard-top form: a 24-volt installation with a second alternator to run Clansman and later Bowman signals equipment, with snorkel, headlamp guards, side…
United Kingdom
Defender
1996The short-wheelbase Wolf built to be flown: a Defender 90 Wolf TUL with canvas tilt, lifting fittings and a high side-mounted spare, designed to be slung beneath a helicopter for delivery to places without roads —…
United Kingdom
Series IIA
1967The Post Office's cabling winch on wheels: the Land Rover Station Wagon Type 3, an 88-inch Safari-bodied car with a 2,500 lb capstan winch on the front and a 4,000 lb bull winch where the passenger seat used to be —…
Post Office Telecommunications United Kingdom
Series III
1981–85White 127-inch Stage 1 V8 Land Rover that superseded ASSAR's blue 109 in the early 1980s as Avon and Somerset Constabulary's cliff-rescue winch vehicle, modified with wider-offset wheel rims and 110 wheel-arch…
United Kingdom
Series III
1979–85V8 petrol Series III 109 hard top van built for the British Gas Board with a pump-up telescopic mast on the rear body, given to Avon & Somerset Search and Rescue in the mid 1980s and repainted vivid canary yellow…
United Kingdom
Defender
2009–10British Telecom's Defender 110 Tactical Command Unit, BX59 DLE: a white utility wagon in yellow and orange battenburg carrying a roof-mounted satellite dish, radome, masts and equipment pods so that BT engineers can…
United Kingdom
Series IIA
196830cwt petrol Series IIB Forward Control fitted with a Simon Hoist M28 elevating platform, WLA 990G, one of a fifteen-vehicle Post Office batch of 1968, photographed as a training unit at the GPO Regional Training…
United Kingdom
Series IIA
1968–71The Searle estate wagon — Carawagon International's luxury estate and station wagon conversion of the late Series IIA 109, offered in 1970 as a Land Rover 'special approved' vehicle with a trimmed interior, extra…
Searle Ltd (Carawagon) United Kingdom
Defender
1994–97The North American Specification Defender 90, sold in the United States and Canada from 1994 with the 3.9-litre V8 and, for 1997, the 4.0-litre V8 with automatic gearbox — a soft top (later also station wagon) with a…
United Kingdom
Defender
1995–2010The Defender 147 — a South African seven-door estate conversion of the 110 station wagon stretched by 37 inches to seat eleven, built in small numbers for safari lodges, mines and large families and occasionally…
South Africa
Series I
1955–58Factory metal-bodied Series I 107-inch station wagon from 1955 with the double-skinned Tropical Roof — a second aluminium roof panel carried on spacers over the main roof with ventilators at its edges, to keep the…
United Kingdom
Series III
1977–78Land Rover Australia's GAME, the upmarket short-wheelbase Series III of the mid-1970s with fifteen-inch white spoke wheels, black wheel-arch flares, a deluxe interior and the Yellow Devil colour scheme of yellow…
Australia
Defender
1993The North American Specification Defender 110 of 1993: a batch of 525 Alpine White station wagons heavily modified to meet US and Canadian regulations, with the 3.9-litre V8, a full external roll cage, brush bar…
United Kingdom
Series II
1963A single General Post Office Land Rover Series II 109 pickup fitted by USi Burtonwood with a hydraulic tail lift for loading heavy telephone plant: fleet number 18909, registered 965 FXY, delivered in October 1963…
USi (Burtonwood) United Kingdom
Series I
1950–57The first Post Office Land Rover: the Type 1 (Phase 1), an 80-inch Series I hardtop bought from 1950 for engineers who had to reach key stations whatever the ground was doing — LUU 990 of June 1951 is the documented…
United Kingdom
Series III
1976–77A Post Office telephones Series III 88-inch on four triangular caterpillar track units — the Snowtrac conversion, registered MAS 461R and photographed in 1985 — for reaching lines and stations through snow a wheeled…
United Kingdom
Series IIA
1966–71A 30 cwt Land Rover Forward Control carrying a Yeading-built television outside-broadcast video unit for the Post Office, photographed in January 1971 — a mobile link vehicle for the Post Office's television…
United Kingdom
Series IIA
1970–71A Land Rover Forward Control chassis cab turned into an articulated tractor unit, EMF 739J, hauling a single-axle step-frame box-van trailer for Post Office Telecommunications Development — a way of taking a…
Post Office Telecommunications United Kingdom
Series IIA
1968The Post Office's cable-fault laboratory on a Land Rover Forward Control: test van SGW 433F, fleet number 292689, of 1968, with its own integral power supply and a duct television rig — camera control, video control…
Post Office Telecommunications United Kingdom
Series IIA
1971Platform Elevating No. 3 Mk III: a 30 cwt Land Rover Forward Control carrying a Spencer HM28 hydraulic platform with a working height of 29 feet, an outreach of 13 ft 6 in, an 8 hp Kohler auxiliary engine for the…
United Kingdom
Defender
1997"Goldilocks": a 1997 Defender Wolf 110, R657 BAC, built for Sir Ranulph Fiennes' cancelled 1998 global expedition and then repainted gold as the support vehicle for the Fifty 50 Challenge — Land Rover employees'…
United Kingdom
Series II
1959Brian Bashall's 1959 Series II 88-inch, VAA 999, rebuilt in 1970 into an off-road competition car for the first Hillrallies of 1971 — roll cage, heavy-duty springs, waterproofed engine, knobbly tyres and a repaint in…
Brian Bashall United Kingdom
Defender
2009The odd one out of the French Defender fleet: a four-door Defender 110 Double Cab pick-up in NATO green with a short canvas load-bed cover, lamp guards and front underbody protection — photographed with the French…
Durisotti United Kingdom, France
Defender
2013French Army Durisotti Defender 130 ambulance, photographed on exercise Joint Warrior 2013 in Scotland: the long-wheelbase medical counterpart of Durisotti's Defender 110 station wagon conversions for the French armed…
Durisotti France
Defender
2007French Army 6072-series Defender 110 station wagon convoy escort: model-year 2007 Puma-engined station wagons fitted out with fold-down CONVOI EXCEPTIONNEL boards, three orange roof beacons, hatched reflective…
United Kingdom
Defender
2005The Czech Military Police's discreetly armoured Defender 110 hard top (Mk.1), shown at IDET 2005 in Brno: outwardly a standard olive Vojenská policie hard top, given away only by four blue roof beacons, STOP lights…
SVOS spol. s r.o. United Kingdom, Czech Republic
Defender
2008Czech Army armoured Defender 110 Mk.2 of the 63-strong NBC battalion contingent that guarded FOB Hadrian with Task Force Uruzgan from October 2008: the second batch of Czech armoured Defenders, with a removable rear…
SVOS spol. s r.o. Czech Republic
Defender
1995Czech airborne battalion Defender 110 windowed hard top command and communications vehicle: partially militarised 24-volt 300Tdi hard tops with substantial roof racks carrying antenna mounts, a wing antenna mount…
Czech Republic
Defender
1995Czech Army Defender 90 300Tdi station wagon used as a staff vehicle, photographed at Wędrzyn in Poland on exercise STRONG RESOLVE 2002 with a white O stencilled on its doors marking it as an observer: NATO IRR green…
Czech Republic
Defender
1983–90An RAF Mobile Air Operations Team Land Rover One Ten hard top at the 4th Armoured Brigade forward headquarters during Operation GRANBY, January 1991 — desert camouflage over the standard hard top, spare on the…
United Kingdom
Defender
2009A Sofia police Defender 110 hard top in the Bulgarian police white and green, registered CA 7993 AK, with ПОЛИЦИЯ along the sides, POLICE on the rear door beneath the spare, opaque rear-quarter panels and blue…
United Kingdom
Defender
2007–11A Bulgarian Border Police Defender 110 station wagon in grey-green with ГРАНИЧНА ПОЛИЦИЯ identification panels on the doors, a blue roof lightbar and the European Union emblem on the rear quarter — the mark of the…
United Kingdom
Defender
1998–2006A Defender 90 Td5 station wagon of San Marino's Polizia Civile: white with the force's red waist band and sill stripe, POLIZIA CIVILE and the Republic's arms on the doors, the emergency number 115 on the rear quarter…
United Kingdom
Defender
2007–09The municipal police Defender 90 of Livigno, the duty-free Alpine town in Lombardy: a white station wagon with the green POLIZIA LOCALE band and COMUNE di LIVIGNO lettering of Italian local police, blue roof beacons…
United Kingdom
Series I
1951–53An 80-inch Series I of the Belgian gendarmerie, finished in the force's Blue Piletta with painted coats of arms, a mast-mounted flashing blue light, a spotlight, a jerry can, a police radio and a door-mounted medical…
Minerva United Kingdom, Belgium
Defender
2012Guernsey Police's armoured Defender 110 — a dark blue protected patrol vehicle with shielded glazing, an elevated roof equipment rack and heavy front protection, bought in 2012 for about £180,000 to reach casualties…
United Kingdom
Series IIA
1969A 1969 Land Rover 109 pickup of the New South Wales Bush Fire Brigade — the volunteer service that became the NSW Rural Fire Service — with a flat metal tray carrying slip-on firefighting equipment, white side…
United Kingdom, Australia
Series II
1960A 1960 Land Rover 109 fire truck of the Snowy Mountains Hydro-Electric Authority, with firefighting equipment by Firefly of London — curved body sides and an exposed rear pump — that protected the camps and works of…
Angus Fire Armour United Kingdom
Defender
1994–2006All-purpose Defender 110 Tdi (véhicule tout usage) of the Forestiers-Sapeurs de Corse-du-Sud at Ajaccio — the departmental forest workers' fire corps — a yellow double-cab pickup with a canvas tilt and a Hella KL7000…
United Kingdom
Defender
2012Brandweer Kalmthout's Defender 130 double-cab pickup K11 (1-DSY-925), built by AB Technics in 2012 for the volunteer brigade whose heathland reserve on the Dutch border is Belgium's most fire-prone terrain — a…
United Kingdom, Belgium
Defender
2014Upper Wharfedale Fell Rescue Association's Defender 110 utility wagon Fell 2, YJ64 BRF, the sister of Fell 1 in the same orange and white mountain rescue ambulance livery, with small blue lamps in the grille, winch…
United Kingdom
Defender
2009–10Upper Wharfedale Fell Rescue Association's Defender 110 utility wagon Fell 1, PO59 ODU, an orange and white mountain rescue ambulance with red and white chequer, a roof rack of stretcher and rescue kit, winch bumper…
United Kingdom
Defender
2009–10Langdale and Ambleside Mountain Rescue Team's Defender 110 station wagon PX09 DNF, a silver-grey rescue ambulance with a fluorescent yellow front and screen frame, red and white chequer, winch bumper and roof rack…
United Kingdom
Defender
2014Teesdale and Weardale Search and Mountain Rescue Team's Defender 110 station wagon NX14 GKO, stationed at Durham fire station alongside sister vehicle NK53 TYA at Barnard Castle, a white rescue ambulance with a…
United Kingdom
Series III
1971–72Preserved Lomas-bodied Land Rover 109 ambulance HUY 944K in Worcestershire Ambulance Service livery — a coachbuilt Series Land Rover run by a county NHS ambulance service for rough-terrain calls, shown at the NEC…
Herbert Lomas Ltd United Kingdom
Series III
1979–85Royal Australian Navy Series III Stage 1 V8 utilities carrying a fire pallet in the tub, on Sunraysia rims and sand tyres for beach clearance work at Beecroft Range around 1983 — two vehicles, ZWD-177 and ZND-559…
United Kingdom
Defender
1992Land Rover Defender 127 box-body ambulance K189 JRR operated by Cobalt Rescue as a motorsport rescue ambulance, with an orange bonnet carrying the spare and four spot lamps, winch bumper, blue and yellow stripes and…
Marshall of Cambridge United Kingdom
Defender
1999Helicopter and Aviation Services' aerodrome fire and rescue Defender 110 hard top, T517 GTH — red with yellow battenburg, callsign 2, a roof ladder and light bar, and a towed water bowser — providing fire cover for…
United Kingdom
Series IIA
1969–70Land Rover UPM 349H of East Sussex Fire Brigade, a 1970 Series IIA 109 with HCB-Angus bodywork, sister to the Uckfield L4P UPM 350H, stationed at Haywards Heath as a light rescue tender and in later life converted…
HCB-Angus United Kingdom
Defender
2001Defender 110 station wagon Y639 TUK liveried as Dorset Search and Rescue but never part of the team's fleet: used by a civilian international major-incident adviser assisting Dorset Police and the MOD on a…
United Kingdom
Defender
2012Border Search and Rescue Unit's Defender 110 station wagon SN12 DSZ, named REIVER: a white mountain rescue Land Rover with a fluorescent waist stripe and team badge, a RESCUE light bar and spot lamps on a roof rack…
United Kingdom
Series III
1971–85Royal Navy Series III 109 fire and rescue Land Rover Q877 OBP from RNAS Portland, a red truck cab with a locker body of rescue gear, ladders on the roof and a barred grille guard, one of the small Series III fire…
United Kingdom
Defender
1997Freiwillige Feuerwehr Windischgarsten's KLF-A, a 1997 Defender 110 rebuilt as a Kleinlöschfahrzeug-Allrad carrying 480 metres of pre-coupled B hose in three sections for rapid hose-line laying, comprehensively…
United Kingdom, Austria
Defender
2010sLand Rover Defender 90 station wagon in Bombeiros Voluntários de Leiria livery serving as a Comando (command) car directing forest-fire and road-accident operations in central Portugal.
United Kingdom
Defender
1990–2007Defender 90 Tdi command car of the Comando Provinciale Vigili del Fuoco at Agrigento, Sicily — one of three Defenders the professional brigade uses as command and liaison vehicles for rural and coastal incidents, in…
United Kingdom
Series III
1971–85Series III 109-inch station wagon with a Rosenbauer-built Kleinlöschfahrzeug fit, operated as KLFA 120 by the volunteer fire brigade of Zell am Moos in Upper Austria and now privately preserved on historic plates.
United Kingdom, Austria
Defender
2011Coniston Mountain Rescue Team's 2011 Defender 110 stretcher carriers, Mobiles 1 and 3: utility wagons with folding steel frames that drop to take a loaded stretcher plus five team members, full internal and external…
United Kingdom
Defender
2010Bolton Mountain Rescue Team's Defender 110 PX60 EAE, one of four Defenders the team operated in 2015 for moorland casualty carrying on the West Pennine Moors, in white with a fluorescent front, orange chequer, a…
United Kingdom
Series III
1982PHB 645Y, a 1982 Series III 109 fire appliance of Gwent Fire Brigade in its blue-lit, old-siren livery — side lockers, roof ladders and hoses still aboard — later worked industrially in north-west England, shown on…
United Kingdom
Defender
1987E887 YLG: a 1987 Land Rover 110 V8 built by Carmichael as a hydrant vehicle for the Sellafield nuclear plant in Cumbria, then rebuilt in 1989 by Storm Fire Protection as a CAA-approved Category 2 airfield fire engine…
Carmichael & Sons United Kingdom
Defender
2002HT02 JVY: a 2002 Defender 110 pickup carrying a firefighting skid, in the lime-yellow livery of Invicta Fire & Rescue for helipad cover — a vehicle that earlier wore red at Goodwood Aerodrome.
United Kingdom
Series III
1972–79The Bates of Evesham forward-control pump: a Land Rover 1-ton 109 chassis with the six-cylinder engine, rebuilt as a cab-over appliance with a four-seat crew cab, roller-shutter lockers and roof ladders after Land…
Bates of Evesham United Kingdom
Series IIA
1973A 1973 Series IIB Forward Control of the Army Fire Service, bodied by HCB-Angus with a crew compartment, open lockers, a rear-mounted Godiva pump of 350 gallons a minute at 10 bar driven off the transfer-box PTO, and…
HCB-Angus United Kingdom
Series II
1959XLE 762, the first Forest Rover: the prototype Roadless Traction conversion of a 1959 Series II 109, on 10×28 six-ply tractor tyres and replacement axles, supplied to the Forestry Commission with what was described…
Roadless Traction Ltd United Kingdom
Defender
1991–94The RAF's helicopter servicing Land Rover in its Defender 110 form: a roof platform to work on a helicopter at height, work lights, a yellow band along the body and a heavy front winch, photographed at RAF Wattisham…
United Kingdom
Defender
1993–2000The Pathfinder Platoon's Long Range Patrol Vehicle: a cutaway Defender 90 — the "Piggyback" — stripped of windscreen and doors by REME 10 Airborne Workshop at Aldershot around 1993, with double jerrycan racks where…
REME 10 Airborne Workshop United Kingdom
Defender
1992The MEDSOV, the 75th Ranger Regiment's casualty-evacuation version of the Ranger Special Operations Vehicle: the same Defender 110 with its rear gun mount removed to carry up to six litters and a pair of spare tyres…
United Kingdom
Defender
1992The Ranger Special Operations Vehicle: a Land Rover Defender 110 built by Land Rover Special Vehicles for the US Army's 75th Ranger Regiment from 1992 to replace its M151 gun jeeps — an open three-man light attack…
United Kingdom
Defender
2008–11The Re-lifed WMIK of 2008: the WMIK rebuilt around an armoured rear V-hull in place of the E-WMIK's suspended belly plates, with suspension uprated to a 4,100 kg gross weight, Bilstein dampers to steady the vehicle…
Ricardo plc United Kingdom
Defender
2006–08The Enhanced WMIK of 2006: the Wolf-based weapons platform given uprated suspension for more payload, the MAPIK modular armour kit against IEDs — wheel-arch and belly plates — alloy wheels designed to fragment rather…
Ricardo plc United Kingdom
Defender
1996–2001A Defender XD 110 in plain white, as driven by the Special Boat Service around Mazar-i-Sharif in late 2001 when an SBS unit was the quick reaction force for northern Afghanistan — the standard Wolf-family soft top…
United Kingdom
Series II
1958–61A Royal Navy bomb disposal Land Rover of the Series era: a 109-inch station wagon in the Navy's dark blue with red-masked front wings and rear arches, RN lettering on wing and doors, a bomb disposal notice on the…
United Kingdom
Defender
1997–2000The Czech Army's airborne workhorse: a 300 Tdi Defender 110 soft top with a windowed canopy, two-piece doors, a side-hinged tailgate and a bonnet-mounted spare, carrying eight paratroopers on inward-facing benches in…
United Kingdom
Defender
1997–2000The short-wheelbase Czech paratroop Defender: a 300 Tdi Defender 90 soft top with a windowed canopy, two-piece doors and a bonnet spare, in NATO IRR green with Czech roundels — the 110's companion in the airborne…
United Kingdom
Series IIA
1964–71An Australian Army Series IIA 109 in the workshop form the census code 6040A describes — a telecommunications repair shop: a separate cab ahead of a hard box body carrying the benches and test gear of a signals…
Pressed Metal Corporation United Kingdom, Australia
Series III
1974–75Belgian Army Series III 88-inch staff car with canvas top, 4×2 transmission and limited-slip differential.
United Kingdom
Defender
2009A stone-coloured 6092-series Durisotti Defender 110 Station Wagon of the French Army Special Forces Command, fitted out for JTAC work with an external rollover cage carrying LED lights, kangaroo bars, mesh screens…
Durisotti United Kingdom, France
Defender
2009The French Army's convoy escort Defender: a 6072-series Durisotti-converted 110 Station Wagon in NATO green, carrying three orange roof beacons, fold-down CONVOI EXCEPTIONNEL boards and plated rear door windows — one…
Durisotti United Kingdom, France
Defender
2010–11The Véhicule Tactique d'Avitaillement: an open Land Rover carrying TITAN Défense's tactical hot-refuelling dispenser — a 20-metre suction hose on a reel behind the cab, two 40-metre delivery hoses, and filtering…
Otokar, Titan Défense France, Turkey
Defender
1990–98A Tdi-era Land Rover Defender 110 Station Wagon of the Croatian police in white with the blue-and-yellow POLICIJA stripe, its glazing — windscreen included — caged in mesh guards, with a roof rack carrying the spare…
United Kingdom
Defender
1988An Otokar APV — the Turkish-built descendant of the Shorland S55, on the Land Rover Defender 110 chassis — in Turkish National Police white and blue, with mesh-guarded glazing, droppable vision blocks along each rear…
Otokar, Short Brothers Turkey, United Kingdom
Defender
1990The last Land Rover of the Mersey Tunnels Police: a 1990 white Defender 90 hard top with a red stripe edged in blue, TUNNEL POLICE door lettering and a blue roof lightbar, run by the small independent force that…
United Kingdom
Series IIA
1970Vaduz’s 1970 Marte-bodied Series IIB Forward Control Pikettfahrzeug, with an integrated cab, crew compartment and equipment body.
Marte Feuerwehrfahrzeuge United Kingdom, Austria
Defender
2013The Armée de l'Air's mobile command post: a Defender 130 carrying a tall box body by Essonne Sécurité, lettered VÉHICULE POSTE DE COMMANDEMENT in fire-service red with yellow chevrons and a blue lightbar, run by the…
Essonne Sécurité United Kingdom, France
Series III
2011BVVB Campo de Besteiros light fire appliance VLCI 06, with a Series III cab, rear pump, twin hose reels and overhead suction-pipe and ladder storage.
Carmichael & Sons United Kingdom
Defender
2009DVD Blaguša's red Defender 110 station wagon, with a white roof, full-length equipment rack, roof-mounted spare and blue warning beacons.
United Kingdom
Defender
2006Yellow ONF Var Defender 110 logistics and forest-fire patrol vehicle, with a canvas-covered rear bed, external cab protection and DFCI markings.
United Kingdom
Series III
1978Unipart's 1978 six-cylinder Series III fire tender, fitted with full-width Carmichael coachwork, tall cab glazing and roller-shutter equipment lockers.
Carmichael & Sons United Kingdom
Defender
2005Otokar's licence-built military Land Rover ambulance: a Defender 110 with a rounded over-cab body enclosing a two-stretcher treatment compartment, 300 Tdi power and raised air intake, finished matt NATO green with…
Otokar Turkey, United Kingdom
Series IIA
1963–64Air Portable General Purpose: an amphibious, air-portable 109-inch Series IIA built for British Army troop trials in 1964, with a foam-filled chassis, rubberised flotation bags inflated from the exhaust and a…
United Kingdom
Series III
1974–80The first production Shorland Armoured Personnel Vehicle, marketed from 1974: a turretless, fully enclosed body on the Mark 3 Shorland's six-cylinder chassis, carrying a crew of eight behind eight gun ports with no…
RUC Vehicle Engineering, Seapark, Short Brothers United Kingdom
Series IIA
1968–73The one-off turretless demonstrator that opened the Shorland's enclosed-body branch: a Shorland hull with no turret, extended rear sides and a thin steel roof, built by Short Brothers & Harland in Belfast and…
Short Brothers United Kingdom
Defender
1988–96The turretless troop-carrying member of the Series 5: an eight-man enclosed armoured personnel vehicle on the Defender 110 chassis, with four doors, eight firing ports and a sloped roof that sheds thrown objects, and…
Short Brothers United Kingdom
Series III
1980–90The V8 generation of the enclosed Shorland Armoured Personnel Vehicle, reworked by Short Brothers around the Stage One long-wheelbase Series III chassis. The forward-set radiator and angular front wheel arches…
RUC Vehicle Engineering, Seapark, Short Brothers United Kingdom
Defender
1996Airport anti-hijack car that gave the discontinued S51 body a second life: armoured glass panels let into the hull and the turret for all-round vision, a sniper's rifle mount in the turret front, and a brilliant…
Short Brothers United Kingdom
Defender
1980–96Turretless air-defence member of the Series 5 family: an S52 whose turret ring carries a pintle-mounted Shorts lightweight multiple launcher with three canistered Blowpipe, Javelin or Starburst missiles, six reloads…
Short Brothers United Kingdom
Defender
1980sThe opening Series 5 Shorland: a turreted armoured patrol car that carried the familiar sloping-tail Shorland shape onto the coil-sprung Land Rover 110 chassis, with only a small escape hatch in the rear panel. It…
Short Brothers United Kingdom
Series III
1972–80The Ulster Defence Regiment's Mark 3 Shorland: the same 2,625 cc six-cylinder turreted patrol car as the Dutch cars, but delivered new from 1972 in olive drab on xxFLxx and xxGFxx military registrations, with…
Short Brothers United Kingdom
Series IIA
1967–72A thicker-skinned second-generation Shorland patrol car — armour raised from 7.25 mm to 8.25 mm on the same Series IIA chassis and 2,286 cc four — of which only about 50 were built. It is identified by the double…
Short Brothers United Kingdom
Defender
1980–96The definitive Series 5 armoured patrol car: an S51 lengthened behind the crew compartment so that the extended rear cabin could carry weapons, ammunition and radios, reached through a large rear hatch instead of the…
Short Brothers United Kingdom
Defender
1990–2011Otokar's Turkish-built development of the Shorland S55, sold as the ZPT — Zırhlı Personel Taşıyıcı, or Armoured Personnel Transporter. Built on Otokar's own strengthened Defender 110 chassis and re-engined and…
Otokar, Short Brothers Turkey, United Kingdom
Series III
1986–90A Shorts Armoured Personnel Vehicle in Royal Air Force Police service — the enclosed, turretless Shorland used for guard-force work at RAF stations at home and, in RAF Germany, for securing Special Weapons sites and…
Short Brothers United Kingdom
Series III
1969–80The best-selling turreted Shorland — over 500 built, most on Series III chassis with the 2,625 cc six-cylinder — here in Dutch Rijkspolitie form. The Dienst Luchtvaart kept four and later five at Schiphol from 1976…
Short Brothers United Kingdom
Series I
1950Jack Oliver Dobson's 1950 80-inch Series I: a fully rebuilt example of Land Rover's first, pre-Series shape, campaigned by the Brisbane classic Land Rover specialist who also runs the Shop Truck in this registry. It…
Jack Oliver Dobson United Kingdom, Australia
Series IIA
1961–72Australia's own long-range patrol Land Rover: AMF-spec Series IIA 109 General Service trucks stripped of doors, roof, windscreen and tailgate and rebuilt in Perth for the Special Air Service Regiment, carrying 360…
State Engineering Australia, United Kingdom
Series IIA
1961–72Not an ambulance conversion but an ordinary Series IIA 109 General Service truck given a set of stretcher rails: the Australian Army's 'Fitted With Stretcher Frame' vehicles carried C-section rails and a bulkhead…
United Kingdom
Series II
1959–64An 88-inch Land Rover made to carry two stretchers by extending its floor out past the tailgate and stretching the canvas over longer hoops to cover the overhang — a short, nimble casualty carrier that could get…
United Kingdom, Australia
Series IIA
1964–71A Series IIA 109 general service Land Rover converted at unit level into a line layer - 'Fitted For Line' - with a tubular frame over the body for cable-laying ladders and one or two cable reels in the rear. Despite…
Pressed Metal Corporation United Kingdom, Australia
Perentie
1987–92The radio-carrying Perentie: 'Truck, Utility, Lightweight, FFR, MC2', a 110 4x4 with an auxiliary 28-volt supply, two under-floor battery banks, a bulkhead power distribution panel and four antenna bases on the tray…
JRA Limited (Jaguar Rover Australia) Australia
Perentie
1987–2000The standard Surveillance and Reconnaissance Vehicle as delivered - the plain SRV before the special forces mission kit, with its stepped high canopy, taller roll-over protection, twin spare tyres on the left rear…
JRA Limited (Jaguar Rover Australia) Australia
Perentie
1987–92The station-wagon Perentie: 'Truck, Carryall, Lightweight, Personnel, MC2', a nine-seat 110 wagon with a safari roof, no alpine windows and a single side-hinged rear door. Only 38 were built, making it one of the…
JRA Limited (Jaguar Rover Australia) Australia
Perentie
1989–92'Truck, Air Defence, Light, FFR, Winch, MC2' - the Perentie 6x6 built to carry a ground-based air defence detachment of three with either six Rapier or twelve RBS-70 missiles and their fire and target equipment.…
JRA Limited (Jaguar Rover Australia) Australia
Perentie
1989A Perentie 6x6 carrying a Parakeet communications shelter - the Australian Army's mobile trunk and satellite communications system, developed by AWA Defence Industries under project JP65 and fielded from the…
AWA Defence Industries, BAE Systems Australia Australia, United Kingdom
Perentie
1989–92The four-door crew cab Perentie 6x6 - 'Truck, Crew Cab, Light, Winch, MC2' - built to carry five soldiers under cover with a canvas-tilted cargo tray behind them. Just 26 were built, the smallest of the mainstream…
JRA Limited (Jaguar Rover Australia) Australia
Santana Cazorla
1982The Santana Cazorla is the top-of-the-range 109-inch station wagon that Santana Motor of Linares built from 1982 as an evolution of its Series III 109 Especial, and the 'Cazorla 6' is the version fitted with…
Santana Motor (Metalúrgica de Santa Ana) Spain
Santana 1300
1967–78A Santana 1300 forward-control chassis-cab bodied as a canvas-tilt recovery and breakdown truck. The 1300 was Santana's own 1.3-tonne forward-control lorry, built at Linares from 1967 to 1978 on Series IIA 109-inch…
Santana Motor (Metalúrgica de Santa Ana) Spain
Santana 1300
1967–78The Santana 1300 Bomberos is the forward-control Santana 1.3-tonne truck bodied as a light fire appliance, a combination widely used by Spanish municipal and forest fire brigades from the late 1960s onwards. Madrid's…
FIMESA, Santana Motor (Metalúrgica de Santa Ana) Spain
Santana 1300
1967–78A real Spanish fire appliance: a crew-cab (doble cabina) Santana 1300, the forward-control Linares-built 1.3-tonne truck bodied for firefighting with a lengthened cab seating a full crew ahead of the pump, tank and…
FIMESA, Santana Motor (Metalúrgica de Santa Ana) Spain
Defender
1989–90The V8-powered 127-inch Rapier detachment vehicle built by Land Rover Special Projects, which took over from the 101 Forward Control as the British Rapier air defence tractor at the end of the 1980s: a long-wheelbase…
United Kingdom
Defender
2010–11Project HEBE was a British Ministry of Defence programme, begun in 2009-10, to convert surplus Land Rover Defender 130 'Pulse' battlefield ambulances into four-man high-capacity double-cab pick-up trucks. Up to 500…
Defence Support Group United Kingdom
Santana Series (88/109)
1970–80The Mercurio was the radio station (estación radio) of the Spanish Army's Programa OLIMPO signals system, carried in the hard-topped signals body of a Santana-built Land Rover 109 — the LR-109 ETRS. The Type B…
Spanish Army Jefatura de Transmisiones, Santana Motor (Metalúrgica de Santa Ana) Spain
Santana PS-10 / Aníbal
2002–11The UME Aníbal is the Santana Aníbal station wagon in the colours of Spain's Unidad Militar de Emergencias, the joint-service military emergency unit created in 2005. Some 225 were taken on charge across all of the…
Santana Motor (Metalúrgica de Santa Ana) Spain
Santana Series (88/109)
1960–2000The Spanish Army's Santana 109 Militar ambulance: a long-wheelbase Santana-built Land Rover with a full-width hard box body, twin rear doors carrying red crosses on white panels, roof beacons and stretcher…
Santana Motor (Metalúrgica de Santa Ana) Spain
Santana PS-10 / Aníbal
2002–11A stripped, open cab-top Santana Aníbal in Spanish Army green, presented as a special-operations patrol vehicle. The open cab-top Aníbal is a genuine Spanish Army body style, but no dedicated special-operations…
Santana Motor (Metalúrgica de Santa Ana) Spain
Santana PS-10 / Aníbal
2002–11The Policía Militar Aníbal is the Spanish military police version of Santana's last vehicle: an army-green Aníbal — most often the canvas-tilt soft top — carrying white 'PM' markings and a blue light bar for escort…
Santana Motor (Metalúrgica de Santa Ana) Spain
Santana PS-10 / Aníbal
2002–11The soft-top Santana Aníbal is the Spanish Army's canvas-tilt version of Santana Motor's last vehicle: a two-door cab with a tan canvas hood over the rear body, on the same 2,768 mm wheelbase and Iveco 2.8-litre…
Santana Motor (Metalúrgica de Santa Ana) Spain
Santana PS-10 / Aníbal
2002–11The Santana Aníbal is the last vehicle Santana Motor developed on its own, a heavily reworked descendant of the Santana 2500 that was shown in 2002 and sold from 2004 until the Linares factory closed in 2011.…
Santana Motor (Metalúrgica de Santa Ana) Spain
Santana 2000 FC
1979A Santana 2000 forward-control chassis-cab bodied as a double-cab fire appliance. The 2000 was Santana's two-tonne truck, launched in February 1979 to replace the 1300, powered by the company's own 3,429 cc straight…
Santana Motor (Metalúrgica de Santa Ana) Spain
Santana 2000 FC
1979A Santana 2000 forward-control two-tonne truck with a canvas tilt over the rear cargo body, presented in Spanish military finish. The Santana 2000 chassis-cab, launched in February 1979 with the company's 3,429 cc…
Santana Motor (Metalúrgica de Santa Ana) Spain
Santana 2000 FC
1979The flat-tray Santana 2000: the Linares-built two-tonne forward-control chassis-cab with an open drop-side platform body — the plainest and most common way the type was bodied. The chassis and the platform body are…
Santana Motor (Metalúrgica de Santa Ana) Spain
Santana 2000 FC
1979A Santana 2000 forward-control chassis-cab carrying a box-bodied mobile radio station, presented in Spanish military finish. The 2000 chassis and its box-van body option are documented; the Spanish Army's own radio…
Santana Motor (Metalúrgica de Santa Ana) Spain
Santana 2000 FC
1979A Santana 2000 forward-control two-tonne 4x4 converted into an autocaravana — a go-anywhere motorhome on the Linares-built chassis-cab, with a coachbuilt living body raised well above the original cab line. The…
Santana Motor (Metalúrgica de Santa Ana), Taller de Carrocería Manuel Santana Spain
Defender
1995–96A Defender 90 hard top of the Coastguard Rescue Service, in HM Coastguard's dark blue and yellow livery: the 4×4 that carries a volunteer Coastguard Rescue Team and its rope, mud and search equipment to the cliff top…
United Kingdom
Defender
2014Blackpool Council's Beach Patrol Land Rover Defender 110 station wagon — a white, yellow-flashed rescue vehicle carrying a rescue board and buoyancy aids on its roof rack, used to patrol the six miles of Blackpool…
United Kingdom
Defender
1983–2016Open-topped Land Rover Defender 130 safari tourer — the long-wheelbase 'game viewer' conversion, with the roof and side glass removed, a folding windscreen and tiered rows of raised passenger seats under a canvas…
Foley Specialist Vehicles United Kingdom
Defender
2010Greater Manchester Police's armoured Land Rover Defender 110 — a heavily armoured, deliberately unmarked blue-grey protected patrol vehicle based at Manchester Airport and documented in the force's armed-policing…
United Kingdom
Defender
1990–2010Royal Navy Explosive Ordnance Disposal Land Rover Defender 110 — the white, blue-lamped support vehicle used by Royal Navy clearance-diving EOD teams, including the Northern Diving Group at HMNB Clyde (Faslane), to…
United Kingdom
Defender
2005Cleveland Fire Brigade's Land Rover Defender 130 Line Rescue unit, NX05 FVA — a 2005 crew-cab Defender carrying a demountable box body of rope-rescue and water-rescue equipment, based at Coulby Newham fire station on…
United Kingdom
Defender
2004Bay Search & Rescue's Land Rover Defender 130 ambulance — a box-bodied, battenburg-marked all-terrain ambulance run by the independent volunteer rescue charity that covers the quicksands and mudflats of Morecambe Bay…
United Kingdom
Defender
2000–09Land Rover Defender 130 light rescue appliance of the Falkland Islands Fire & Rescue Service, run as 'Rescue 1' (fleet number F1946) from Stanley as the islands' first-response road traffic collision vehicle.
United Kingdom
Defender
2015–16Land Rover Defender crew-cab rescue vehicle 'CRO 2' (PJ65 XCY) of the Cave Rescue Organisation, the Clapham-based Yorkshire Dales team that is the oldest cave rescue organisation in the world.
Lakeland Conversions United Kingdom
Defender
1985–86Cumbria Constabulary Land Rover One Ten station wagon C931 MHH, a mid-1980s white police patrol wagon with orange-and-chequered livery and an oversized roof beacon, photographed on patrol beside the M6 in the…
United Kingdom
Series III
1968–85An unidentified build in the style of the SAS's open desert patrol Land Rovers, applied to a Series III 109. The SAS's documented patrol vehicles were the Series IIA 'Pink Panther' and the later 110 Desert Patrol…
United Kingdom
Series I
1949–50Royal Air Force Series I 88in aircraft crash rescue Land Rover - an RAF blue-grey soft top lettered AIRCRAFT CRASH RESCUE, of the type that replaced the wartime crash-rescue Jeeps as the first-away rescue vehicle on…
Marshall of Cambridge United Kingdom
Series II
1958–61Preserved Royal Navy Series II 88in hard top rescue Land Rover SSK 357 - gloss dark navy with ROYAL NAVY RESCUE roof sign, twin searchlights and a rope-rigged front winch, of the type kept as first-away rescue trucks…
United Kingdom
Defender
2009–11The Kajman ('caiman') is the Czech Army's Defender 130-based light strike vehicle: an open patrol body with roll cage, ring-mounted machine gun and front jerry-can carriers, converted by SVOS of Přelouč. 79 were…
SVOS spol. s r.o. Czech Republic, United Kingdom
Perentie
1987The surveillance arm of Australia's Perentie 4x4 family: the canvas-bodied RFSV (Regional Force Surveillance Vehicle), 231 of which were built for the outback patrol units NORFORCE, the Pilbara Regiment and 51 FNQR…
JRA Limited (Jaguar Rover Australia) Australia
109″ · High headlights · Curved rear mudguards
1962–66Land Rover's first forward-control truck: the Series IIA Forward Control of 1962-1966 put a cab over the engine of a strengthened 109-inch chassis to carry a 30 cwt payload. Distinguished from its IIB successor by…
United Kingdom
101″ · Rapier equipment carrier
1976–78The Australian Army's Rapier tractor: one of 58 right-hand-drive 101 Forward Controls built at Solihull in 1976–78 for the British Aircraft Corporation and delivered with the Rapier surface-to-air missile system…
United Kingdom
101″ · Electronic Warfare
1975–78The rarest 101 Forward Control body: an electronic-warfare conversion of the 24-volt radio-bodied 101, carrying a roof antenna array and a screened interior, used by 14 Signal Regiment in Germany to direction-find…
United Kingdom
101″ · Radio communications body
1972–78The radio-bodied 101 Forward Control: a demountable box body on the V8 cab-over chassis, almost always wired for 24 volts to match British Army radio sets, used as a signals vehicle and command post and later as the…
United Kingdom
101″ · General Service · Canvas cargo body
1972–78The General Service cargo form of the Land Rover 101 Forward Control, the V8-powered 'One Tonne' cab-over truck built for the British military 1972-1978. All 2,669 left Solihull as soft-top GS gun tractors, designed…
United Kingdom
Series IIA
19691969 Land Rover Series IIA 109in RAF crash rescue ambulance TRP 291G, a Marshall of Cambridge-bodied ambulance specialised for the rapid recovery of airfield incident casualties, fitted with a large front crash bar.
Marshall of Cambridge United Kingdom
Series III
1980–90The last of the leaf-sprung turreted Shorlands, in production from 1980 with the Rover V8 in place of the six. Fitting the larger engine pushed the radiator well forward, and that forward grille — with recessed door…
Short Brothers United Kingdom
Defender
2011The OVIK Pangolin is an armoured public-order patrol vehicle built on the heavy-duty Land Rover Defender 110 'Puma' chassis for the Police Service of Northern Ireland, which began replacing its RUC-era Tangi armoured…
ABBA Commercials, OVIK United Kingdom
Defender
1998Six-wheel crew-cab fire appliance built on an extended Land Rover Defender, typified by the one-off 1998 6×6 appliance that protected Land Rover's own Gaydon proving ground for nearly two decades.
GB Fire United Kingdom
Series III
1980–89Land Rover-approved 6×6 conversion of the Series III Stage One V8 by the Sandringham Motor Company (SMC Engineering, Bristol), sold in 125-inch (S6) and 139-inch (S6E) wheelbases as a two-ton load carrier; the…
Hotspur Armoured Products, Sandringham Motor Company (SMC Engineering) United Kingdom
Series III
1982–87Armoured personnel carrier developed as a private venture by Hotspur Armoured Products on the Sandringham 6 — the Land Rover-approved 6×6 conversion of the Series III Stage One V8 engineered by the Sandringham Motor…
Hotspur Armoured Products, Sandringham Motor Company (SMC Engineering) United Kingdom
Series III
1980sAir-defence configuration of the Hotspur/SMC Sandringham 6 6×6 Stage One V8, carrying a twin 20 mm Rheinmetall Rh 202 anti-aircraft mount on the load bed; documented only from period Sandringham 6 promotional…
Hotspur Armoured Products, Sandringham Motor Company (SMC Engineering) United Kingdom
Series III
1970sA mine-protected conversion of the Series III 109 Land Rover, with hooped roll bars and deflective belly armour, of the pattern Britain supplied to the Commonwealth Monitoring Force for the Rhodesia-Zimbabwe…
United Kingdom
Defender
1984The Hotspur Hussar is a 6x6 armoured personnel carrier built by Hotspur Armoured Products of Wales on a stretched Land Rover One Ten chassis with a third, driven rear axle, first shown in 1984 and exported to Egypt…
Hotspur Armoured Products, Penman Engineering United Kingdom
Series IIA
1962Vickers-Armstrongs' 1962 experimental air-cushion Land Rover: a hovercraft-style skirt and fan conversion, demonstrated at South Marston, that part-supported the vehicle on an air cushion while its wheels kept traction.
Vickers-Armstrongs United Kingdom
Series II
1958–60A 1958 Series II 109" fitted with a powered luggage conveyor running the length of the vehicle, conceived by Peter Moy for airport baggage and cargo handling; believed to be the only 109-inch Moy Conveyor built.
Precision Engineering Products (Suffolk) Ltd United Kingdom
Series IIA
1970–71Air-Drive Ltd's 1970-71 'Harrier': a strengthened Series IIA 109" carrying a McConnel PA44 hydraulic backhoe at the rear and a Montabert hydraulic concrete breaker at the front — a Land Rover-based mini-digger aimed…
Air-Drive Ltd United Kingdom
Huge forward cab; broad truck stance; recovery equipment and yellow livery.
1962One-off 1962 forward-control military load-carrier prototype on a purpose-built 112-inch chassis, nicknamed 'Buttercup' for its yellow livery. Rejected by the military, it was converted into a recovery vehicle and…
United Kingdom
Series II
1965–95The 'Gastrowagon' is the Series II 109" Land Rover (HEB 170X) converted into a mobile kitchen - complete with an upturned-boat sleeping roof - for Hugh Fearnley-Whittingstall's Channel 4 series A Cook on the Wild…
John Brown 4x4 United Kingdom
Series IIA
1965The 1965 OTAL — One Ton Amphibious Land Rover — a one-off factory prototype with watertight aluminium hull compartments and foam-filled buoyancy, built for Australian Army trials and propelled in the water by its own…
United Kingdom
Defender
1993A 1993 Land Rover 110 Special Operations Vehicle trials demonstrator, one of three vehicles built around the US 75th Ranger Regiment's requirement that produced the Ranger SOV, and the pioneer of the roll-cage and…
Marshall of Cambridge United Kingdom
Series I
1950Experimental 1950 Series I fitted with the military Rolls-Royce B40 petrol engine for Army engine-standardisation trials, its rear axle moved back an inch to create the so-called 81-inch wheelbase. Around 33-34 were…
Hudson Motors Ltd United Kingdom
Defender
19861986 ex-Ministry of Defence Land Rover Ninety (64 KF 64) converted in 1996 into one of the British Army Motoring Association's four rally team vehicles, running under the radio call sign 'Romeo Four'. Retired in…
British Army Motoring Association United Kingdom
Series IIA
1968A 1968 Series IIA 88 issued to the British Army of the Rhine and rebuilt by army workshops in Germany as a black-painted ceremonial and security vehicle — complete with VW Beetle hubcaps and mirrors — used during…
British Army (BAOR) Workshops United Kingdom, Germany
Defender
1995One-off 1995 mobile weapons platform by British Independent Reconnaissance and Strike Technology (UK) Ltd, built on a 1984 Land Rover One Ten V8 with a fire-retardant GRP body over a tubular-steel spaceframe; shown…
British Independent Reconnaissance and Strike Technology United Kingdom
Defender
2007Steve Burgess's amphibious 2007 Defender 110 (YK07 DTA), which on 8 August 2008 became the first road vehicle to swim across the Bering Strait, using bolt-on pontoons, a propeller drive and caterpillar tracks.…
Steve Burgess United Kingdom
Discovery 1
1991The Challenger was a 1991 Land Rover engineering study for a common platform spanning the whole model range. Three prototypes were built; the sole survivor, military-style pick-up JUNO01 - a hand-built body on a…
United Kingdom
Series III
19751975 Series III Land Rover converted by Carmichael & Sons of Worcester to their Redwing FT/5 fire appliance specification, which served the works fire brigade of the Cape Hill Brewery in Smethwick. Donated to the…
Carmichael & Sons United Kingdom
Defender
20112011 Defender 110 utility fitted with a front snowplough blade and rear grit spreader, retired from seasonal winter-maintenance work with a Scottish local authority and preserved as WOR 03 in the Land Rover Heritage…
United Kingdom
Series I
1952A 1952 military Series I stripped to a bare driveable chassis as an Army instructional aid at the School of Electrical and Mechanical Engineers, Bordon — on its 2014 retirement, the oldest serving Land Rover in Army…
REME / SEME Bordon United Kingdom
Tiny open driving station; articulated centre; narrow agricultural working layout.
1998A one-off 1998 Land Rover concept for a high-mobility off-road farmer's runaround: a centre-articulated space frame carrying the engine, gearbox and suspension of a scrapyard Subaru Sumo. The sole prototype (chassis…
United Kingdom
Defender
1994–96One of the Wolf-specification Defender 110s prepared by Land Rover Special Vehicles for Sir Ranulph Fiennes' cancelled 1997-98 Global Expedition, riding on four Mattracks rubber track units and equipped to drive a…
United Kingdom
Series IIA
19681968 Series IIA 109 pickup fitted from new with a Harvey Frost 30cwt recovery crane, worked for 52 years by one Hampshire garage and now preserved, unrestored, in the Land Rover Heritage Collection.
Harvey Frost & Co. United Kingdom
Huge sculpted yellow body; enclosed wheels; deeply recessed glazing.
1970–94Futuristic yellow 'City Cab' taxi built by Rover Group on 1970s Land Rover 101 Forward Control chassis for the 1995 film Judge Dredd; 22 were made and the sole fully-fitted example is preserved at the British Motor…
United Kingdom
Series III
1960–85The civilian Carawagon: the Land Rover 109 Station Wagon turned into a four-berth camper by R. J. Searle Ltd of Sunbury-on-Thames, identified by a full-length elevating roof of aluminium and marine plywood that bows…
Searle Ltd (Carawagon) United Kingdom
Series IIA
1968–71The Searle Mini-Carawagon, Carawagon International's compact camper conversion of the late Series IIA 88-inch hard top, with side windows and the folding elevating roof in a short-wheelbase package, offered in 1970…
Searle Ltd (Carawagon) United Kingdom
Series IIA
1968–71The Carawagon de Luxe, the higher-trim version of Searle's Carawagon camper conversion of the Series IIA 109 station wagon, sold by Carawagon International in 1970 with the elevating roof, double-level sleeping and a…
Searle Ltd (Carawagon) United Kingdom
Series IIA
1968–71The Carawagon Ultimate, the top-specification Searle Carawagon camper conversion marketed with the Continental in 1970 — a Series IIA 109 station wagon equipped for long-distance overland travel with roof cargo…
Searle Ltd (Carawagon) United Kingdom
Series IIA
1968–71The Carawagon Safari, R.J. Searle's short-wheelbase camper conversion of the 88-inch three-door Land Rover: no elevating roof was offered, the conversion instead removing the bulkhead and fitting seats that fold into…
Searle Ltd (Carawagon) United Kingdom
Series III
1971–85The Carawagon Continental — R.J. Searle's camper conversion of the five-door 109 station wagon with the folding wood-and-metal elevating roof, roof rack and a rear tent annexe pitched against the tailgate.
Searle Ltd (Carawagon) United Kingdom
Series IIA
1960–70The Carawagon Model 80 mobile education unit, one of R.J. Searle's standard 'special versions' of the Series IIA 109 three-door Carawagon: an outdoor classroom on each side of the vehicle with a large extending…
Searle Ltd (Carawagon) United Kingdom
Series IIA
1960–70The Carawagon Model 80 mobile clinic, one of R.J. Searle's standard 'special versions' of the Series IIA 109 three-door Carawagon: a roving clinic for remote villages with an elevating roof, folding stretcher, sink…
Searle Ltd (Carawagon) United Kingdom
Series III
1978–84British Army command-post version of the Searle Carawagon camper conversion: around 34 Series III 109s with elevating arched roofs, blackout curtains and map tables, converted from about 1978 for field commanders in…
Searle Ltd (Carawagon) United Kingdom
Defender
2000A 2000 Defender 130 Td5 ambulance bodied by MMB International (Macclesfield Motor Bodies) that served St John Ambulance Guernsey as a first-responder, now preserved complete with its medical equipment by the Land…
MMB International United Kingdom
Series III
1985One of four New Zealand Defence Force Stage 1 109s converted for electronic warfare, with hardtop equipment body, aerial-mast roof rack, side fuel tanks and dual rear wheels to carry the surveillance fit — the…
United Kingdom, New Zealand
Series IIA
1966Queen Elizabeth II's personal 1966 Series IIA 109 Station Wagon (JYV 1D) — one of the first with the 2.6-litre six-cylinder engine, upgraded with leather seats, a wooden dog guard and side steps — famous from the…
United Kingdom
Defender
1990One of three armoured Land Rover One Thirty 'special builds' commissioned in 1990 for Reuters war correspondents. The running survivor (G989 VUE) is with the Land Rover Heritage Collection; a sister vehicle, hit by…
United Kingdom
Series IIA
1967A 1967 Series IIA 88-inch hardtop in Post Office red Royal Mail livery, of the type the GPO used for deliveries in the remoter parts of the UK; the preserved example (PKH 495F) belongs to the Land Rover Heritage…
United Kingdom
Defender
2000One of three armoured Defender 110 Station Wagon prototypes built in South Africa in 2000 from CKD kits, the Td5-powered 'Taurus' was a discreet three-ton armoured car thought to have been intended for sale through…
South Africa, United Kingdom
Defender
1985–2010Project Tithonus was the British MoD's life-extension programme of the late 2000s, in which ABRO workshops refurbished 1985–87 Land Rover Ninety and One Ten hard tops — new Wolf-style hard tops, roll-over protection…
ABRO (Army Base Repair Organisation) United Kingdom
Defender
2000Defender 110 High Capacity Pick-Up converted by Land Rover Special Vehicles as Lara Croft's expedition vehicle for Lara Croft: Tomb Raider (2001); three were built and two survive.
United Kingdom
Defender
1994A 1994 development prototype from the Wolf programme: a 110 TUM fitted with a one-off extra-height hard top, used by Land Rover Engineering for trials and later as a data-retrieval rig, and now preserved in the…
United Kingdom
Defender
1998The winterised/waterproofed Wolf: a Royal Marines-oriented development of the TUM HS able to wade 1.5 m of salt or fresh water and operate at -46 °C, with raised air intake, sealed switchgear, rear-mounted heaters…
United Kingdom
Series I
1955'Cambridge' (SNX 761) is the light-blue sister car to 'Oxford' on the 1955-56 Oxford & Cambridge Far Eastern Expedition, the 'First Overland' from London to Singapore. Sold on in 1957, it crashed into a ravine in…
United Kingdom
Snow Trac
1960–90Snow Tracs were used in Antarctica by research organisations including the Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions, and several survive in museums with Antarctic exhibits.
Aktiv-Fischer, Åmål Sweden
Snow Trac
1960–90NATO forces and the Royal Marines ran Snow Tracs through the Cold War.
Aktiv-Fischer, Åmål Sweden
Snow Trac
1970–81Some Snow Tracs were made in Scotland as well as at Åmål, taking the total over 2,300.
Aktiv-Fischer (Scottish production) Sweden, United Kingdom
FV600
1963–65125 Mk 1s delivered between 1963 and 1965, the first of the amphibious load carriers.
Alvis, Coventry United Kingdom
FV600
1966–71Sweden bought 31, Germany and Austria three each and Italy one; civil operators ran Stalwarts in France, Thailand and Britain.
Alvis, Coventry United Kingdom
FV600
1960–88Fourteen Saracens with the Royal Hong Kong Police Force, retired in 1988.
Alvis, Coventry United Kingdom
FV600
1953–56280 Saracens ordered by South Africa between 1953 and 1956 — the largest single export order.
Alvis, Coventry United Kingdom
FV600
1969–93The Saracen with the British Army in Northern Ireland, alongside the Humber Pig.
Alvis, Coventry United Kingdom
FV600
1960Still in service in 2024 with Honduras (48), Nigeria (20), Tunisia (20), Sri Lanka (15) and Mauritania (10).
Alvis, Coventry United Kingdom
CVR(T)
1978The ambulance and the command vehicle of the CVR(T) family, on the raised-roof hull.
Alvis, Coventry United Kingdom
CVR(T)
1978–2005The recovery vehicle and the Swingfire missile carrier of the CVR(T) family.
Alvis, Coventry United Kingdom
CVR(T)
1982The Scorpion and Scimitar with the Blues and Royals in the Falklands — the lightest armour in the campaign, and the only vehicles that could cross the peat.
Alvis, Coventry United Kingdom
HMMWV
1984The basic Humvee: the M998 cargo and troop carrier and the M1038 with a winch, soft top and two or four seats with a cargo bed, the version that replaced the M151 jeep and the M880 pick-up.
AM General United States
HMMWV
1984The gun Humvee: the M1025 and the winch-equipped M1026 with a hard top, a weapons ring for the .50 calibre M2 or the Mk 19, and basic armour; the scout and military-police Humvee.
AM General United States
HMMWV
1984The Humvee ambulance: the M996 two-litter and M997 four-litter maxi-ambulance with a tall insulated box body, air conditioning and a ventilation system, replacing the M792 of the jeep era.
AM General United States
HMMWV
1984The anti-tank Humvee: the M1045 and M1046 with the TOW missile launcher on the roof and supplemental armour, the Army’s and Marines’ light anti-armour vehicle.
AM General United States
HMMWV
1993The strengthened Humvee: the M1097 Heavy Variant of the early 1990s with a heavier frame, suspension and driveline for shelters, Avenger missile mounts and communications bodies, the basis of the later armoured versions.
AM General United States
HMMWV
1996The armoured Humvee of Iraq: the M1114 with a factory-built armoured capsule, ballistic glass, a protected turret and the 6.5 turbo-diesel, built in small numbers from 1996 for military police and special forces and…
AM General United States
HMMWV
2005The Expanded Capacity Vehicles: the M1151 armament carrier, M1152 cargo and shelter carrier and M1165 command and control vehicle on a strengthened chassis with scalable armour kits (A and B kits) fitted as the…
AM General United States
Hummer H1 and H2
2005–06The last and best H1: the 2006 Alpha with GM’s 6.6-litre Duramax turbo-diesel (300 hp, 520 lb ft) and the Allison five-speed, 448 built in 2005 and 729 sold in the final model year before production ended in June 2006.
AM General United States
Hummer H1 and H2
2005–09The pick-up H2: the Sport Utility Truck of 2005 with a short bed and a midgate opening into the cabin, sold alongside the five-door to the end in 2009.
AM General United States
HMMWV
1985The exported Humvee: HMMWVs sold or granted to some sixty countries, from NATO members and Gulf states to Ukraine, Iraq and the Philippines, as new-build AM General vehicles and as American surplus.
AM General United States
24 Series
1972–2006The two-door soft top of the 24 Series on the 2,350 mm wheelbase — the short open ARO, and the one most often exported.
ARO (Uzina Mecanică Muscel), Câmpulung Romania
24 Series
1972–2006The four-door soft top: the 240 with a second pair of doors, on the same 2,350 mm wheelbase.
ARO (Uzina Mecanică Muscel), Câmpulung Romania
24 Series
1972–2006The single-cab pick-up with an integrated bed, the simplest commercial body in the 24 Series.
ARO (Uzina Mecanică Muscel), Câmpulung Romania
24 Series
1972–2006The three-door van: eight seats on the 2,350 mm wheelbase, with a single side door.
ARO (Uzina Mecanică Muscel), Câmpulung Romania
24 Series
1972–2006The five-door, five-seat station wagon — the best-known 24 Series body and the one sold as the Cross Lander in Brazil.
ARO (Uzina Mecanică Muscel), Câmpulung Romania
24 Series
1972–2006The seven-seat version of the 244, with a third row in the back.
ARO (Uzina Mecanică Muscel), Câmpulung Romania
24 Series
1980–2006The extended single-cab pick-up: a longer bed than the 242, on the 24 Series running gear.
ARO (Uzina Mecanică Muscel), Câmpulung Romania
24 Series
1980–2006The double-cab pick-up of the 24 Series: five seats and a short bed.
ARO (Uzina Mecanică Muscel), Câmpulung Romania
24 Series
1980–2006The ambulance: a 323 body on the long wheelbase, built for the Romanian health service.
ARO (Uzina Mecanică Muscel), Câmpulung Romania
24 Series
1990–2006The military ARO: flat-panel bodywork on the 24 Series chassis, in armoured and unarmoured versions.
ARO (Uzina Mecanică Muscel), Câmpulung Romania
24 Series
1975–95The 24 Series built in Portugal as the Portaro from 1975 to 1995, with Daihatsu diesel engines.
Portaro, Portugal Romania, Portugal
24 Series
1980–90The Spanish assembly of the 24 Series, sold as the Hisparo from 1980 to 1990.
Hisparo, Spain Romania, Spain
24 Series
1980–2000The Italian-assembled 24 Series, sold under the ACM name and often fitted with Volkswagen engines.
ACM, Italy Romania, Italy
24 Series
2002–06The last life of the 24 Series: the Cross Lander 244X, built in Brazil from 2002 to 2006 for the North American market.
Cross Lander, Brazil Romania, Brazil
10 Series
1985–2006The five-door version of the 10 Series, added after the original three-door.
ARO (Uzina Mecanică Muscel), Câmpulung Romania
10 Series
1985–93The 10 Series 4×4 as Britain knew it: sold as the Dacia Duster from 1985 to 1993, and in other markets as the Dacia 10.
ARO (Uzina Mecanică Muscel), Câmpulung Romania
10 Series
1990–2006The Italian names for the 10 Series: the ARO Super Ischia and the Enduro x4.
ACM, Italy Romania, Italy
10 Series
1997–2006The open 10 Series: a two-door convertible with cut-away front doors, built from 1997.
ARO (Uzina Mecanică Muscel), Câmpulung Romania
10 Series
1999–2006The last 10 Series: the 10 Super of 1999–2006, restyled and moved onto the 24 Series chassis.
ARO (Uzina Mecanică Muscel), Câmpulung Romania
VLRA
2009The second-generation VLRA: a redesigned cab on the same low gooseneck chassis, a 5-litre turbo-diesel of 190 hp with a six-speed ZF manual or five-speed automatic, 110 km/h and 1,400 km, and 8 to 12 tonnes gross in…
ACMAT, Saint-Nazaire France
VLRA
2008–19ACMAT's light tactical pick-up, built on the Nissan Navara: a 2.5-litre turbo-diesel of 190 hp, 1.3 to 3.5 tonnes of payload by version, up to 1,400–1,600 km of range, and single-cab, double-cab, station-wagon…
ACMAT, Saint-Nazaire France
VAB
1979The six-wheeled VAB, which costs about ten per cent more than the 4×4 and is what most export customers bought; the French Army uses only the four-wheeled version.
Arquus, Limoges France
VBL
1985–2010The anti-tank VBL, carrying MILAN missiles instead of the reconnaissance machine gun — the two roles the 1978 programme asked for.
Panhard, Marolles-en-Hurepoix France
VLRA
1982The special-forces patrol VLRA on the short 3,300 mm wheelbase: 1,500 kg of payload, Sahara-type suspension, a reinforced open cab for weapon mounts, a 100-litre water tank and 900 km of range; air-portable and…
ACMAT, Saint-Nazaire France
VLRA
1982The standard VLRA: 3,600 mm wheelbase, 2,500 kg of payload or seventeen men, two 180-litre fuel tanks, four jerrycans and a 200-litre drinking-water tank for 1,600 km, and an open cab with a folding windscreen.
ACMAT, Saint-Nazaire France
VLRA
1982The command and signals VLRA: nine seats including two rear jump seats, five lockers, a folding map table, a radio-antenna mount and a grab rail for reviewing troops, on the 3,300 mm wheelbase.
ACMAT, Saint-Nazaire France
VLRA
1982The weapons-carrier VLRA, a flat platform behind the cab for missile and gun mounts; the British SAS bought twenty of the STL2 version in 1996.
ACMAT, Saint-Nazaire France
VLRA
1982The weapon-mount VLRAs of 1982 on the 3,600 mm wheelbase: the PML with a heavy machine gun, the PMN with the MILAN anti-tank missile and the PMB carrying an 81 mm mortar that fires from the vehicle.
ACMAT, Saint-Nazaire France
VLRA
1982The 4×4 tankers: a 2,500-litre elliptical steel tank on the 3,600 mm chassis, for drinking water (SCE) or fuel (SCC).
ACMAT, Saint-Nazaire France
VLRA
1982The 4×4 recovery VLRA: a reinforced body with four tool lockers, lifting gear, jacks, a towbar and a 4-tonne hand winch, a 3-tonne front winch, and a rear overhang 200 mm shorter than the SM3's.
ACMAT, Saint-Nazaire France
VLRA
1982An armoured VLRA of 1982: a 5.8 mm nickel-chrome-molybdenum steel hull with a removable roof for ten equipped men, a possible 12.7 mm turret and smoke dischargers, 5,880 kg empty.
ACMAT, Saint-Nazaire France
VLRA
1982The VLRA ambulances: an insulated double-skinned body with four stretchers, a ladder, a washbasin and an internal water tank, on the 3,600 mm TPK 4.20 or the 3,900 mm TPK 4.25.
ACMAT, Saint-Nazaire France
VLRA
1982The cross-country bus: a reinforced coach body for 28 on the 4,300 mm chassis, a roof rack for 350 kg, a pneumatic double front door and two 180-litre tanks for 1,600 km.
ACMAT, Saint-Nazaire France
VLRA
1982The long-wheelbase troop carrier: 4,300 mm, 21 men on back-to-back or facing benches, 2,450 kg of payload and 1,600 km of range.
ACMAT, Saint-Nazaire France
VLRA
1982The loading and handling VLRA: a 3,130 × 2,200 mm steel platform behind a hard cab with an H650A hydraulic crane lifting 450 kg at 6.5 m and two stabiliser legs.
ACMAT, Saint-Nazaire France
VLRA
1982The workshop van on the 4,300 mm chassis: a folded-steel body fitted out to order for maintenance, electrical or armourer's work, with 2,950 kg of payload and 1,600 km of range.
ACMAT, Saint-Nazaire France
VLRA
1982The civil fire-service VLRA: a 2,000-litre tank and a pump of 250 l/min at 36 bar or 1,500 l/min at 15 bar on the 3,600 mm TPK 4.20, or with a six-seat cab on the TPK 4.31.
ACMAT, Saint-Nazaire France
VLRA
1982The six-wheeled VLRA: the TPK 6.35 to 6.50, of 3.5 to 5.5 tonnes' payload on 3,850 to 4,800 mm wheelbases with the 138 hp Perkins, and in the current range a 17-tonne truck carrying three in the cab and up to 38 behind.
ACMAT, Saint-Nazaire France
VLRA
1982The 6×6 liaison, reconnaissance and support truck: 4,100 mm wheelbase, 4,300 kg of payload or 21 men on removable benches, two 210-litre tanks and a 200-litre water tank for 1,600 km.
ACMAT, Saint-Nazaire France
VLRA
1982The 6×6 tankers: 4,000 litres of drinking water (SCE) or fuel (SCC) on the 4,100 mm chassis, 6,650 kg empty.
ACMAT, Saint-Nazaire France
VLRA
1982The 6×6 wrecker: an HP 2860 T7 hydraulic crane of 20,000 kg·m with four extending outriggers, 10,500 kg equipped and 22,500 kg with a casualty in tow.
ACMAT, Saint-Nazaire France
VLRA
1982The semi-trailer tractor: 3,850 mm wheelbase, a 2-inch fifth wheel, 19 tonnes gross combination and 5,700 kg empty, with a European steel cab and wind-down windows.
ACMAT, Saint-Nazaire France
VLRA
1982The heavy forest-fire VLRA: a 3,500-litre tank and an air-cooled pump of 750 l/min at 10 bar on the 3,850 mm 6×6 chassis, with two hose reels, a roll bar and all-round protection.
ACMAT, Saint-Nazaire France
VLRA
1982The longest 6×6 cargo truck: 4,500 mm wheelbase, 5,550 kg of payload on a platform with folding, removable sides and ISO corners for a 10 m³ refrigerated shelter.
ACMAT, Saint-Nazaire France
VLRA
1982The 6×6 convoy-protection truck: a twin 20 mm Oerlikon cannon on a platform that doubles as a locker, an expanded-metal screen over the cab and a six-seat double cab on 4,350 mm.
ACMAT, Saint-Nazaire France
VLRA
2010The special-forces VLRA 2, shown at Eurosatory in 2010: a roof ring for a 12.7 mm machine gun or 40 mm grenade launcher, swivel mounts front and rear, grenade dischargers, 2 + 3 crew and 4,500 kg of payload on a…
ACMAT, Saint-Nazaire France
VLRA
2012The VLRA 2 as a forest-fire tanker (camion-citerne feux de forêts), shown as the 4.36 TDN-TDE CCF at Eurosatory in June 2012: the Renault Trucks Midlum 5-litre engine and six-speed gearbox, 65 per cent gradients, 30…
ACMAT, Saint-Nazaire France
VLRA
2009–19The open-topped special-forces ALTV, with mounts for a 12.7 mm or 7.62 mm machine gun or 40 mm grenade launcher, on the Navara-based 4×4.
ACMAT, Saint-Nazaire France
Bastion
2013The special-forces Bastion: 10 tonnes, five equipped soldiers, a 12.7 mm heavy machine gun and mounts for three more machine guns.
ACMAT, Saint-Nazaire France
AML
1979–86The South African licence-built AML in its final mark: power brakes, a modified transmission, a lengthened hull, a domed cupola with vision blocks and the engine on a rail frame for quick field changes, on a…
Sandock-Austral South Africa
AML
1964The Irish Army’s AMLs: 16 AML-60s bought in 1964 for the contingent with the United Nations force in Cyprus, then another 16 AML-60s and 20 AML-90s.
Panhard, Marolles-en-Hurepoix France
AML
1965–68About 50 AML-60s delivered to the Portuguese Army between 1965 and 1968 and used by reconnaissance platoons in Africa for convoy escort.
Panhard, Marolles-en-Hurepoix France
AML
1960–63The Israel Defense Forces’ order of 29 AML-90s, placed in 1960 and delivered by the end of 1963.
Panhard, Marolles-en-Hurepoix France
AML
1961The French Mobile Gendarmerie’s AML-60s and AML-90s: more than a hundred, allocated to nineteen separate squadrons.
Panhard, Marolles-en-Hurepoix France
Champ
1952–56The civilian Champ: about 500 WN3s with the Austin A90 2.7-litre engine instead of the Rolls-Royce, sold to farmers and exported — most of them to Australia.
Austin Motor Company, Longbridge United Kingdom
Champ
1952–56The radio Champ: the FFR version with a 24-volt system, screened ignition and a radio table, used by signals and artillery units.
Austin Motor Company, Longbridge United Kingdom
Gipsy
1958–68The Army Gipsy: bought in small numbers alongside the Land Rover, mostly the leaf-sprung version, for training and second-line work rather than the front line.
Austin Motor Company, Longbridge United Kingdom
Gipsy
1958–68The service Gipsy: General Post Office telephone vehicles in yellow and fire-brigade light tenders and rescue units, the civil fleets that gave the Gipsy most of its work.
Austin Motor Company, Longbridge United Kingdom
Gipsy
1958–68The assembled Gipsies: kits sent to New Zealand, Australia and Colombia and built locally, the Gipsy’s modest export trade against the Land Rover’s.
Austin Motor Company, Longbridge United Kingdom
Kirpi
2018The second generation, from 2018: independent suspension, better air conditioning, composite add-on armour and an improved spall liner. 529 were awarded in a separate contract that year.
BMC, İzmir Turkey
Kirpi
2014Pakistan has taken more than 100, Tunisia 233, Libya more than 40 and Ukraine a reported 700, with more to Djibouti, Kosovo, Qatar and Somalia.
BMC, İzmir Turkey
Vuran
2019The Vuran carrying the Aselsan Alkar 120 mm integrated mortar.
BMC, İzmir Turkey
Amazon
2018Turkmenistan's State Border Service took the Amazon in 2018 and Qatar bought 35 the same year; Turkey gave some to Northern Cyprus in 2023, and Syria's transitional government forces were seen with large numbers in 2025.
BMC, İzmir Turkey
Tactical trucks
2009The five-tonne tactical truck: 5,000 kg across country and 8,550 kg on hard roads.
BMC, İzmir Turkey
B 2000
1962–68The 168 identical vehicles Büssing built between 1962 and 1968 at the former Borgward works at Osterholz-Scharmbeck, for the Federal Border Guard.
Büssing, Osterholz-Scharmbeck Germany
B 2000
1955–61A small number were built on a chassis 20 cm longer, in the 1.5-tonne class rather than the 0.75.
Borgward, Bremen Germany
B 3000
1948–50Production ran again from July 1948 to 1950; the B 3000 D carried 3,400 kg against the wartime B 3000 S's 3,125.
Borgward, Bremen Germany
Tomcat
1995–98The Tomcat stretched to a 100-inch wheelbase in 1995, the box-section chassis whose body style the first Wildcat kept.
Bowler United Kingdom
Wildcat
1998–2000The first Wildcat: a tubular chassis of 100-inch wheelbase under the Tomcat 100's body style.
Bowler United Kingdom
Wildcat
2000–07The ground-up Wildcat of 2000: a new steel spaceframe of 106-inch wheelbase with glassfibre panels, the version most Wildcats are.
Bowler United Kingdom
Wildcat
2000–07Factory and privately entered Wildcats in the Dakar Rally from 2000, when Bowler first went to the event.
Bowler United Kingdom
Wildcat
2008The Wildcat as QT Services built it after buying the rights in 2007: the 500DKR was the uncompromised rally raid version, alongside the road-biased 300STR and stripped 400NSR.
QT Services United Kingdom
Wildcat
2011A militarised Wildcat 500DKR shown by Supacat and QT Services in 2011 for special forces, border patrol, reconnaissance and strike roles.
Supacat, Dunkeswell, QT Services United Kingdom
Wildcat
2010Two Wildcats fitted by BAE Systems with drive-by-wire controls, computers and terrain sensors for autonomous-vehicle research.
Bowler United Kingdom
Nemesis
2009The four Nemeses that started the 2009 Dakar, the first held in South America.
Bowler United Kingdom
EXR
2012Bowler's first road car, shown at Goodwood in June 2012: the EXR rally raid car with a 550 bhp supercharged V8, a six-speed ZF automatic and a leather-trimmed cabin, at £155,000.
Bowler United Kingdom
Bulldog and CSP
2017A Rapid Intervention Vehicle on the Cross Sector Platform, built with the UK Ministry of Defence and shown at DSEI in 2017; one was made.
Bowler United Kingdom
K-series and Silverado 4x4
1955–59The four-wheel drive before the K-series: the Northwestern Auto Parts Company’s Powr-Pak conversion of Chevrolet and GMC Task Force pick-ups, panels and Suburbans, sold through Chevrolet dealers and factory-orderable…
Chevrolet (General Motors), NAPCO (Northwestern Auto Parts Company) United States
K5 Blazer, Tahoe and Suburban
1976–77The camper Blazer: about 1,800 K5 Blazers of 1976–77 fitted at the factory with a Chinook pop-up camper body in place of the rear top, with a bed, stove, sink and dinette; the GMC version was the Jimmy Casa Grande.
Chevrolet (General Motors) United States
K5 Blazer, Tahoe and Suburban
1983–87The Army’s Blazer: the M1009 Commercial Utility Cargo Vehicle of 1983–87, a K5 Blazer with the 6.2-litre Detroit diesel, a 24-volt electrical system, a three-speed automatic, military lighting and a brush guard…
Chevrolet (General Motors) United States
K-series and Silverado 4x4
1983–87The Army’s square-body pick-ups: the M1008 cargo truck and M1028 shelter carrier on the K30 chassis and the M1010 ambulance with a box body, all with the 6.2 diesel and 24-volt electrics, the bulk of the 70,000 CUCVs…
Chevrolet (General Motors) United States
K-series and Silverado 4x4
1971–75The first luxury Chevrolet pick-up trim: the Cheyenne of 1971 and Cheyenne Super of 1972–75 with a full interior, bright trim and woodgrain, on the K10 and K20 as well as the two-wheel drives; the Silverado trim…
Chevrolet (General Motors) United States
K-series and Silverado 4x4
1975–98The top trim before it was the truck’s name: Silverado on the square-body and GMT400 K-series from 1975 to 1998, with cloth or velour, full instruments, bright trim and, on the 1980s trucks, the two-tone paint that…
Chevrolet (General Motors) United States
K-series and Silverado 4x4
1988Chevrolet’s off-road package since 1988: Z71 on the K1500 with Bilstein or Rancho dampers, skid plates, a locking rear differential (G80) and all-terrain tyres, continued on every Silverado, Tahoe, Suburban and…
Chevrolet (General Motors) United States
LUV, S-10, Tracker and Colorado
1994–2003The wide-track S-10: the ZR2 package of 1994–2003 on the S-10 pick-up and two-door Blazer with a frame widened four inches, a three-inch lift, Bilstein dampers, 31-inch tyres, a Dana 44-class rear axle and a locking…
Chevrolet (General Motors) United States
LUV, S-10, Tracker and Colorado
2017The factory desert and rock truck: the Colorado ZR2 of 2017 with Multimatic DSSV spool-valve dampers, front and rear electronic lockers, a two-inch lift, a 3.5-inch wider track and 31-inch tyres, with the 3.6 V6 or…
Chevrolet (General Motors) United States
K-series and Silverado 4x4
2019The lifted Silverado since 2019: the LT and Custom Trail Boss with a factory two-inch lift, the Z71 package, Rancho dampers, skid plates, a locking rear axle and 32-inch Goodyear Duratrac tyres.
Chevrolet (General Motors) United States
K-series and Silverado 4x4
2022The full-size ZR2 since 2022: the Silverado 1500 ZR2 with Multimatic DSSV dampers, front and rear lockers, a raised suspension, 33-inch tyres and the 6.2 V8, and the ZR2 Bison of 2024 with AEV bumpers and skid…
Chevrolet (General Motors) United States
K5 Blazer, Tahoe and Suburban
1997The police Tahoe: the Police Pursuit Vehicle package since 1997 with heavy-duty cooling, brakes and suspension, a certified speedometer and, on the four-wheel-drive version, the Special Service Vehicle fit-out for…
Chevrolet (General Motors) United States
K5 Blazer, Tahoe and Suburban
1957–59The first four-wheel-drive Suburban: the Task Force Carryall of 1957–59 with the NAPCO Powr-Pak fitted at the factory, a driven front axle and a divorced transfer case, for ranches, oil companies and rural services.
Chevrolet (General Motors) United States
Kégresse 10 HP
1922The five K1 half-tracks of the first motor crossing of the Sahara, from Touggourt to Timbuktu between 17 December 1922 and 7 January 1923, and back by 6 March: Scarabée d’Or, Croissant d’Argent, Tortue Volante…
Citroën France
Kégresse 10 HP
1924The eight P4 T half-tracks of the Citroën Central Africa expedition, the Croisière Noire, from Colomb-Béchar on 28 October 1924 to Tananarive in Madagascar in late June 1925: Scarabée d’Or, Croissant d’Argent…
Citroën France
Kégresse 10 HP
1923–25The turreted armoured half-track on the 10 HP chassis, with a Schneider & Cie body and a crew of three, shown in 1923 on the K1 running gear. Sixteen P4 T armoured cars were delivered to the French cavalry in January…
Citroën, Schneider et Cie, Le Creusot France
Kégresse 10 HP
1924–30The Polish Army bought about 135 Citroën-Kégresse half-track chassis on the 10 HP B2 in 1924 and armoured 90 of them in Poland as the Samochód pancerny wz. 28; the rest became all-terrain lorries.
Citroën France
Kégresse 10 HP
1925–27Half-tracks that towed barges along the towpaths of northern France and Belgium. In 1925 the Société d’Exploitation d’Autos-Chenilles ran about a hundred barge tractors; seven P4 Ts worked between Calais and…
Citroën France
Kégresse C4 and C6
1931The six light P17 half-tracks, each with a trailer, of the Pamir group of the Citroën Central Asia expedition, the Croisière Jaune, which left Beirut on 4 April 1931 under Haardt and Audouin-Dubreuil; a P14 carried…
Citroën France
Kégresse C4 and C6
1934The five C4-based P17 D half-tracks of Charles Bedaux’s private attempt, between 6 July and 24 October 1934, to drive from Edmonton across northern British Columbia to the Pacific — the Croisière Blanche.
Citroën France
Kégresse C4 and C6
1931–33About a hundred Citroën-Kégresse half-tracks — P14s, P17s and P19s — were delivered to the Polish Army between 1931 and 1933; the P17s served as artillery tractors and signals and staff cars.
Citroën France
Kégresse C4 and C6
1936–40The Belgian licence-built P14: 130 artillery tractors made by the Fabrique Nationale at Herstal between 1936 and 1940 on the Minerva CM-3, first with a Minerva six (3T) and from about 1938 with an FN eight-cylinder…
Citroën, FN (Fabrique Nationale), Herstal Belgium, France
Kégresse C4 and C6
1934Three six-cylinder P15 N half-tracks, with a Cletrac and two Fords, on Richard E. Byrd’s second Antarctic expedition.
Citroën France
Kégresse C4 and C6
1929–39Two eight-seat half-track buses of the Swiss Post, P1551 and P1552, bodied by Gangloff of Geneva on chassis ordered after trials on the Julier in the winter of 1928–29.
Citroën France
Kégresse P107
1954A Unic-built P107 bought in 1954 by the commune of Lège-Cap-Ferret in the Gironde and converted into a tanker for fighting forest fires in the dunes and pines of the Cap Ferret peninsula.
Unic, Puteaux France
Kégresse armoured cars
1933Three P28s bought by Uruguay in 1933 for the Guardia Metropolitana of Montevideo, the first armoured vehicles in the country.
Citroën France
2CV Sahara
1960–67The Spanish Guardia Civil bought 80 2CV Saharas, at a discount of 35 per cent, for all-terrain patrols.
Citroën France
Type 46 FOM
1962–67The FOM with a Sinpar winch, the 46 FT, alongside the standard 46 F.
Citroën France
Dangel 4×4
Dangel’s four-wheel-drive conversion of the C25, the Citroën version of the large van that the Jumper replaced in 1994.
Automobiles Dangel, Sentheim, Citroën France
Tracteur JA
1954–60The Jeep conversions that came before the Tracteur: Hotchkiss-assembled CJ-3B Jeeps (JH) fitted by Cournil with the Hotchkiss-built diesel, an adapted clutch housing and a transfer box of his own. A batch of 170 left…
Bernard Cournil, Aurillac France
Tracteur JA
1960–64The first Tracteur Cournil, on Cournil’s own frame from 1960 and with the sloping-bonnet body from 1961. Its engine was the 2,088 cc Standard 23C diesel of the Ferguson TE20 tractor, 30 PS, known in France as the…
Bernard Cournil, Aurillac France
Tracteur JA
1964–77The JA2 of 1964: the Leyland O.E. 138 diesel, a 2,260 cc derivative of the Standard 23C, of 35 PS or 54 PS in its higher-output form, with glow plugs, a stronger oil pump and a differential lock.
Bernard Cournil, Aurillac France
Gevarm
1977–80The petrol Gevarm Cournil: the 2.6-litre Saviem 817 of 69 PS, as the short SCE14 or the long SCE24.
Gevarm (Groupe Gévelot), Saint-Germain-Laval France
Gevarm
1977–80The diesel Gevarm Cournil: the 2.1-litre Indenor XDP 4.90 of 62 PS, as the short SCD14 or the long SCD24.
Gevarm (Groupe Gévelot), Saint-Germain-Laval France
Gevarm
1977–80The 3.6-litre Saviem 720 diesel of 85 PS, at first offered only on the long wheelbase and called the SCD28.
Gevarm (Groupe Gévelot), Saint-Germain-Laval France
Gevarm
1977–80The later Gevarm diesels, with the larger 2.3-litre Indenor in place of the 2.1.
Gevarm (Groupe Gévelot), Saint-Germain-Laval France
Gevarm
1979–80The two-litre Renault 829 petrol engine of the Renault 20 TS, detuned from 109 to 83 PS, from 1979.
Gevarm (Groupe Gévelot), Saint-Germain-Laval France
Gevarm
1978–80The Gevarm Cournil as sold in Britain, where the importer fitted the 2.7-litre Perkins 4.165 diesel to suit the local market. Right-hand drive was not offered until 1979.
Gevarm (Groupe Gévelot), Saint-Germain-Laval France
Gevarm
1979–83French Cournils entered in the Paris–Dakar: three in the first rally of 1979 — a long, a short and a prototype — three again in 1980, a prototype and an open long-wheelbase car in 1982 and an open long car in 1983.
Gevarm (Groupe Gévelot), Saint-Germain-Laval France
SIMI and Auverland
1980–88SIMI’s name for the short-wheelbase Cournil, on the 2,200 mm chassis.
SIMI S.A. (Groupe Belin), Saint-Germain-Laval France
SIMI and Auverland
1980–88SIMI’s name for the long-wheelbase Cournil, on the 2,750 mm chassis.
SIMI S.A. (Groupe Belin), Saint-Germain-Laval France
SIMI and Auverland
1982A Cournil for the civilian market released by SIMI in 1982, which Unusual Off-Road Locomotion records as a failure.
SIMI S.A. (Groupe Belin), Saint-Germain-Laval France
SIMI and Auverland
1983–88SIMI’s lightly modified Cournil as built by Autoland and then Auverland at Saint-Germain-Laval, in SC-200, SC-250 and SC-II versions, until the Auverland A3 arrived in July 1987.
Auverland, Saint-Germain-Laval France
Trackster
1970–75The second of the two Trackster models, part number 898002: the standard vehicle with a fibreglass flotation ring bonded to the body tub, for work in marsh and open water.
Cushman Motors, Lincoln United States
1600XD
2014The four-seat version of the 1600XD, with two rows of bench seats, introduced in July 2014 for construction and rental fleets.
Textron Specialized Vehicles, Augusta United States
1600XD
2013The European road-registrable version of the 1600XD, homologated as a tractor and announced in January 2013; the first in the United Kingdom went to Lichfield District Council.
Textron Specialized Vehicles, Augusta United States
Hauler 4x4
2018The six-seat version of the Hauler 4x4, launched with the three-seat model in October 2018, with electric power steering as standard.
Textron Specialized Vehicles, Augusta United States
Duster I
2011–22The first Duster under the Renault badge, sold in Latin America, Russia, the Middle East, Asia, South Africa and Australia, and built outside Romania. The four-wheel-drive versions use the same Nissan-derived…
SOFASA, Renault do Brasil, São José dos Pinhais Romania, Colombia
Duster I
2014–22The first Duster restyled at the front and rear and sold as the Nissan Terrano in Russia and the CIS from 2014 and in India, with the Duster's mechanical layout. The Russian car was offered with four-wheel drive on…
Avtoframos, Moscow Russia
Duster I
2018The double-cab pick-up version of the first Duster, sold by Renault in South America as the Duster Oroch. It was front-wheel drive only until October 2018, when Argentina received a 4×4 with the Duster's…
Renault do Brasil, São José dos Pinhais Brazil
Duster I
2014–15A two-seat single-cab pick-up converted from the Duster 4×4 by Romturingia of Câmpulung Muscel for the oil and gas company OMV Petrom, whose staff used it to inspect and maintain wells across Romania. 1.5 dCi 110 hp…
Automobile Dacia, Mioveni, Romturingia, Câmpulung Muscel Romania
Duster II
2020The single-cab pick-up converted from the Duster II 4×4 by Romturingia and sold through Dacia's Romanian dealers from 22 October 2020: 1.5 Blue dCi 115 diesel, six-speed manual and four-wheel drive, a 1.65 m bed and…
Automobile Dacia, Mioveni, Romturingia, Câmpulung Muscel Romania
Duster II
2015–21Duster 4×4s bought by the Romanian Ministry of National Defence: 886 from 2015 to 2021, 457 of them painted in camouflage, for military police work and for carrying troops to exercises and training.
Automobile Dacia, Mioveni Romania
Duster III
2025The Duster III with an electrically driven rear axle: a 1.2-litre 48 V mild-hybrid engine of 140 hp, running on petrol or LPG, drives the front wheels through a six-speed dual-clutch gearbox, and a 23 kW motor with…
Automobile Dacia, Mioveni Romania
Taft
1977–84The Toyota-engined Taft: the F20 of 1977 with the 1,587 cc 12R-J four from the Toyota group, the export petrol model of the range.
Daihatsu, Ikeda, Osaka Japan
Taft
1977–84The diesel Tafts: the F50 with the 2.5-litre DG four of 1977 and the F60 with the 2.8-litre DL of 1983, the engine that carried on into the Rugger.
Daihatsu, Ikeda, Osaka Japan
Taft
1976–84The Australian Taft: sold as the Daihatsu Wildcat (F20 petrol and F50/F60 diesel) for farms and the bush, the name Australia used before the Rocky.
Daihatsu, Ikeda, Osaka Japan
Taft
1976–84The European Taft: the Scat in Germany and the Pionier in Austria, with the F20 petrol and F50 diesel, sold to mountain farmers and foresters.
Daihatsu, Ikeda, Osaka Japan
Taft
1981–84The Toyota Taft: the Blizzard LD10 sold through Toyota’s Japanese dealers in 1981–84, a Taft F60 body with Toyota’s 2.2-litre L-series diesel, the Land Cruiser’s little brother.
Toyota Motor Corporation, Daihatsu, Ikeda, Osaka Japan
Rugger, Fourtrak and Rocky F70
1984–90The Toyota Rugger: the Blizzard LD20 of 1984–90 on the F70 with Toyota’s 2.4-litre 2L diesel (2L-T turbo), sold in Japan alongside the Land Cruiser 70.
Toyota Motor Corporation, Daihatsu, Ikeda, Osaka Japan
Rugger, Fourtrak and Rocky F70
1984–2002The British Rugger: the Fourtrak, sold as the EL, DX, TDS, TDL and TDX with the 2.8 diesel and turbo-diesel, the Fourtrak Independent after 1992 with the new front suspension, the farmer’s and horsebox-tower’s…
Daihatsu, Ikeda, Osaka Japan
Rugger, Fourtrak and Rocky F70
1984–2002The Rugger as the Rocky: the export name in Australia and continental Europe for the F70 and F75, with the 2.8 diesel and the 2.0 petrol, in hard-top, wagon and pick-up bodies.
Daihatsu, Ikeda, Osaka Japan
Rugger, Fourtrak and Rocky F70
1984–2007The Indonesian Rugger: the Taft GT, Rocky and Hiline built by Astra Daihatsu in Jakarta with locally developed five-door bodies on longer wheelbases and the 2.8 diesel, in production to 2007, five years after Japan.
Daihatsu, Ikeda, Osaka, Astra Daihatsu Motor, Jakarta Indonesia, Japan
Rugger, Fourtrak and Rocky F70
1989–92The Italian Rugger: Bertone’s Freeclimber, an F75 assembled at Grugliasco with BMW’s 2.0 and 2.7-litre petrol sixes and 2.4-litre turbo-diesel six, leather and Italian trim, sold in Italy and France outside the…
Carrozzeria Bertone, Grugliasco Italy
Rocky, Feroza and Sportrak F300
1989–99The export F300: the Feroza in Europe, Australia and Indonesia and the Sportrak in Britain, with the 1.6 HD-E, resin-top and hard-top bodies and the EL, EL-II and ELX trims.
Daihatsu, Ikeda, Osaka Japan
Rocky, Feroza and Sportrak F300
1992–95Bertone’s F300: the Freeclimber II with BMW’s 1.6-litre M40 four (100 PS) and Italian trim, sold in France and Italy around the import quotas.
Carrozzeria Bertone, Grugliasco Italy
Dingo
1939The first Dingo, with four-wheel steering: a 23-foot turning circle, and hard enough to drive at speed that the Mk II did without it.
The Daimler Company, Coventry United Kingdom
Dingo
1942–45The Canadian Dingo: 3,255 built by Ford of Canada as the Lynx between 1942 and 1945.
Ford Motor Company, Ford Motor Company of Canada Canada, United States
Ferret
1952The open-topped reconnaissance Ferret, without a turret: two crew and a pintle-mounted machine gun.
The Daimler Company, Coventry United Kingdom
Ferret
1952The turreted Ferret, with a Browning machine gun: the most numerous version and the one most often preserved.
The Daimler Company, Coventry United Kingdom
Ferret
1963–71The missile Ferret: a Mk 2 with Vigilant anti-tank missiles on either side of the turret.
The Daimler Company, Coventry United Kingdom
Ferret
1966–71The big-wheeled late Ferrets: a larger hull with flotation screens, the last of the sixteen sub-models.
The Daimler Company, Coventry United Kingdom
Ferret
1955–90The Ferret in Commonwealth and other armies, many of them running it into the 1980s and beyond — long after Britain retired it in 1991.
The Daimler Company, Coventry United Kingdom
Armoured Car
1941The close-support version, with a 76 mm gun in place of the 2-pounder.
The Daimler Company, Coventry United Kingdom
Armoured Car
1943–45The turretless command version of the Armoured Car, known in service as the Sawn-Off Daimler.
The Daimler Company, Coventry United Kingdom
VLR
1951–60Slightly more than 4,000 ordered after the army’s trials in the second half of 1950 — the bulk of the 9,621 built.
Delahaye, Paris France
VLR
1953–60Many VLRs had their differential locks removed in service after they were blamed for accidents.
Delahaye, Paris France
VLR
1951–55The handful of VLRs that were not military: almost all of the 9,621 built went to the armed forces.
Delahaye, Paris France
Munga
1956–68The four-seat Munga, the standard body and the one the Bundeswehr bought in the largest numbers.
Auto Union, Ingolstadt Germany
Munga
1958–68The pick-up Munga: six seats and a load bed on the same wheelbase.
Auto Union, Ingolstadt Germany
Munga
1962–68The long pick-up: eight seats on a lengthened body, the largest of the three Mungas.
Auto Union, Ingolstadt Germany
Munga
1956–68The Munga in West German service from 1956, chosen over the Porsche 597 in the army’s light vehicle competition.
Auto Union, Ingolstadt Germany
Munga
1960–68About 2,000 Mungas went to the Royal Netherlands Army; many were sold on to Britain in the late 1970s.
Auto Union, Ingolstadt Germany
Munga
1957–68The civilian Munga at DM 9,500 — about US$2,300 at the time — sold to farms and foresters in West Germany and exported to countries where the roads were bad.
Auto Union, Ingolstadt Germany
Munga
1958–63The Brazilian Munga: built in São Paulo by DKW-Vemag as the Candango from 1958 to 1963, in four-wheel-drive and two-wheel-drive forms.
DKW-Vemag, São Paulo Brazil
Campagnola
1951–55The first Campagnola of the Italian Army: the AR51 of 1951 with the 1.9 petrol, a 6-volt system and the open torpedo body, the Army’s reconnaissance and liaison vehicle after the Willys.
Fiat, Turin Italy
Campagnola
1959–73The last of the first-generation military Campagnolas: the AR59 with a 12-volt system, the 63 hp petrol or the diesel, and the hard-top and ambulance bodies, in service with the Army, Carabinieri and Polizia into the…
Fiat, Turin Italy
Campagnola
1954–74The Yugoslav Campagnola: Zastava at Kragujevac built the AR51 and AR55 under Fiat licence from 1954 to 1974, 9,089 for the Yugoslav People’s Army and the police.
Zastava, Kragujevac Serbia
Campagnola
1951The record Campagnolas: two specially equipped 1101s driven by Paolo Butti and Domenico Racca from Algiers to Cape Town and back in December 1951 in 11 days 4 hours 54 minutes, a record unbeaten because the route can…
Fiat, Turin Italy
Campagnola
1976–87The Army’s Nuova Campagnola: the AR76 with the 2.0 petrol and the AR76A of 1979 with a five-speed gearbox, in torpedo, hard-top and ambulance forms with the Esercito, Carabinieri, Polizia and Guardia di Finanza.
Fiat, Turin Italy
Campagnola
1980–2007The Pope’s Campagnola: the white 1107 open car in which John Paul II was shot in St Peter’s Square on 13 May 1981, used by the Vatican from 1980 to 2007 and now in the Vatican museums (the Carriage Pavilion).
Fiat, Turin Italy
Panda 4x4
1989–91The fashion Panda 4x4: the Sisley limited edition of 1989 with metallic paint, a bull bar, roof rack, inclinometer, sunroof and Sisley-branded seats, the most collected first-generation 4x4.
Fiat, Turin Italy
Panda 4x4
1991–2003The working Panda 4x4 of the 1990s: the Trekking trim with the 1108 FIRE and plain equipment, sold to the end of first-generation production in 2003.
Fiat, Turin Italy
Panda 4x4
1985–2003The Carabinieri’s mountain car: Panda 4x4s in dark blue with the red stripe for the stations of the Alps and Apennines, later replaced by the second and third generations.
Fiat, Turin Italy
Panda 4x4
2014–22The off-road third Panda: the Cross of 2014 with the TwinAir or Multijet, a Terrain Control selector (Auto, Off-road, Hill Descent), raised suspension, skid plates and its own front end.
Fiat, Turin Italy
Bronco 1966–77
1967–72The trim package of the first Bronco from 1967: chrome bumpers, grille and window frames, bright wheel covers, a cigarette lighter, an armrest and vinyl trim on the wagon and half-cab, the step up from the base truck.
Ford Motor Company United States
Bronco 1966–77
1972–77The luxury first-generation Bronco of 1972–77: the Ranger package with cloth and vinyl seats, carpet, wood-grain dash trim, a rear seat, chrome and side stripes, on the wagon.
Ford Motor Company United States
Bronco 1966–77
1971–75Bill Stroppe’s road-going Baja racer: about 650 first-generation Broncos converted in 1971–75 with the 302 V8 and automatic, power steering, wide Gates Commando tyres on Gauchos, fender flares, a roll bar, dual…
Bill Stroppe & Associates United States
Bronco 1978–79
1978–79The top 1978–79 Bronco: Ranger XLT trim with a full cloth interior, wood-grain dash, chrome grille and bumpers, two-tone paint and the Free-Wheelin’ stripe package as an option.
Ford Motor Company United States
Bronco 1980–86
1985–96The outfitter’s edition of the Bronco from 1985 to the end in 1996: two-tone paint with tan lower body, Eddie Bauer badges and luggage, a full cloth or leather interior, alloys and the top equipment list, across…
Ford Motor Company United States
Bronco 1980–86
1981–87Ford Australia’s right-hand-drive Bronco of 1981–87, assembled at Broadmeadows from American kits with the local 4.1-litre six or the 5.8-litre Cleveland V8, sold against the Range Rover and Land Cruiser.
Ford Motor Company, Ford Motor Company of Australia Australia, United States
Bronco 1987–91
1991The 25th-anniversary Bronco of 1991: an Eddie Bauer in Currant Red only with silver lower body, grey leather, anniversary badges and alloys; about 3,000 built.
Ford Motor Company United States
Bronco 1987–91
1991–92The blacked-out Bronco of 1991–92: an XLT in Raven Black with black grille, bumpers, mirrors and wheels, a Nite decal and blue, pink or teal stripes.
Ford Motor Company United States
Bronco 1987–91
1987–96The four-door Bronco Ford never built: Centurion Vehicles of White Pigeon, Michigan grafted a Bronco rear body onto F-150 and F-350 crew cabs as the Classic C-150 and C-350 from 1987 to 1996, on a 140-inch wheelbase…
Centurion Vehicles United States
Bronco 1992–96
1993–96The monochrome Bronco of 1993–96: an XLT with body-colour grille, bumpers and mirrors, alloy wheels and a sport interior; the 1993 white XLT of the O. J. Simpson chase was this trim’s year.
Ford Motor Company United States
Bronco 2021–
2021The launch edition of the sixth-generation Bronco: 7,000 built for 2021 on the Badlands with the Sasquatch package, the Lux and Wildtrak features, the 2.7 EcoBoost V6, First Edition badging and Cyber Orange…
Ford Motor Company United States
Bronco 2021–
2021The rock-crawling Bronco trim since 2021: front and rear locking differentials, a front anti-roll-bar disconnect, Bilstein position-sensitive dampers, a 4.7:1 crawler gear with the manual, 33-inch tyres (35 with…
Ford Motor Company United States
Bronco 2021–
2021–24The high-speed Bronco of 2021–24: the Wildtrak with the Sasquatch package standard — 35-inch tyres on beadlock-capable wheels, lockers, 4.7 axles, Bilstein dampers — and the 2.7 EcoBoost, the trim for desert running…
Ford Motor Company United States
Bronco 2021–
2022The desert-racing Bronco since 2022: a 3.0-litre EcoBoost V6 of 400 hp, a 9.8-inch wider track, Fox Live Valve internal-bypass dampers, 37-inch tyres, a reinforced frame and steel bumpers; the first Raptor SUV.
Ford Motor Company United States
Bronco 2021–
2023The retro Bronco since 2023: Oxford White roof, grille and wheels over Robin’s Egg Blue, Yellowstone Metallic or Peak Blue, a white-lettered grille with red BRONCO script and plaid seats, on the Big Bend (Heritage)…
Ford Motor Company United States
Bronco 2021–
2025The 2025 tribute to the Baja Bronco: a Badlands Sasquatch in the red, white and blue Stroppe livery with the 2.7 V6, 37-inch tyres, Bilstein dampers, a light bar and Stroppe badging.
Ford Motor Company United States
Bronco II
1985–90The luxury Bronco II of 1985–90: two-tone paint, Eddie Bauer badges, cloth seats, alloys and a full equipment list on the compact wagon.
Ford Motor Company United States
F-Series 4x4
1959–66Ford’s first factory four-wheel-drive pick-up: the 1959 F-100 4x4 with a Dana 44 front axle, a divorced Spicer transfer case, a raised chassis and the 223 six or 292 V8, replacing the Marmon-Herrington conversion.
Ford Motor Company United States
F-Series 4x4
1967–77The tall F-250 4x4 of 1967 to mid-1977, known as the Highboy: a divorced NP205 transfer case, a Dana 44 front and Dana 60 rear axle and a chassis four inches higher than the two-wheel-drive truck, with the 360 and…
Ford Motor Company United States
F-Series 4x4
2002The off-road F-150 package since 2002: Rancho or Bilstein dampers, skid plates, an electronic locking rear differential (from 2004), all-terrain tyres and FX4 graphics, the standard 4x4 upgrade below the Raptor.
Ford Motor Company United States
F-Series 4x4
2010The desert-racing F-150 since 2010: the SVT Raptor with a 6.2-litre V8, a 7-inch wider track, Fox internal-bypass dampers with 11 to 13 inches of travel and 35-inch tyres; the 2017 Raptor with the 3.5 EcoBoost, the…
Ford Motor Company United States
F-Series 4x4
2021The off-road F-150 between FX4 and Raptor since 2021: a 1-inch lift, 33-inch tyres, Tremor-tuned dampers, a Torsen front differential option and a rear locker, on the SuperCrew with the 3.5 EcoBoost.
Ford Motor Company United States
F-Series 4x4
2020The off-road F-250 and F-350 since 2020: the Tremor package with 35-inch tyres, a 2-inch lift, progressive springs, Rancho dampers, a limited-slip front and locking rear differential and Rock Crawl mode, with the 7.3…
Ford Motor Company United States
Ranger 4x4 (1983–2011)
1993–97The flareside sport Ranger of 1993–97: a stepside bed, lowered stance on the 2WD and a raised one on the 4x4, bright colours, alloys and the 4.0 V6, sold in regular and SuperCab.
Ford Motor Company United States
Ranger 4x4 (1983–2011)
2003–07The most capable North American Ranger: the FX4 Level II of 2003–07 with a Torsen limited-slip rear differential, Bilstein dampers, 31-inch BFGoodrich all-terrains on alloys, skid plates, tow hooks and a…
Ford Motor Company United States
Ranger T6
2019The desert Ranger since 2019: the T6 Ranger Raptor developed by Ford Performance in Australia with Fox internal-bypass dampers, a Watt’s-link coil rear, a wider track, 33-inch tyres and the 2.0 bi-turbo diesel, then…
Ford Motor Company, Ford Motor Company (Thailand), Rayong Thailand, United States
Ranger T6
2011The top T6 Ranger trim since 2011: the Wildtrak double cab with a sports bar, roller shutter, alloys, orange-accented interior and the largest engine of each generation, Australia’s best-selling Ranger variant.
Ford Motor Company, Ford Motor Company (Thailand), Rayong Thailand, United States
Explorer (1991–2010)
1991–2010The luxury body-on-frame Explorer for its whole run: two-tone paint, leather, alloys and the outfitter’s badging, above the XLT and below the Limited from 1995.
Ford Motor Company United States
Explorer (1991–2010)
1991–2003The two-door Explorer, 1991–2003: the Bronco II’s successor on a 102-inch wheelbase, sold as the Sport with the 4.0 V6 and, from 2001, on the old chassis beside the new four-door; the Sport Trac pick-up of 2001 came…
Ford Motor Company United States
Expedition
1997–2010The luxury Expedition of 1997–2010: two-tone paint, leather, the 5.4 Triton V8 and Control-Trac, the trim the Expedition launched with and the last Ford to carry the Eddie Bauer name.
Ford Motor Company United States
Expedition
2022The off-road Expedition since 2022: a Timberline trim with a 0.6-inch lift, 33-inch Goodyear all-terrains, an electronic locking rear differential, skid plates, Trail Turn Assist and the 3.5 EcoBoost at 440 hp.
Ford Motor Company United States
Excursion
2000–05The top Excursion: leather, wood trim, rear air conditioning, alloys and the 7.3 or 6.0 Power Stroke diesel as the usual choice, with the Eddie Bauer edition beside it from 2003.
Ford Motor Company United States
Everest
2022The top second-generation Everests since 2022: the Wildtrak with the 3.0 V6 diesel, off-road tyres and Wildtrak trim, and the Platinum with leather, 21-inch wheels and the full equipment list; the Everest Titanium…
Ford Motor Company, Ford Motor Company (Thailand), Rayong Thailand, United States
M151 MUTT
1964–68The first revision of the MUTT, 1964–68: suspension and body changes, a modified rear axle geometry, turn signals and a redesigned fuel system, otherwise the swing-axle M151 that served in Vietnam.
Kaiser Jeep Corporation, Ford Motor Company United States
M151 MUTT
1968–82The definitive MUTT, 1968–82: semi-trailing-arm rear suspension in place of the swing axles, larger indicators, a padded dash and a dual-circuit brake system, built by Kaiser Jeep and AM General; the M718A1…
Kaiser Jeep Corporation, AM General United States
M151 MUTT
1966–82The MUTT ambulance: an M151A1 (M718) or M151A2 (M718A1) with a raised rear body carrying two stretchers or three seated, a folding rear step and a canvas cover, the front-line ambulance of Vietnam and the Cold War Army.
Kaiser Jeep Corporation, AM General United States
M151 MUTT
1981–90The M151A2 cut down for the 9th Infantry Division’s motorised experiments and the Marines in the 1980s: an open frame with a roll cage, a mounted TOW, Mk 19 or M2 machine gun and no doors or windscreen, the…
AM General, US Army and Marine Corps workshops United States
Marmon-Herrington Ford
1936–41The first of the conversions: Ford ½-ton trucks with a Marmon-Herrington driven front axle and transfer case, delivered in small numbers to the US and Belgian armies and other governments from about 1936, alongside…
Marmon-Herrington United States
GAZ-69, M-72 and 46
1954–72The bulk of GAZ-69 production: the Ulyanovsk plant built the 69 and 69A from 1954 to 1972, from 1956 alone, as the UAZ-69; it is the UAZ that the 469 replaced and the chassis under the UAZ-450 cab-over.
Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant (UAZ) Russia
GAZ-69, M-72 and 46
1960–70The GAZ-69 as a tank destroyer: the 2P26 of 1960 with four 3M6 Shmel (AT-1 Snapper) anti-tank guided missiles on rails over the rear body, the Soviet Army’s first guided anti-tank vehicle.
Gorky Automobile Plant (GAZ) Russia
GAZ-69, M-72 and 46
1964–75The Romanian GAZ-69: the IMS-57 of 1957, the M59 and the ARO M461 of 1964–75 built at Câmpulung with a Romanian 2.5-litre four and its own body panels; about 80,000 M461s were built and exported to 50 countries…
ARO (Uzina Mecanică Muscel), Câmpulung Romania
GAZ-69, M-72 and 46
1955–90The 69 and 69A with the armies of Poland, East Germany, Czechoslovakia, Hungary and Bulgaria, and exported to China (where the BJ212 of 1965 grew from it), Cuba, Vietnam, Egypt, Syria and Finland, from the 1950s to…
Gorky Automobile Plant (GAZ) Russia
GAZ-61, 64 and 67
1950–53The GAZ-67B with the Korean People’s Army and Chinese volunteers in the Korean War, supplied from Soviet stocks; captured examples were tested by the Americans as the “Russian Jeep”.
Gorky Automobile Plant (GAZ) Russia
FV430 series
1962–71The REME's maintenance carrier: three crew and a hydraulic crane good for 3,050 kg, with a spare engine on the back.
GKN Sankey United Kingdom
FV430 series
2006The rebuild that kept the FV432 in service: Rafael reactive armour, a new engine, air conditioning and a remotely controlled 7.62 mm machine gun, for Iraq and Afghanistan.
Automotive Technik / BAE Systems Land Systems, Guildford, BAE Systems Land Systems, Telford United Kingdom
FV430 series
1962–71The FV430 with Swingfire anti-tank missiles.
GKN Sankey United Kingdom
Saxon
1983–2012The British Army's Saxons: 47 in early 1983 delivered in early 1984, 247 more with an option on 200 in late 1985 completed by early 1989, and about 100 plus ambulances in 1990.
GKN Sankey United Kingdom
Quad-Ant
1938–43The Quad-Ant as built for the Royal Artillery: a closed, sloped-sided steel body for six men, 25-pounder ammunition lockers and a winch, towing a gun and its limber with a range of 160 miles.
Guy Motors Ltd, Fallings Park, Wolverhampton United Kingdom
Quad-Ant
1943–45A four-wheel-drive 15-cwt general-service truck built from the Quad-Ant's components once the field artillery tractor went out of production: the tractor's chassis and 3.7-litre Meadows engine under a closed cab…
Guy Motors Ltd, Fallings Park, Wolverhampton United Kingdom
Quad-Ant
1944–45The 15-cwt four-wheel-drive Guy as a tractor for the 6-pounder anti-tank gun, built on Quad-Ant components with the GS truck.
Guy Motors Ltd, Fallings Park, Wolverhampton United Kingdom
Quad-Ant
1939–41A forward-control, longer-wheelbase version of the Quad-Ant with a dynamo in the drive line, used as a mobile generator for anti-aircraft searchlights.
Guy Motors Ltd, Fallings Park, Wolverhampton United Kingdom
Quad-Ant
1945Quad-Ants and 15-cwt GS trucks passed to the Danish Army after 1945, among the first vehicles it received from Britain.
Guy Motors Ltd, Fallings Park, Wolverhampton United Kingdom
Light Tank (Wheeled)
1939–40The first 50 production cars, with a Vickers .50-inch machine gun and a coaxial .303-inch Vickers in the turret and a No. 19 wireless set.
Guy Motors Ltd, Fallings Park, Wolverhampton United Kingdom
Light Tank (Wheeled)
1940The second 51 cars, armed with a 15 mm and a 7.92 mm Besa machine gun in place of the Vickers guns.
Guy Motors Ltd, Fallings Park, Wolverhampton United Kingdom
Light Tank (Wheeled)
1940Guy armoured cars with their guns removed and an extra seat fitted, held in 1940 by the Coats Mission to move the King, the Queen and the two princesses to safety in the event of a German invasion.
Guy Motors Ltd, Fallings Park, Wolverhampton United Kingdom
Six-wheelers
1928An armoured car built by Guy in the mid-1920s on its six-wheeled commercial chassis, weighing 9 tons with a top speed of 45 mph; over 100 were supplied to the Indian government in 1928.
Guy Motors Ltd, Fallings Park, Wolverhampton United Kingdom
Six-wheelers
1926The rigid six-wheeler as an artillery tractor; Guy supplied gun tractors of this type to the Indian government.
Guy Motors Ltd, Fallings Park, Wolverhampton United Kingdom
Six-wheelers
1933–39The FBAX with a searchlight and generator body for the anti-aircraft searchlight units.
Guy Motors Ltd, Fallings Park, Wolverhampton United Kingdom
Six-wheelers
1933–39The FBAX with a wireless (radio) house body.
Guy Motors Ltd, Fallings Park, Wolverhampton United Kingdom
Six-wheelers
1933–39The FBAX as a breakdown lorry, with a gantry or a derrick for lifting.
Guy Motors Ltd, Fallings Park, Wolverhampton United Kingdom
FWD
1941The ambulance body on the FWD chassis, part of the same 6,500-vehicle series as the Box.
Humber Limited (Rootes Group), Coventry United Kingdom
FWD
1941The 8-cwt truck of the FWD series: the load-carrying version of the same four-wheel-drive chassis.
Humber Limited (Rootes Group), Coventry United Kingdom
Armoured Car
1942–45About 2,000 built with the American M5 or M6 37 mm gun in place of the Besa guns.
Humber Limited (Rootes Group), Coventry United Kingdom
Armoured Car
1942–61Canadian, Indian and Portuguese forces all ran Humbers — the Portuguese ones into the fighting at Goa in 1961.
Humber Limited (Rootes Group), Coventry United Kingdom
Pig
1958–90The Pig with the RUC from late 1958 — the first police force to run it, and years before the Army needed it in the same streets.
Humber Limited (Rootes Group), Coventry United Kingdom
Pig
1972–93The rearmoured Pig: 14,300 lb against the Mk 1’s 10,500, with more protection and heavy bull bars for breaching barricades.
Humber Limited (Rootes Group), Coventry United Kingdom
Pig
1972–93The Northern Ireland conversions: the Flying Pig with hinged riot screens, the Kremlin Pig with wire screening against rocket-propelled grenades, and the Foaming Pig with a blast-diffusing foam system.
Humber Limited (Rootes Group), Coventry United Kingdom
Scout 80, 800 and II
1964The 3,000-vehicle series of 1964 that marked the 100,000th Scout: white paint with red trim, a red interior and Red Carpet badging on the Travel-top.
International Harvester United States
Scout 80, 800 and II
1966–68The sporting Scout of 1966–68: the Sportop with a sloping fibreglass hard top or a folding canvas top over the rear, bucket seats and bright trim, the Scout as a convertible.
International Harvester United States
Scout 80, 800 and II
1969–71The 800A packages of 1969–71: the Comanche with stripes, wide wheels and the 304 V8, and the Sno-Star for snow-belt buyers with a plough mount, heavy-duty cooling and the V8.
International Harvester United States
Scout 80, 800 and II
1972–80The sport package of the Scout II: the Rallye with stripes, wheel-arch flares, wide white-letter tyres on spoke wheels, a roll bar and the 345 V8, the most common dressed Scout II.
International Harvester United States
Scout 80, 800 and II
1976The bicentennial Scout: 384 Scout IIs of 1976 in white with a blue soft top and blue and red appliqué stripes; the Patriot was the hard-top version on the Scout II, Terra and Traveler.
International Harvester United States
Scout 80, 800 and II
1976–80The first diesel American SUV: the Scout II, Terra and Traveler with the Nissan SD33 3.3-litre six from 1976 and the turbocharged SD33T from 1979, chosen for fuel economy after the 1973 crisis.
International Harvester United States
Scout 80, 800 and II
1977–79The stripped Scout: the SSII of February 1977 to 1979 with a soft top, soft doors, a roll bar, no tailgate and a wire-mesh grille, sold as the Rancher Special, Brush Buster, Sport and Baja Cruiser sub-models for…
International Harvester United States
Scout 80, 800 and II
1977–80The luxury conversions of 1977–80 by Midas Van Conversions of Elkhart, Indiana: Scout IIs, Terras and Travelers with swivel seats, shag carpet, dual sunroofs, wood trim and exterior graphics, sold through…
Midas Van Conversions United States
Scout 80, 800 and II
1980The 1980 Gold Star editions in the Scout’s last year: the 844 with the V8 and the 434 with the four, gold striping and badges on the Scout II, Terra and Traveler.
International Harvester United States
Scout 80, 800 and II
1980The last Scout edition: the 1980 RS Special Limited Edition Traveler in Tahitian Red with a velour interior, gold accents and RS badging, built in the months before Fort Wayne closed the line on 21 October 1980.
International Harvester United States
Scout 80, 800 and II
1976–82The Swiss luxury Scout: Peter Monteverdi’s Safari of 1976–82, a Scout II rebodied at Basel by Fissore with a new steel body, leather, air conditioning and the 345 or 440 V8, sold in Europe and the Gulf against the…
Automobile Monteverdi (with Carrozzeria Fissore) Switzerland
Travelall and light-line 4x4
1961–75The first factory crew-cab pick-up with four-wheel drive: International’s Travelette six-seater on the light-line chassis, four-wheel drive from the 1960s, for utilities, contractors and the Forest Service.
International Harvester United States
Trooper and Bighorn
1981–2004The Australian Trooper: sold by Holden as the Jackaroo from 1981 and as the Monterey from 1998, a staple of Australian farms, mine sites and caravan towing for twenty years.
Isuzu, Fujisawa Japan
Trooper and Bighorn
1992–99The European Trooper: sold through Opel and Vauxhall dealers as the Monterey with the 3.1 and 3.0 diesels and the 3.2 V6, alongside Isuzu’s own Trooper in Britain.
Isuzu, Fujisawa Japan
Trooper and Bighorn
1994–99The Honda Troopers: the Acura SLX in the United States from 1996 to 1999 and the Honda Horizon in Japan from 1994, both second-generation Troopers with different badges, sold while Honda had no large four-wheel drive…
Isuzu, Fujisawa Japan
Faster, Rodeo and D-Max
2003The Australian D-Max: sold by Holden as the Rodeo from 2003 and, after the GM–Isuzu split, as the Colorado from 2008, before Isuzu Ute Australia took the D-Max name back.
Isuzu, Fujisawa, Isuzu Motors (Thailand), Samrong Thailand, Japan
Faster, Rodeo and D-Max
2005The working D-Max: pick-ups with aid agencies, utilities, mining companies and police forces across Asia, Africa and Latin America, where Thai production and cheap parts make it the Hilux’s closest rival.
Isuzu, Fujisawa, Isuzu Motors (Thailand), Samrong Thailand, Japan
Faster, Rodeo and D-Max
2020The Mazda D-Max: the third-generation BT-50 of 2020, built alongside the D-Max in Thailand with Mazda’s own front end and trim, after Mazda’s arrangement with Ford ended.
Isuzu, Fujisawa, Isuzu Motors (Thailand), Samrong Thailand, Japan
Daily 4x4
1984The rescue Daily: Alpine and Mediterranean fire brigades, mountain rescue teams and civil protection services across Italy, Austria, Switzerland, France and Spain run Daily 4x4 chassis cabs as light pumps, forest…
Iveco, Turin Italy
Daily 4x4
1990The overland Daily: expedition campers built on the Daily 4x4 chassis by Action Mobil, Unicat, Bimobil and others, the European alternative to a Unimog for long-distance travel.
Iveco, Turin Italy
Massif
2008–11The name revived: the Iveco Campagnola of 2008, a better-equipped Massif with air conditioning and anti-lock brakes, announced as an Opening Edition of 499, taking back the name Fiat used for its own 4x4 of 1951–87.
Santana Motor (Metalúrgica de Santa Ana), Iveco, Turin Spain, Italy
VM 90 and LMV
1992–95The Canadian VM 90: 2,879 Light Support Vehicles Wheeled built under licence by Western Star with a turbocharged 115 hp engine and an automatic gearbox for the Canadian Forces, in cargo, ambulance and shelter forms.
Iveco, Turin, Western Star, Kelowna (Iveco licence) Canada, Italy
VM 90 and LMV
1985–2010The Italian Torpedo: the open VM 90 carrying ten men, the Army’s light truck through the 1990s and 2000s in the Balkans, Somalia, Iraq and Afghanistan, with the Carabinieri and civil protection as well.
Iveco, Turin Italy
VM 90 and LMV
2006The British LMV: 401 Panther Command and Liaison Vehicles bought for the British Army, fitted with a remote weapon station and British communications, in service from 2006 in Iraq and Afghanistan.
Iveco, Turin Italy
Willys MB / Ford GPW
1942–45Ford’s production of the standardised quarter-ton Jeep to Willys drawings: about 280,000 GPWs from 1942 to 1945, distinguishable by the F-stamped parts and the inverted-U front cross-member.
Ford Motor Company United States
Willys MB / Ford GPW
1942–43The “Seep”: a GPW drivetrain in a boat-shaped steel hull with a propeller and rudder, 12,778 built by Ford in 1942–43, most of them sent to the Soviet Union under Lend-Lease.
Ford Motor Company United States
Willys MB / Ford GPW
1955–66The French Army’s licence-built Willys MB: 27,628 built by Hotchkiss at Saint-Denis and Stains from 1955 to 1966, 24-volt from 1961, in service into the 1990s.
Hotchkiss France
CJ
1954–2010The CJ-3B built under licence in Bombay by Mahindra & Mahindra from 1954, and developed into the CJ-4, CJ-500, MM 540 and Thar that kept the high-bonnet Jeep in production into the 2010s.
Mahindra & Mahindra India
CJ
1953–98The CJ-3B and later CJ-3B-derived Jeeps built under licence by Mitsubishi for the Japan Self-Defense Forces and civilian sale from 1953 to 1998, the J3 of 1953 being the first.
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries / Mitsubishi Motors Japan
M38 / M38A1
1952–71The Canadian Army’s M38A1, built by Ford of Canada at Windsor from 1952 and by Kaiser Jeep from 1967, with Canadian-pattern lighting and a 24-volt system; the CDN3 of 1967–71 served into the 1990s.
Kaiser Jeep Corporation, Ford Motor Company Canada, United States
M38 / M38A1
1955–62The Dutch Army’s M38A1, assembled by Nekaf at Rotterdam from 1955 and by Kaiser-Frazer’s Dutch plant to 1962: about 8,000 vehicles that served the Netherlands until the 1990s.
Kaiser Jeep Corporation, Nederlandse Kaiser-Frazer Fabrieken (Nekaf) Netherlands, United States
M38 / M38A1
1953–67The 101-inch stretched M38A1 built as a two-litter front-line ambulance from 1953 to 1967, with a folding rear body and a canvas top; about 4,000 for the US Army and Marines.
Willys-Overland Motors United States
CJ
1964–67Kaiser Jeep’s first dressed-up CJ: the Tuxedo Park Mark IV of 1964–67, a CJ-5 or CJ-6 with chrome bumpers, hubcaps and mirrors, whitewall tyres and two-tone paint sold as a sporting car rather than a farm vehicle.
Kaiser Jeep Corporation, American Motors Corporation (Jeep Corporation) United States
CJ
1970–83The performance CJ-5: the Renegade I of 1970 and Renegade II of 1971 with the Dauntless V6, wide wheels and a roll bar, then the regular Renegade package from 1972 to 1983 with AMC’s 304 V8 and the hood stripe.
Kaiser Jeep Corporation, American Motors Corporation (Jeep Corporation) United States
CJ
1973The 1973 Super Jeep: a CJ-5 with the Renegade’s stripes and Levi’s-style trim on steel wheels, offered when the Renegade’s alloy wheels were in short supply.
American Motors Corporation (Jeep Corporation) United States
CJ
1977–80The Golden Eagle package of 1977–80 on the CJ-5 and CJ-7: Thrush Brown paint with gold wheels and the eagle decal on the bonnet, Levi’s tan soft top and seats, a roll bar and the 304 V8.
American Motors Corporation (Jeep Corporation) United States
CJ
1980–83The Laredo of 1980–83: the luxury CJ package with chrome bumpers, grille and mirrors, a hard top or soft top with matching trim, leather-wrapped wheel and high-back seats, on the CJ-5 until its end.
American Motors Corporation (Jeep Corporation) United States
CJ
1964–67The long-wheelbase CJ-6 with the Tuxedo Park Mark IV chrome and trim of 1964–67 — the rarest of the Mark IVs, a 101-inch leisure Jeep that few buyers chose.
Kaiser Jeep Corporation, American Motors Corporation (Jeep Corporation) United States
CJ
1976–86The Renegade package on the CJ-7 for every year of its life, 1976–86: the hood stripe, alloy wheels, Trac-Lok differential and the 304 V8 or 258 six, the most common trimmed CJ-7.
American Motors Corporation (Jeep Corporation) United States
CJ
1977–80The Golden Eagle CJ-7 of 1977–80: Thrush Brown with the eagle bonnet decal, gold wheels, Levi’s tan top and seats and the 304 V8 — the best-known of the AMC decal packages.
American Motors Corporation (Jeep Corporation) United States
CJ
1980–86The chromed CJ-7 of 1980–86: Laredo bumpers, grille, mirrors and wheels, high-back seats in leather-look trim, a Trac-Lok rear axle and pinstripes, on hard-top and soft-top CJ-7s to the end of the line.
American Motors Corporation (Jeep Corporation) United States
CJ
1982–83The 1982–83 CJ-7 Limited: a road-going CJ with a hard top, carpets, air conditioning, softer springs, whitewall tyres and monochrome paint with pinstripes — the most expensive CJ made.
American Motors Corporation (Jeep Corporation) United States
CJ
1982The 1982 Jamboree: 2,500 numbered CJ-7s built for the thirtieth anniversary of the Jeepers Jamboree on the Rubicon Trail, in Topaz Gold or Olympic White with a numbered dash plaque, chrome wheels and the 258 six.
American Motors Corporation (Jeep Corporation) United States
CJ
1981–86The Scrambler with the Laredo package: chrome bumpers, grille and wheels, a soft or hard half-cab top, high-back seats and pinstripes on the 103.4-inch pick-up, 1981–86.
American Motors Corporation (Jeep Corporation) United States
CJ
1981–85The Australian Scrambler: right-hand-drive CJ-8s with a full-length steel hard top, marketed as the Overlander from 1981 to 1985, with the 258 six and a payload suited to station work.
American Motors Corporation (Jeep Corporation) United States
CJ
1985–86The last Scramblers: about 230 right-hand-drive CJ-8s with the full steel hard top built in 1985–86 for the United States Postal Service in Alaska.
American Motors Corporation (Jeep Corporation) United States
FC (Forward Control)
1959–65The heavy-duty FC-170 with dual rear wheels, a 9,000 lb gross rating, the Super Hurricane six and a four-speed gearbox, sold as a cab-chassis for stake, dump and tow bodies from 1959.
Willys-Overland Motors United States
FC (Forward Control)
1964–65The FC-170 built for the US Navy and Marine Corps in 1964–65 as the M676 pick-up, M677 four-door crew cab, M678 carryall and M679 ambulance, with a Cerlist three-cylinder two-stroke diesel; about 400 built.
Kaiser Jeep Corporation United States
Wagoneer / Cherokee SJ
1966–69The first luxury four-wheel drive: the 1966–69 Super Wagoneer with the 270 hp Vigilante 327 V8, automatic gearbox, power steering and brakes, air conditioning, a padded vinyl roof and gold trim, priced with Cadillacs.
Kaiser Jeep Corporation, American Motors Corporation (Jeep Corporation) United States
Wagoneer / Cherokee SJ
1978–83The 1978–83 Wagoneer Limited: leather, wood-grain sides, alloy wheels, air conditioning and the 360 V8 with Quadra-Trac, the model that became the Grand Wagoneer in 1984.
American Motors Corporation (Jeep Corporation) United States
Wagoneer / Cherokee SJ
1976–83The wide-track Cherokee of 1976–83: the Chief package with flared arches over 10-inch-wide wheels, a 3-inch wider track, stripes and the 360 or 401 V8, the model that made the SJ Cherokee a sports vehicle.
American Motors Corporation (Jeep Corporation) United States
Wagoneer / Cherokee SJ
1974–83The Cherokee S (Sport) of 1974–83: the two-door SJ with bucket seats, a sports steering wheel, wider wheels and stripes, the trim the Cherokee launched with.
American Motors Corporation (Jeep Corporation) United States
Wagoneer / Cherokee SJ
1980–83The Cherokee Laredo of 1980–83: the SJ with chrome bumpers and grille, alloy wheels, leather-look bucket seats and pinstripes — an upholstery and trim package rather than a mechanical one.
American Motors Corporation (Jeep Corporation) United States
J-series (Gladiator truck)
1976–83The sport J-10 pick-up of 1976–83: the Honcho package with Levi’s trim, wide wheels, stripes and the 360 V8, on the 119-inch short-bed truck; a Sportside stepside version from 1980.
American Motors Corporation (Jeep Corporation) United States
J-series (Gladiator truck)
1977–79The J-10 with the Golden Eagle package of 1977–79: the eagle bonnet decal, gold wheels and lettering and Levi’s trim, on the short-bed pick-up.
American Motors Corporation (Jeep Corporation) United States
Cherokee XJ / Comanche MJ
1984–90The Chief package on the compact Cherokee, 1984–90: stripes, wheel-arch flares over wide wheels and a two-tone scheme on the two-door, continuing the SJ Chief’s name.
American Motors Corporation (Jeep Corporation) United States
Cherokee XJ / Comanche MJ
1984–90The Pioneer of 1984–90: the mid-range XJ with a cloth interior, wood-grain dash trim, styled wheels and the Command-Trac or Selec-Trac transfer case, in two and four-door bodies.
American Motors Corporation (Jeep Corporation) United States
Cherokee XJ / Comanche MJ
1984–90The luxury XJ of 1984–90: the Wagoneer and Wagoneer Limited with wood-grain sides, a four-headlamp grille, leather and the Selec-Trac transfer case — the compact successor to the Wagoneer name.
American Motors Corporation (Jeep Corporation) United States
Cherokee XJ / Comanche MJ
1985–92The Laredo XJ of 1985–92: chrome grille and bumpers, alloy wheels, a full cloth or leather interior and pinstripes, the upmarket Cherokee below the Wagoneer and later the Limited.
American Motors Corporation (Jeep Corporation), Chrysler (Jeep), Toledo United States
Cherokee XJ / Comanche MJ
1991–92The 1991–92 Briarwood: a four-door Limited with wood-grain vinyl sides, the last XJ to wear the Wagoneer’s wood, with the 4.0-litre and Selec-Trac.
Chrysler (Jeep), Toledo United States
Cherokee XJ / Comanche MJ
1988–2001The Sport of 1988–2001: the volume XJ with the 4.0-litre six, cloth interior, alloy wheels and body-colour trim, in two and four-door bodies through the 1997 facelift to the end.
Chrysler (Jeep), Toledo United States
Cherokee XJ / Comanche MJ
1993–97The 1993–97 Country: the top XJ after the Limited’s first run, with two-tone paint, alloy wheels, a roof rack, leather or cloth and the 4.0-litre with Selec-Trac.
Chrysler (Jeep), Toledo United States
Cherokee XJ / Comanche MJ
1996–2001The Classic of 1996–2001: the mid-range facelift-era XJ with a chrome grille, alloy wheels and cloth interior between the Sport and the Limited, and the Freedom edition of 2001 that closed the line.
Chrysler (Jeep), Toledo United States
Cherokee XJ / Comanche MJ
1989–2001The Cherokee with the AHB police package of 1989–2001: the 4.0-litre with heavy-duty cooling, alternator and suspension, certified for pursuit by the Michigan State Police tests, used by rural, snow-belt and Border…
Chrysler (Jeep), Toledo United States
Cherokee XJ / Comanche MJ
1988–92The sport Comanche of 1988–92: the Eliminator with the 4.0-litre six, alloy wheels, a body-colour grille and bumpers, fog lamps and stripes, on the short-bed 113-inch pick-up.
Chrysler (Jeep), Toledo United States
Cherokee XJ / Comanche MJ
1987–90The Comanche with the Chief package, 1987–90: the Cherokee Chief’s stripes, flares and wide wheels on the pick-up, on the long 120-inch and short 113-inch beds.
American Motors Corporation (Jeep Corporation), Chrysler (Jeep), Toledo United States
Cherokee XJ / Comanche MJ
1986–92The Pioneer of 1986–92: the work-and-family Comanche with cloth seats, styled wheels and a chrome grille, the most common trim on the Jeep pick-up.
American Motors Corporation (Jeep Corporation), Chrysler (Jeep), Toledo United States
Wrangler YJ
1988–95The Sahara of 1988–95: the YJ in Khaki or Sage Green with a khaki soft top, fog lamps, a full centre console, colour-keyed flares and the 4.2 or 4.0-litre six — the first Sahara, a name still in use.
Chrysler (Jeep), Toledo United States
Wrangler YJ
1991–94The Renegade of 1991–94: a YJ with the Autostyle body kit of colour-keyed bumpers, side steps and wide flares, alloy wheels, fog lamps and the 4.0-litre, in black, white, red or blue.
Chrysler (Jeep), Toledo United States
Wrangler YJ
1995The 1995 Rio Grande: the last-year YJ package with the 2.5-litre four, Aztec-pattern seats, a body-side decal and alloy wheels, in Moss Green, Bright Mango or Aqua Pearl.
Chrysler (Jeep), Toledo United States
Wrangler TJ
1997–2004The TJ Sahara of 1997–2004: the 4.0-litre six, colour-keyed flares, fog lamps, a Dana 44 rear axle, alloy wheels and Sahara seats, in Khaki, Sage Green and later other colours.
Chrysler (Jeep), Toledo United States
Wrangler TJ
2003–06The first Rubicon, 2003–06: a TJ with Dana 44 axles front and rear with air-locking differentials, the Rock-Trac 4:1 transfer case, 31-inch Goodyear MT/R tyres and rock rails, built for the trail it was named after.
Chrysler (Jeep), Toledo United States
Wrangler TJ
2004–06The 2004–06 Unlimited: the TJ stretched ten inches to a 103.4-inch wheelbase with 13 inches more cargo space, the 4.0-litre and a longer soft top — the first long-wheelbase Wrangler, and the Unlimited Rubicon of 2005.
Chrysler (Jeep), Toledo United States
Wrangler TJ
2004The 2004 Willys Edition: a TJ Sport in Moss Green with a black soft top and 15-inch wheels, a Willys hood decal and a military-style star, made for one model year.
Chrysler (Jeep), Toledo United States
Wrangler TJ
2006The 2006 Golden Eagle: a TJ Sport with the eagle bonnet decal of the 1970s, Dark Khaki or Jeep Green paint, a Dana 44 rear axle, 30-inch tyres and gold-accented wheels, in the last TJ year.
Chrysler (Jeep), Toledo United States
Wrangler JK
2007–18The four-door Wrangler of 2007–18: the JK Unlimited on a 116-inch wheelbase with four full doors and a removable top, which by 2017 accounted for three-quarters of Wrangler sales.
Chrysler (Jeep), Toledo United States
Wrangler JK
2007–18The JK Rubicon, 2007–18: Dana 44 axles with electric lockers, an electronic front anti-roll-bar disconnect, the Rock-Trac 4:1 transfer case, 32-inch tyres and rock rails, in two- and four-door bodies; the 10th…
Chrysler (Jeep), Toledo United States
Wrangler JK
2007–18The JK Sahara, 2007–18: the road-oriented trim with body-colour flares and hard top, 18-inch alloys, fog lamps, automatic air conditioning and an Alpine stereo, on two- and four-door Wranglers.
Chrysler (Jeep), Toledo United States
Wrangler JK
2014–18The Willys Wheeler of 2014–18: a Sport with the Rubicon’s rear locker and rock rails, 3.73 gears, BFGoodrich KM2 mud tyres on black wheels and Willys graphics — a trail package at Sport price.
Chrysler (Jeep), Toledo United States
Wrangler JK
2016The 2016 75th Anniversary Edition: a Sahara in Sarge Green with bronze-accented wheels and badges, a power-dome bonnet, Ocean Blue interior and 75th badging, marking the MB’s 1941 debut.
Chrysler (Jeep), Toledo United States
Wrangler JK
2008–18The military JK: the J8 built by Arab American Vehicles in Cairo from 2008 with a 2.8-litre VM diesel, a heavy-duty frame, Dana 60 rear axle, a 1,000 kg payload and a snorkel, in two- and four-door and pick-up bodies…
Arab American Vehicles Egypt
Wrangler JL / Gladiator JT
2018The JL Rubicon since 2018: Dana 44 axles with Tru-Lok lockers, the Rock-Trac 4:1 transfer case, electronic sway-bar disconnect, 33-inch tyres and steel rock rails; the Xtreme Recon package of 2021 added 35-inch tyres…
Chrysler (Jeep), Toledo United States
Wrangler JL / Gladiator JT
2018The four-door JL Sahara since 2018: the road trim with body-colour flares and hard top, 18-inch alloys, the Selec-Trac full-time transfer case option and the full interior, in four-door form only from 2018.
Chrysler (Jeep), Toledo United States
Wrangler JL / Gladiator JT
2020The JL Willys since 2020: the Sport S with a Trac-Lok rear axle, rock rails, 32-inch mud-terrain tyres on black wheels, Rubicon shocks and Willys graphics — the successor to the Willys Wheeler.
Chrysler (Jeep), Toledo United States
Wrangler JL / Gladiator JT
2021The plug-in hybrid Wrangler since 2021: the 2.0-litre turbo four with two electric motors and a 17 kWh battery, 375 hp, 21 miles of electric range and the full four-wheel-drive system, in Sahara, Rubicon and Willys…
Chrysler (Jeep), Toledo United States
Wrangler JL / Gladiator JT
2021–25The V8 Wrangler of 2021–25: the Rubicon 392 with the 6.4-litre Hemi, 470 hp, an eight-speed automatic, a 2-inch lift, 33-inch tyres and a bonnet scoop — the first V8 Wrangler from the factory, ended with a Final Edition.
Chrysler (Jeep), Toledo United States
Wrangler JL / Gladiator JT
2020The Gladiator pick-up in Rubicon trim since 2020: the 137.3-inch-wheelbase JT with Dana 44 axles and lockers, the Rock-Trac transfer case, sway-bar disconnect, 33-inch tyres, a five-foot bed and a 7,650 lb tow rating.
Chrysler (Jeep), Toledo United States
Wrangler JL / Gladiator JT
2020The desert-rated Gladiator since 2020: the Mojave with 2.5-inch Fox internal-bypass shocks and hydraulic jounce bumpers, a 1-inch front lift, reinforced frame and 33-inch tyres, the first Jeep with the Desert Rated…
Chrysler (Jeep), Toledo United States
4310
1989–95The modernised 4310s of 1989–95: the 43101 with folding side walls, the 43106 the general update.
Kamaz, Naberezhnye Chelny Russia
4310
1981–95The winch-equipped 4310 with an extended flatbed, carrying seven tonnes rather than six.
Kamaz, Naberezhnye Chelny Russia
43114 and 43118
2016The higher-payload successor to the 43114, and by the middle of 2016 the main civilian offering.
Kamaz, Naberezhnye Chelny Russia
Mustang
2003The two-axle Mustang: the 4×4 of the family, sharing its cab and chassis design with the 5350 and 6350.
Kamaz, Naberezhnye Chelny Russia
Mustang
2003The four-axle Mustang, the heavy end of the family.
Kamaz, Naberezhnye Chelny Russia
Typhoon
2014The amphibious Typhoon: the 6×6 armoured carrier with a remotely controlled weapon station.
Kamaz, Naberezhnye Chelny Russia
Typhoon
2014The short Typhoon: a 4×4 mine-protected carrier 6.7 m long for two crew and eight troops, on the Cummins 6ISBe 350 P-6 six, 350 hp and 1,090 N·m, through a six-speed automatic, with a remotely controlled weapon station.
Remdiesel, Naberezhnye Chelny Russia
Race trucks
2020The K5-generation race truck: a 4×4 on a 12.98-litre turbocharged and intercooled six, 8,600 kg dry and 10,200 kg laden, 6,900 mm long, good for 165 km/h.
Kamaz-master, Naberezhnye Chelny Russia
Protze
1936The Protze’s main job: towing the 3.7 cm Pak 36 anti-tank gun and carrying its crew and ammunition.
Fried. Krupp AG, Essen Germany
Protze
1936The twelve-seat personnel carrier: two in front and ten behind, on the same 6×4 chassis.
Fried. Krupp AG, Essen Germany
Protze
1936The specialist bodies: the Kfz 19 telephone truck, the Kfz 21 staff car, the Kfz 68 radio mast carrier and the Kfz 83 generator carrier for searchlights.
Fried. Krupp AG, Essen Germany
Protze
1936The ammunition carrier for the 2 cm FlaK guns.
Fried. Krupp AG, Essen Germany
Protze
1937The armoured Protze: ten Sd.Kfz. 247 Ausf. A command cars built on the chassis in 1937.
Fried. Krupp AG, Essen Germany
Protze
1939–45Hungary, Latvia and Poland all operated Protzes alongside Germany.
Fried. Krupp AG, Essen Germany
Type 95
1936–44The two-door roadster: the reconnaissance body the type was designed around, seating three.
Tokyu Kogyo Kurogane, Ōmori Japan
Type 95
1937–44The two-door pick-up, with a load bed behind the cab.
Tokyu Kogyo Kurogane, Ōmori Japan
Type 95
1937–44The four-door phaeton — the staff body, and the rarest of the three.
Tokyu Kogyo Kurogane, Ōmori Japan
Type 95
1936–45The Type 95 in Imperial Japanese Army service from 1936, in China and across the Pacific until 1944.
Tokyu Kogyo Kurogane, Ōmori Japan
Niva 2121 and 2131
1999–2007The Peugeot-engined Niva: the 1.9-litre XUD9 diesel of 75 hp fitted for European markets from 1999 to 2007, the only diesel Niva AvtoVAZ built in numbers.
AvtoVAZ, Tolyatti Russia
Niva 2121 and 2131
1997The swamp Nivas: PSA Bronto’s conversions since 1997 with oversized low-pressure tyres, raised suspension and reinforced axles for Siberian marsh, tundra and snow — about 350 in the first eight years.
PSA Bronto, Tolyatti Russia
Niva 2121 and 2131
1990The extreme Nivas: Nivas ran at the Soviet and Russian Antarctic stations for more than a decade in temperatures down to −54 °C, and a VAZ-2131 reached 5,725 metres on a Tibetan mountain in 1999.
AvtoVAZ, Tolyatti Russia
Niva 2121 and 2131
1981–90The rally Nivas: the Poch-prepared Nivas that ran the Paris–Dakar in the 1980s with tuned engines and long-travel suspension, the Soviet Union’s only regular entry in the event.
AvtoVAZ, Tolyatti Russia
Niva 2121 and 2131
1976–85The amphibious Niva: the VAZ-2122 Reka, a simplified open-bodied Niva built for the Soviet army in six prototype series from 1976, able to swim, with a 1.3-litre engine; the army approved of it but it was never put…
AvtoVAZ, Tolyatti Russia
LM002
1992–93The last 60 LM002s, sold only in the United States and first shown at the 1992 Detroit Auto Show.
Lamborghini, Sant'Agata Bolognese Italy
LM002
1986–93The optional engine: a 7.2-litre L804 V12 taken from Lamborghini's offshore powerboats.
Lamborghini, Sant'Agata Bolognese Italy
Prototypes
1981–82The two prototypes between the Cheetah and the production car: the LM001, the same rear-engined layout with an AMC V8, and the LMA002, which moved the Countach V12 to the front and settled the LM002's shape.
Lamborghini, Sant'Agata Bolognese Italy
Tractors
1920–52From about 1920 Linns pioneered snow ploughing — one of the first machines put to the job in America.
Linn Manufacturing, Morris United States
Tractors
1938–52An experimental convertible truck-tractor of 1938 that did not succeed after the war.
Linn Manufacturing, Morris United States
967 TPK
1972–75The last TPK, further upgraded, built until production ended in 1975.
Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant (UAZ), LuAZ, Lutsk Ukraine, Russia
967 TPK
1970–75A six-wheeled version of the TPK built for geological survey work.
Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant (UAZ), LuAZ, Lutsk Ukraine, Russia
969 Volyn
1966–71The first cars, badged ZAZ and built with front-wheel drive only — the first Soviet vehicle to have it.
ZAZ, Zaporizhia Ukraine
969 Volyn
1975–79The 969A, with the 1,197 cc MeMZ-969 V4 of 40 hp.
Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant (UAZ), LuAZ, Lutsk Ukraine, Russia
969 Volyn
1979–96The 969M, known everywhere as the Volynianka — the Volhynian — after the region around Lutsk. The longest-lived version.
Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant (UAZ), LuAZ, Lutsk Ukraine, Russia
969 Volyn
1980–92The Volyn was popular in Italy, where Martorelli also offered it with a Ford engine.
Martorelli, Italy Italy
CJ, MM and Major
1965–2010The Indian services’ Mahindra: long-wheelbase MM 540 and 550 hard tops with the army, the state police forces, the paramilitary and the revenue services, alongside the Maruti Gypsy.
Mahindra & Mahindra India
CJ, MM and Major
1990–2010The taxi Mahindras: the Commander and Marshal long-wheelbase versions with bench seats, the shared taxis of small-town and rural India before the Bolero took over.
Mahindra & Mahindra India
Thar and Roxor
2018The American Thar: the Roxor, an off-highway-only vehicle assembled at Auburn Hills, Michigan from 2018 with the 2.5-litre turbo-diesel, limited to 45 and later 55 mph; Fiat Chrysler’s trade-dress complaint led to an…
Mahindra & Mahindra, Mahindra Automotive North America, Auburn Hills United States, India
Thar and Roxor
2024The five-door Thar: the Roxx of 15 August 2024 with a longer wheelbase, five doors, a panoramic roof and driver-assistance systems, named Autocar India’s Car of the Year for 2024.
Mahindra & Mahindra India
Scorpio
2007–19The Scorpio pick-up: the Getaway of 2007 in single and double cab with four-wheel drive, sold in India, Africa and Latin America as a working truck.
Mahindra & Mahindra India
Scorpio
2002The official Scorpio: state police forces, paramilitary units, forest departments and revenue services across India run Scorpios as their standard four-wheel drive, often with a light bar and a bull bar.
Mahindra & Mahindra India
G-Class (W460, W461, W463)
1979–91The petrol six W460: the 280 GE with the 2.8-litre M110 twin-cam six, 150–156 hp, the fastest and the export G of the 1980s and the car that won the 1983 Paris–Dakar with Jacky Ickx and Claude Brasseur.
Mercedes-Benz (Daimler-Benz), Magna Steyr (Steyr-Daimler-Puch), Graz Austria, Germany
G-Class (W460, W461, W463)
1979–91The diesel W460s: the 240 GD with the 2.4-litre OM616 four (72 hp) and the 300 GD with the 3.0-litre OM617 five (88 hp), the working G-Wagens of farms, forestry, utilities, the Red Cross and armies across Europe.
Mercedes-Benz (Daimler-Benz), Magna Steyr (Steyr-Daimler-Puch), Graz Austria, Germany
G-Class (W460, W461, W463)
1979–2000The G-Class as a Puch: Steyr-Daimler-Puch sold the Graz-built G under its own name in Austria, Switzerland and some Eastern Bloc markets from 1979 to 2000 with Puch badges and grille lettering, including the Swiss…
Mercedes-Benz (Daimler-Benz), Magna Steyr (Steyr-Daimler-Puch), Graz Austria, Germany
G-Class (W460, W461, W463)
1981–92The French Army’s G: the Peugeot P4 of 1981–92, a W460 built under licence by Peugeot at Sochaux with the 504’s 2.0-litre petrol and 2.5-litre diesel and Peugeot gearbox, 13,500 for the French forces; Panhard rebuilt…
Peugeot, Sochaux, Panhard, Marolles-en-Hurepoix France
G-Class (W460, W461, W463)
1990–2022The German Army’s G: the Wolf, a W461 250 GD and later 290 GD and G 270 CDI on the short and long chassis with a soft top, fold-down windscreen and military fittings, about 12,000 from 1990, plus the armoured Wolf…
Mercedes-Benz (Daimler-Benz), Magna Steyr (Steyr-Daimler-Puch), Graz Austria, Germany
G-Class (W460, W461, W463)
2003Canada’s W461: 1,159 G 270 CDI G-Wagens delivered from 2003 as light utility vehicles, including armoured patrol versions with the Armour Protection Kit, used in Afghanistan from 2004.
Mercedes-Benz (Daimler-Benz), Magna Steyr (Steyr-Daimler-Puch), Graz Austria, Germany
G-Class (W460, W461, W463)
2012–15The Australian Army’s 2,146 W461 G-Wagons under Project Land 121, delivered 2012–15 from Graz with the 3.0-litre V6 diesel in 4x4 and 6x6 (Mercedes-designed, Graz-built) forms as cargo, command, ambulance…
Mercedes-Benz (Daimler-Benz), Magna Steyr (Steyr-Daimler-Puch), Graz Austria, Germany
G-Class (W460, W461, W463)
2010–16The civilian working G of 2010–16: the W461 G 300 CDI Professional with the 3.0-litre V6 diesel, steel wheels, a vinyl interior, differential locks and part-time four-wheel drive, sold to forestry, utilities, aid…
Mercedes-Benz (Daimler-Benz), Magna Steyr (Steyr-Daimler-Puch), Graz Austria, Germany
G-Class (W460, W461, W463)
1998–2018The V8 G: the G 500 of 1998 with the 5.0-litre M113 V8 (296 hp) replacing the 500 GE, and from 2015 the 4.0-litre biturbo (422 hp), the G that made the W463 a luxury bestseller in the United States from 2002.
Mercedes-Benz (Daimler-Benz), Magna Steyr (Steyr-Daimler-Puch), Graz Austria, Germany
G-Class (W460, W461, W463)
2012–18The AMG G of 2012–18: the G 63 with the 5.5-litre biturbo V8 (544–571 hp), red brake callipers, side exhausts and the AMG interior, the successor to the supercharged G 55 AMG (2004–11) and the best-selling G of its…
Mercedes-Benz (Daimler-Benz), Magna Steyr (Steyr-Daimler-Puch), Graz Austria, Germany
G-Class (W460, W461, W463)
2013–15The six-wheeled G: the G 63 AMG 6x6 of 2013–15, built by Magna Steyr on the Australian Army’s W461 6x6 chassis with the 5.5-litre biturbo V8, five differential locks, portal axles, 37-inch tyres and an on-board…
Mercedes-Benz (Daimler-Benz), Magna Steyr (Steyr-Daimler-Puch), Graz Austria, Germany
G-Class (W460, W461, W463)
2015The portal-axle G: the G 500 4x4² of 2015–17 with the 6x6’s portal axles on the four-wheel chassis, a 4.0-litre biturbo V8, 450 mm of ground clearance and 22-inch wheels, and the G 63 4x4² of 2022 on the second…
Mercedes-Benz (Daimler-Benz), Magna Steyr (Steyr-Daimler-Puch), Graz Austria, Germany
G-Class (W460, W461, W463)
2017The 99-car Landaulet of 2017: a long-wheelbase G on portal axles with a folding rear roof, the G 65’s 6.0-litre V12 (630 hp) and Maybach rear seats, at €749,700 the most expensive G built.
Mercedes-Benz (Daimler-Benz), Magna Steyr (Steyr-Daimler-Puch), Graz Austria, Germany
G-Class (W460, W461, W463)
2018The AMG G since 2018: the G 63 with the 4.0-litre biturbo V8 (585 hp), a nine-speed automatic, AMG suspension and the G-Class’s locks and low range, the best-selling G and, from 2022, the base of the G 63 4x4².
Mercedes-Benz (Daimler-Benz), Magna Steyr (Steyr-Daimler-Puch), Graz Austria, Germany
G-Class (W460, W461, W463)
2024The electric G of 2024: the G 580 with EQ Technology, four motors of 587 hp in total each with its own two-speed low range, a 116 kWh battery in the frame, the G-Turn tank turn and G-Steering, and the G’s ladder…
Mercedes-Benz (Daimler-Benz), Magna Steyr (Steyr-Daimler-Puch), Graz Austria, Germany
Unimog
1956–80The armies’ 404: the Bundeswehr’s 1.5-tonne truck from 1956 as troop carrier, radio truck, ambulance and workshop, and the French Army’s from 1955, the largest single users of the 64,242 built; the Swiss, Belgian…
Mercedes-Benz (Daimler-Benz) Germany
Unimog
1976–93The Bundeswehr’s two-tonne truck of 1976–93: the 435-series U 1300 L with the OM 352 diesel, a 3,250 mm wheelbase and cargo, ambulance, radio, workshop and fire bodies, about 20,000 delivered; still in reserve and…
Mercedes-Benz (Daimler-Benz) Germany
Unimog
2013The UHN’s heaviest: the U 5023 since 2013 with the 5.1-litre OM 934 (231 hp), a 3,850 mm wheelbase, 14.5-tonne gross weight and 30 degrees of articulation — the chassis of most factory-built expedition trucks (Bliss…
Mercedes-Benz (Daimler-Benz) Germany
Unimog
1963–89The 406 on the farm and the road: with front and rear power take-offs, three-point linkage and hydraulics it ran mowers, ploughs, snow ploughs and sweepers for German farms, forestry offices, municipalities and the…
Mercedes-Benz (Daimler-Benz) Germany
Mitsubishi Jeep
1973–98The Japanese army’s Jeep: Mitsubishi J-series vehicles in Japan Ground Self-Defense Force service as the Type 73 light truck, with the 2.7 diesel, until the new Pajero-based Type 73 replaced them from 1996.
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries / Mitsubishi Motors Japan
Pajero, Montero and Shogun
1983–2009The most successful Dakar car: Mitsubishi’s Pajero took twelve overall wins between 1985 and 2007, including seven in a row from 2001 to 2007, the record for any manufacturer.
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries / Mitsubishi Motors Japan
Pajero, Montero and Shogun
1983–2019The British Pajero: sold as the Shogun from 1983 because of the name’s meaning in Spanish, and as the Shogun Sport from 1998; the Shogun was the Land Rover Discovery’s main rival in Britain for twenty years.
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries / Mitsubishi Motors Japan
Pajero, Montero and Shogun
1983–2021The Pajero as the Montero: the name used in Spain, the United States and Latin America, where the second and third generations sold as a family and expedition 4x4 until North American sales ended in 2006.
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries / Mitsubishi Motors Japan
Pajero, Montero and Shogun
1991–2003The Korean Pajero: Hyundai Precision built the first-generation Pajero under licence as the Galloper from 1991 to 2003, with Hyundai engines and its own facelifts, sold in Korea and exported to Europe.
Hyundai Precision & Industry, Ulsan South Korea
Triton and L200
2015The badged Tritons: the Fiat Fullback of 2015–19 for Europe and the Ram 1200 for the Middle East, both Mitsubishi L200s built at Laem Chabang with different grilles and trim.
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries / Mitsubishi Motors, Mitsubishi Motors (Thailand), Laem Chabang Thailand, Japan
Triton and L200
1990The working L200: pick-ups with aid agencies, UN missions, police forces and armies across Africa, Asia and Latin America, often with a hard top or a weapons mount, the Hilux’s main rival in that trade.
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries / Mitsubishi Motors Japan
Fuso Canter
1986The seven-seat crew cab version of the FG 4×4, the one most expedition builders start from.
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries / Mitsubishi Motors, Mitsubishi Fuso Truck and Bus Corporation Japan
Fuso Canter
1997The Japanese Guts, whose all-wheel drive changed in October 1997 from on-demand with a crawler gear to a permanent system.
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries / Mitsubishi Motors, Mitsubishi Fuso Truck and Bus Corporation Japan
C8
1939–40The first Quads: only 200 built in 1939 and very early 1940, delivered from October 1939.
Morris Commercial Cars, Adderley Park United Kingdom
C8
1940–41About 4,000 built in 1940 and early 1941 — the Quad of the Western Desert.
Morris Commercial Cars, Adderley Park United Kingdom
C8
1941–45About 6,000 built between 1941 and 1945, with four-wheel drive that could be switched in and out.
Morris Commercial Cars, Adderley Park United Kingdom
C8
1940–45The general service body on the C8 chassis: an open-backed load carrier rather than the enclosed gun tractor.
Morris Commercial Cars, Adderley Park United Kingdom
C8
1941–45The long-wheelbase C9B: a self-propelled mounting for the 40 mm Bofors gun on C8 running gear.
Morris Commercial Cars, Adderley Park United Kingdom
CDSW
1938–45The modified CDSWs: Bofors tractors for light anti-aircraft regiments, and crane-equipped versions for breakdown and recovery.
Morris Commercial Cars, Adderley Park United Kingdom
410 and 411
1958–61The improved saloon: the overhead-valve 1.3-litre MZMA-407 of 45 hp in place of the 1.2-litre flathead, and a four-speed gearbox from 1960.
MZMA, Moscow Russia
410 and 411
1960–61A three-door wagon that got no further than a prototype.
MZMA, Moscow Russia
410 and 411
1957–61The job the vehicle was built for: transport for agricultural repair teams, reaching collective farms over roads that were not roads.
MZMA, Moscow Russia
Duro
1994–2003The first Duro, built by Bucher-Guyer at Niederweningen after the Swiss Armed Forces ordered 3,000 in 1994.
Bucher-Guyer AG, Niederweningen Switzerland
Duro
2003The Swiss Army’s Duro III with the Cummins ISB5-9 of 275 hp.
Mowag, Kreuzlingen Switzerland
Duro
2003The armoured 6×6 Duro, with ballistic protection and a remote-controlled weapon station. The Eagle V is built on this chassis.
Mowag, Kreuzlingen Switzerland
Duro
2004The German Yak: a Duro with added ballistic and mine protection, built by Rheinmetall MAN Military Vehicles.
Rheinmetall MAN Military Vehicles Germany
Eagle
1993–2003The first Eagle: a 4.5-tonne armoured reconnaissance vehicle on the Humvee chassis with a Detroit Diesel V8.
Mowag, Kreuzlingen Switzerland
Eagle
1995–2003The artillery observer’s Eagle, on the Humvee ECV chassis.
Mowag, Kreuzlingen Switzerland
Eagle
2010The current Eagle: on the Duro IIIP in 4×4 and 6×6, from 7.0 and 7.7 tonnes, with Cummins sixes of 240–285 hp and 285–360 hp. Germany has ordered 3,721 Eagles, mostly IV and V.
Mowag, Kreuzlingen Switzerland
Piranha
1972The first Piranha: the IB 6×6 prototype of 1972, from which every later generation and licensed derivative descends.
Mowag, Kreuzlingen Switzerland
Piranha
2010The fifth generation, 25–30 tonnes: 309 for Denmark, 227 or more for Romania and 348 or more ordered by Spain.
Mowag, Kreuzlingen Switzerland
Piranha
1982The licensed Piranha in North America: the LAV family built in Canada, from which the American LAV-25 and the Canadian Bison come.
General Dynamics Land Systems – Canada, London, Ontario Canada
Piranha
2002The US Army’s eight-wheeled armoured vehicle, developed from the Piranha III and counted in Mowag’s 12,000-plus total.
General Dynamics Land Systems – Canada, London, Ontario United States, Canada
Piranha
1995–2021The Australian Light Armoured Vehicle, a Piranha derivative taken through the Canadian LAV line.
General Dynamics Land Systems – Canada, London, Ontario Australia, Canada
Piranha
1981–90Mowag’s wheeled infantry fighting vehicle of the 1980s, developed alongside the tracked Tornado.
Mowag, Kreuzlingen Switzerland
Eagle
2022Mowag’s airborne light tactical 4×4, the newest vehicle in the range.
Mowag, Kreuzlingen Switzerland
T1
1951–60More than 1,600 T1 troop carriers for the Swiss Army — the contract that established Mowag.
Mowag, Kreuzlingen Switzerland
MR 8
1959–70About 750 MR 8 armoured cars for the West German federal border guard from 1959 — Mowag’s first large export order.
Mowag, Kreuzlingen Germany, Switzerland
Patrol and Safari
1980–2007The Japanese Patrol: sold as the Nissan Safari through Nissan Prince stores from 1980, in 160, Y60 and Y61 forms, until Japanese sales ended in 2007.
Nissan, Yokohama Japan
Patrol and Safari
1988–94The Patrol with a Ford badge: the Australian Ford Maverick of 1988–94, a Y60 Patrol built under the Ford–Nissan badge-sharing agreement, in wagon, hard-top and cab-chassis forms; Ford Australia had no four-wheel…
Nissan Motor Co. (Australia), Clayton, Nissan, Yokohama Australia, Japan
Patrol and Safari
1997–2024The aid and military Patrol: Y61 wagons and cab-chassis in UN white with agency markings, and in the armies, police and border forces of the Gulf, Africa and Asia, bought long after the Y62 replaced the Y61 in showrooms.
Nissan, Yokohama Japan
Patrol and Safari
1997The Gulf Patrol: the Y61 and Y62 as the desert-driving vehicle of the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and Qatar — dune bashing, camel farms and police fleets — where the Patrol outsells every other large…
Nissan, Yokohama Japan
Navara, Hardbody and Frontier
1997–2008The long-lived Navara: the D22 of 1997, built in Japan, Spain, Thailand, Mexico and South Africa with the 2.5 turbo-diesel and the 3.3 V6, sold as the Navara, Frontier and Hardbody and kept in production in several…
Nissan, Yokohama Japan
Navara, Hardbody and Frontier
2004–15The big Navara: the D40 of 2004, a mid-size pick-up on a fully boxed ladder frame with the 2.5 dCi and the 4.0-litre VQ40 V6, built in Spain for Europe and in Thailand and North America as the Frontier; the first…
Nissan, Yokohama Japan
Navara, Hardbody and Frontier
2014The current Navara: the NP300 (D23) of 2014 with four-cylinder diesels and, on some versions, a coil-sprung rear axle, built in Thailand, Argentina, Mexico and Spain; its chassis carried the Mercedes-Benz X-Class of…
Nissan, Yokohama Japan
Terrano, Pathfinder and Xterra
1993–2006The Spanish Terrano: the Terrano II built by Nissan Motor Ibérica at Barcelona from 1993, sold as the Ford Maverick in Europe in 1993–98 under the Ford–Nissan agreement, with the 2.7 TD and 2.4 petrol and three- and…
Nissan, Yokohama, Nissan Motor Ibérica, Barcelona Spain, Japan
Terrano, Pathfinder and Xterra
1995–2004The American Terrano: the Pathfinder R50 of 1995 with a unibody built around a frame, the 3.3 and 3.5-litre V6s and a two-speed transfer case, sold in North America, Europe and Australia; the last Pathfinder before…
Nissan, Yokohama Japan
Terrano, Pathfinder and Xterra
2005–15The off-road Xterra: the PRO-4X (Off-Road before 2008) with Bilstein dampers, a locking rear differential, skid plates and hill-descent control, the most capable American Nissan of its day.
Nissan, Yokohama, Nissan North America, Smyrna, Tennessee United States, Japan
M-ATV and JLTV
2009The base M-ATV of the US Army and Marines: the M1240 with the manned OGPK turret and the M1240A1 with the underbody improvement kit fitted from 2011 against larger mines; the M1277 carries the M153 CROWS remote…
Oshkosh Defense, Oshkosh, Wisconsin United States
M-ATV and JLTV
2010The special-operations M-ATV: the M1245 and M1245A1 for US Special Operations Command with extra communications and the underbody kit; 250 of the Army’s 5,651 M-ATVs are held for SOCOM.
Oshkosh Defense, Oshkosh, Wisconsin United States
M-ATV and JLTV
2011–14The largest export M-ATV fleet: 55 for the United Arab Emirates by foreign military sale in 2011, 750 by direct sale in July 2012 and 44 more in September 2014.
Oshkosh Defense, Oshkosh, Wisconsin United States
M-ATV and JLTV
2014The long M-ATV: the extended-wheelbase assault, engineer and command versions announced in 2014 with up to eleven seats and about 16 tonnes, of which Saudi Arabia took about 450 M-ATVs including the extended type.
Oshkosh Defense, Oshkosh, Wisconsin United States
M-ATV and JLTV
2015The six-wheeled M-ATV: a technology demonstrator unveiled in October 2015 at 19 tonnes with a 5.4-tonne payload and room for three crew and eight to twelve troops.
Oshkosh Defense, Oshkosh, Wisconsin United States
M-ATV and JLTV
2016–25The four-door JLTV with a turret ring for the .50 calibre, Mk 19 or CROWS, the infantry’s replacement for the armoured Humvee.
Oshkosh Defense, Oshkosh, Wisconsin United States
M-ATV and JLTV
2016–25The two-door JLTV with a 2.3-tonne cargo bed: the utility vehicle, shelter carrier and prime mover of the family.
Oshkosh Defense, Oshkosh, Wisconsin United States
M-ATV and JLTV
2016–25The four-door general-purpose JLTV with a 1.6-tonne payload and the M1281 with the TOW missile launcher.
Oshkosh Defense, Oshkosh, Wisconsin United States
M-ATV and JLTV
2021–26The first export JLTV: 500 for the Lithuanian Land Forces, the first delivered in August 2021 and the last in February 2026, with Lithuanian-fitted weapons stations.
Oshkosh Defense, Oshkosh, Wisconsin United States
MTVR and FMTV
1999The standard MTVR: the 184-inch-wheelbase 7-ton cargo truck (MK25 with winch), the bulk of the 11,359 built, with the armoured cab and MAS armour from 2005 and the MK23A1 rebuild.
Oshkosh Defense, Oshkosh, Wisconsin United States
MTVR and FMTV
2001The recovery MTVR: the MK36 wrecker with a Miller crane and winches for recovering the Marines’ trucks and LAVs.
Oshkosh Defense, Oshkosh, Wisconsin United States
MTVR and FMTV
2003The British MTVR: 357 bought from 2003 for the Royal Marines and the Army’s support units as the Medium Tactical Vehicle Replacement, with armoured cabs for Afghanistan.
Oshkosh Defense, Oshkosh, Wisconsin United States
MTVR and FMTV
2010The 2.5-ton cargo truck of the FMTV family as built by Oshkosh from 2010 under the A1P2 and A2 contracts, the most numerous light truck of the US Army after the Humvee.
Oshkosh Defense, Oshkosh, Wisconsin United States
MTVR and FMTV
2010The five-ton cargo truck of the FMTV family as built by Oshkosh from 2010: the M1083 standard, the M1084 with a material-handling crane and the M1085 long-wheelbase.
Oshkosh Defense, Oshkosh, Wisconsin United States
M-ATV and JLTV
2023The Humvee maker takes the Humvee’s replacement: AM General won the JLTV A2 rebuy in February 2023 with a contract worth more than $8.66 billion, building Oshkosh’s design at Mishawaka with a new Duramax engine and a…
AM General United States
P4
1985–2015The Panhard P4s: assembly moved to Panhard at Marolles-en-Hurepoix in 1985, where about 6,000 of the 13,500 were built, and Panhard refurbished the fleet in the 2000s with new engines and equipment to keep it in service.
Panhard, Marolles-en-Hurepoix France
P4
1990–2015The special P4s: the P4 VPS for French special forces, stripped and air-portable, and the armoured P4P with mine protection, both developed from the standard vehicle.
Peugeot, Sochaux France
Dangel 4x4 conversions
1980–90The overland 504: Dangel 4x4 pick-ups and breaks in French west and central Africa, with aid agencies, mission stations, geologists and the overland travellers of the 1980s, chosen for the 504’s reputation for…
Peugeot, Sochaux France
Dangel 4x4 conversions
1986–95The official 505: Dangel breaks with EDF and GDF, the forestry and water services, mountain gendarmerie and rural doctors — most of the 5,500 went to fleets rather than private buyers.
Peugeot, Sochaux France
SandCat
2004–06The SandCat's first name: the original prototype was the Caracal, and the SandCat name had replaced it by Eurosatory in 2006.
Plasan, Kibbutz Sasa Israel
SandCat
2008The eight-seat station wagon Sweden took in small numbers in 2008 for police and SWAT work.
Plasan, Kibbutz Sasa Israel
SandCat
2011–12The Mexican SandCat: 249 to 250 Tactical Protector Vehicles delivered in 2011–12 through Oshkosh and Blindajes Epal.
Plasan, Kibbutz Sasa Israel
SandCat
2015Fourteen SandCats for the Polish Military Police in 2015, named Szop.
Plasan, Kibbutz Sasa Israel
SandCat
2013The missile carrier: South Korea took the first in 2013 with Spike NLOS, and Greece ordered 51 with deliveries starting in August 2025.
Plasan, Kibbutz Sasa Israel
SandCat
2022The IDF's EX11: a Ford F550 stripped to the chassis and given Plasan's armoured capsule, carrying up to eleven soldiers, or two stretchers and medics as an ambulance, on the 330 bhp 6.7-litre V8.
Plasan, Kibbutz Sasa Israel
SandCat
2023Eighteen SandCats for London's Metropolitan Police.
Plasan, Kibbutz Sasa Israel
WC series and M37
1951–68The Korean War Dodge: the M37 ¾-ton 4x4 of 1951, the WC’s successor with a 230 six of 78 hp, about 115,000 built to 1968 including 47,600 of the improved M37B1 from 1958 and about 4,500 Canadian M37CDN in 1951–55…
Dodge (Chrysler), Warren, Michigan United States
Power Wagon, W-series and Ramcharger
1976–78The militarised pick-up: the M880 series of 1976–78, W200 Power Wagons in military trim with 24-volt electrics and blackout lighting bought as a cheap interim ¾-ton truck between the M37 and the CUCV, in cargo…
Dodge (Chrysler), Warren, Michigan United States
Power Wagon, W-series and Ramcharger
1954–66The wagon Power Wagon: the Town Wagon panel-bodied carryall on the W100 chassis, Dodge’s answer to the Suburban and the Travelall, sold to families, fire brigades and utilities.
Dodge (Chrysler), Warren, Michigan United States
Power Wagon, W-series and Ramcharger
1963–93The working crew cab: the four-door W200 and one-ton W300 of the utilities, forestry services, fire brigades and oil companies, from the Sweptline of 1963 through the 1972 trucks to the Ram W350 of the 1980s.
Dodge (Chrysler), Warren, Michigan United States
Power Wagon, W-series and Ramcharger
1974–81Plymouth’s only sport-utility: the Trail Duster of 1974–81, a Ramcharger with Plymouth badges and trim, sold through Plymouth dealers with the same removable top and V8s.
Dodge (Chrysler), Warren, Michigan United States
Ram 4x4
2005The name revived: the Power Wagon of 2005 on the Ram 2500, with front and rear electronic locking differentials, a disconnecting front anti-roll bar, a 12,000 lb Warn winch, 33-inch tyres and a lifted suspension —…
Dodge (Chrysler), Warren, Michigan United States
Ram 4x4
2015The off-road half-ton: the Rebel of 2015 with a one-inch lift, Bilstein dampers, 33-inch tyres, a locking rear differential and (with the air suspension) extra ground clearance, the volume off-road Ram.
Dodge (Chrysler), Warren, Michigan United States
Ram 4x4
2021–24The Hellcat truck: the TRX of 2021–24 with the 702 hp supercharged 6.2-litre Hemi, Bilstein Black Hawk adaptive dampers, 13 inches of front wheel travel and 35-inch tyres, built against the Ford Raptor; the Final…
Dodge (Chrysler), Warren, Michigan United States
Ram 4x4
1989The diesel Ram: the Cummins 5.9-litre turbo-diesel six offered in the four-wheel-drive W250 and W350 from 1989 and in every heavy-duty Ram since (6.7 litres from 2007), the engine that made Dodge a towing brand.
Dodge (Chrysler), Warren, Michigan United States
Power Wagon, W-series and Ramcharger
1994–2001The Mexican Ramcharger: Chrysler de México continued the second generation after North American production ended in 1993, and built a third version in 1999–2001 on the Ram chassis for the Mexican market alone.
Chrysler de México Mexico
RB44
1992–2010The standard body: a drop-side cargo bed with bench seats for twelve, 2.5 tonnes of payload and 2.5 tonnes of towing.
Reynolds Boughton United Kingdom
RB44
1992–2010‘RB44, Truck, 2.5 ton, Fire Fighting’: a small batch for the Defence Fire Service, several of which have since turned up in civilian hands.
Reynolds Boughton United Kingdom
RB44
1990–95The modification programme: £940,000 of mandated changes before design acceptance in May 1990, withdrawal from June to November 1992, full withdrawal in December 1993 after 37 of 57 vehicles pulled left braking at 35…
Reynolds Boughton United Kingdom
Crash tenders
1975–90The only municipal Pursuer: a road-going crash tender at Crawley Fire Station, bought by West Sussex for road accidents rather than aircraft.
Reynolds Boughton United Kingdom
Crash tenders
1976–85Oman and Saudi Arabia took Pursuers; Australia’s Department of Air Transport ordered six and cancelled, and the two British airfield vehicles were themselves cancelled export orders.
Reynolds Boughton United Kingdom
Crash tenders
1971–80The 37-ton airfield crash tender the Pursuer was scaled down from. Manchester International Airport’s 1971 Pathfinder put out an aircraft fire in 1983 and is now in the Yorkshire Air Museum.
Chubb Fire, Chubb Fire United Kingdom
Crash tenders
1990A heavy airfield rescue and fire-fighting vehicle carrying the Reynolds Boughton name, photographed in Polish service. Its specifications are not published in the sources the registry holds.
Reynolds Boughton United Kingdom
20
1980–98The second SAMIL 20: the air-cooled Deutz replaced by the water-cooled ADE 352N, a licence-built Mercedes-Benz OM 352 of 5,675 cc and 96 kW made by Atlantis Diesel Engines, with more South African components.
Truckmakers, Rosslyn, Pretoria, Magirus-Deutz, Ulm South Africa, Germany
20
The SAMIL 20 cargo truck with the Kwêvoël armoured, mine-protected cab in place of the soft-top cab and the standard cargo body behind it.
Truckmakers, Rosslyn, Pretoria, Magirus-Deutz, Ulm South Africa, Germany
20
1982A mine-protected personnel carrier on the SAMIL 20 chassis, laid out like the Buffel but with its armoured driver's cab on the right: 7.58 tonnes, 5.34 m long, a driver and ten men. It was adopted by the South…
Truckmakers, Rosslyn, Pretoria, Armscor, Pretoria South Africa
20
1983A fully enclosed, mine-protected personnel carrier built by Armscor on unmodified SAMIL 20 Mk I running gear for South African Air Force base defence: a V-shaped monocoque hull, 5.7 m long, 7,700 kg gross, a driver…
Truckmakers, Rosslyn, Pretoria, Armscor, Pretoria South Africa
20
1984–91A self-propelled anti-aircraft gun: a single 20 mm GAI-C01 cannon on a weapons deck in place of the Bulldog's troop compartment, on the mine-protected SAMIL 20 with its Deutz F6L 913 of 124 hp. About 70 were built…
Truckmakers, Rosslyn, Pretoria, Armscor, Pretoria South Africa
20
The SAMIL 20 with a box ambulance body, one of the variants Jane's listed in 1985 and still in South African Military Health Service use in 2017.
Truckmakers, Rosslyn, Pretoria, Magirus-Deutz, Ulm South Africa, Germany
20
The light mobile workshop on the SAMIL 20: a box body equipped for general repairs and vehicle servicing in the field.
Truckmakers, Rosslyn, Pretoria, Magirus-Deutz, Ulm South Africa, Germany
20
The 24-tube 127 mm Valkiri rocket launcher, which Jane's in 1985 and Military-Today list among the SAMIL 20's versions.
Truckmakers, Rosslyn, Pretoria, Armscor, Pretoria South Africa
50
1980–98The second SAMIL 50: an enlarged bonnet over the water-cooled ADE 409N, a 9.5-litre five-cylinder diesel, a strengthened front axle and more South African components.
Truckmakers, Rosslyn, Pretoria, Magirus-Deutz, Ulm South Africa, Germany
50
1980sThe SAMIL 50 with the Kwêvoël armoured, mine-protected cab: the protected cargo truck of the Border War convoys, also built as a flatbed.
Truckmakers, Rosslyn, Pretoria, Magirus-Deutz, Ulm South Africa, Germany
50
The SAMIL 50 recovery truck, the medium breakdown vehicle of the range, able to lift and tow a SAMIL 20.
Truckmakers, Rosslyn, Pretoria, Magirus-Deutz, Ulm South Africa, Germany
50
The SAMIL 50 with a water tank body: the water bowser of the range's medium class.
Truckmakers, Rosslyn, Pretoria, Magirus-Deutz, Ulm South Africa, Germany
50
The SAMIL 50 with a fuel tank body, the medium fuel bowser of the range.
Truckmakers, Rosslyn, Pretoria, Magirus-Deutz, Ulm South Africa, Germany
50
A refrigerated box body on the SAMIL 50 for carrying fresh food to units in the field.
Truckmakers, Rosslyn, Pretoria, Magirus-Deutz, Ulm South Africa, Germany
50
1980–90The SADF's armoured ambulance of the Border War: an armoured monocoque hull built around mainly SAMIL 50 running gear, with room for four stretchers, a guard and four or five seated patients or staff.
Truckmakers, Rosslyn, Pretoria South Africa
100
The second SAMIL 100, with a locally produced V10 diesel in place of the air-cooled Deutz and more South African components.
Truckmakers, Rosslyn, Pretoria, Magirus-Deutz, Ulm South Africa, Germany
100
1980sThe SAMIL 100 with the Kwêvoël armoured, mine-protected cab and V-shaped belly: the protected heavy cargo truck and the base of the Bateleur and the Bosvark.
Truckmakers, Rosslyn, Pretoria, Magirus-Deutz, Ulm South Africa, Germany
100
1980sThe tractor of the 155 mm G5 gun-howitzer: a SAMIL 100 with a cabin for the gun's crew of eight, fifteen 189 kg projectile pallets and a hydraulic crane at the rear to handle them.
Truckmakers, Rosslyn, Pretoria, Magirus-Deutz, Ulm South Africa, Germany
100
The heavy recovery truck of the range, built with the standard cab or the Kwêvoël mine-protected cab.
Truckmakers, Rosslyn, Pretoria, Magirus-Deutz, Ulm South Africa, Germany
100
The heavy tipper on the SAMIL 100 6×6, used by the army's engineers.
Truckmakers, Rosslyn, Pretoria, Magirus-Deutz, Ulm South Africa, Germany
100
The heavy fuel bowser of the range, built with the standard cab or the Kwêvoël mine-protected cab.
Truckmakers, Rosslyn, Pretoria, Magirus-Deutz, Ulm South Africa, Germany
100
The SAMIL 100 with a large water tank, the heavy water bowser of the range.
Truckmakers, Rosslyn, Pretoria, Magirus-Deutz, Ulm South Africa, Germany
100
1990sThe South African Artillery's multiple rocket launcher: 40 tubes for the 127 mm rocket on a mine-protected Kwêvoël 100, 8.53 m long and 21.5 t gross, with a range of 7.5 to 36 km. It was first called the Valkiri Mk II.
Truckmakers, Rosslyn, Pretoria, Denel, Centurion South Africa
100
1991A self-propelled anti-aircraft gun: a twin 23 mm ZU-23-2 (GA-6 in SANDF service) on the rear deck of a SAMIL 100 Kwêvoël, with outriggers for firing. 36 were built from the end of 1991.
Truckmakers, Rosslyn, Pretoria, Armscor, Pretoria South Africa
100
A SAMIL 100 horse transporter with the Kwêvoël mine-protected cab and armour carried along the whole underside, for the SADF's mounted units.
Truckmakers, Rosslyn, Pretoria, Magirus-Deutz, Ulm South Africa, Germany
100
A 6×4 version of the SAMIL 100 for rear areas, with the front axle undriven; some went to commercial and police users.
Truckmakers, Rosslyn, Pretoria, Magirus-Deutz, Ulm South Africa, Germany
Ark
2019The cargo Ark: a flat load deck behind the cab, rated at 7,500 lb.
SHERP, Kyiv Ukraine
Pro
2021The smaller of the two ARGO-badged Pro models, sold in North America from the 2021 model year: fully amphibious, climbing 35-degree slopes, carrying up to nine people.
SHERP, Kyiv, ARGO, Ontario Ukraine, Canada
ATV
2014–22The Russian-built SHERPs: Sherp LLC was set up at Saint Petersburg in 2014 and serial production began there in 2015. The Ukrainian company terminated the licence in March 2022.
Sherp LLC, Saint Petersburg Russia
973 Babeta
1952–60Every Babeta went to the Czechoslovak army; none was sold to the public.
Škoda, Mladá Boleslav Czech Republic
Haflinger
1959–74The Bundesheer’s mountain vehicle: the Haflinger bought from 1959 as a cross-country carrier for infantry, radio sets and the 106 mm recoilless rifle, most of the 7,000 military Haflingers; retired in the 1990s.
Magna Steyr (Steyr-Daimler-Puch), Graz Austria
Haflinger
1961–74The Swiss Army’s Haflinger: bought in the 1960s as a light mountain vehicle for infantry and fortress troops, one of the three armies (with Austria and Australia) that took the 7,000 military cars.
Magna Steyr (Steyr-Daimler-Puch), Graz Austria
Haflinger
1966–74The Australian Haflinger: about 800 assembled and sold in Australia from 1966 by the importer, and 46 bought by the Australian Army in 1966 for evaluation and Pacific Islands Regiment use.
Magna Steyr (Steyr-Daimler-Puch), Graz Austria
Haflinger
1960–74The enclosed Haflinger: the Polycab fibreglass cab and body offered for civilian and utility buyers who wanted weather protection on the open chassis.
Magna Steyr (Steyr-Daimler-Puch), Graz Austria
Pinzgauer 4x4 and 6x6
1972–2000The Swiss Army’s Pinzgauer: about 3,500 710 and 712 (and later 716/718) as troop carriers, radio and command vehicles and ambulances from 1972, the largest single user, with many sold to civilians after service.
Magna Steyr (Steyr-Daimler-Puch), Graz Austria
Pinzgauer 4x4 and 6x6
1971The Bundesheer’s Pinzgauer: the 710 and 712 from 1971 and the 716/718 from 1986 as its standard light truck, ambulance and command vehicle, still in service.
Magna Steyr (Steyr-Daimler-Puch), Graz Austria
Pinzgauer 4x4 and 6x6
1994–2020The British Army’s Pinzgauer: 716 and 718 from the 1990s and Guildford-built Pinzgauer IIs from 2000 as the 105 mm Light Gun tractor, ambulance, command and Royal Marines vehicle, in Bosnia, Kosovo, Iraq and…
Magna Steyr (Steyr-Daimler-Puch), Graz Austria
Pinzgauer 4x4 and 6x6
2007–09The armoured Pinzgauer: BAE Systems’ Vector protected patrol vehicle of 2007, a 6x6 Pinzgauer II with an armoured cab and crew compartment for the British Army in Afghanistan, withdrawn in 2009 after mine and IED…
Automotive Technik / BAE Systems Land Systems, Guildford United Kingdom
Two-axle
1978–83The Ford-engined 4x4: the 3-litre V6 of the Ford Granada with Ford's C3 three-speed automatic gearbox.
Stonefield Vehicles United Kingdom
Two-axle
1978–83The Chrysler-engined 4x4: the 5.2-litre 318 V8 with Chrysler's TorqueFlite three-speed automatic.
Stonefield Vehicles United Kingdom
Three-axle
1978–83The six-wheeler with the Ford 3-litre V6 and C3 automatic.
Stonefield Vehicles United Kingdom
Three-axle
1978–83The six-wheeler with the Chrysler 318 V8 and TorqueFlite: the combination of most surviving fire tenders and the 3-tonne load carrier.
Stonefield Vehicles United Kingdom
Two-axle
1978–80The military 4x4 with the waist-level half cab, evaluated by the Military Vehicles and Engineering Establishment as a tractor for the 105 mm Light Gun and endorsed by the Ministry of Defence sales organisation on 22…
Stonefield Vehicles United Kingdom
Two-axle
1978A V6-engined Stonefield 4x4 delivered in 1978 to the Department of the Environment's Building Research Establishment and fitted with a Drillmaster 18 hydraulic rotary drill for experiments on foundations.
Stonefield Vehicles United Kingdom
Three-axle
1979A P5000 6x4 fitted out as an airfield crash tender by Carmichael of Worcester for the Highlands and Islands, registered CYT 673V and stationed at Barra, where aircraft land on the Traigh Mhor beach. It is preserved…
Carmichael & Sons, Stonefield Vehicles United Kingdom
Two-axle
1981The 4x4 as built after Gomba Holdings bought the business from the receiver in March 1981, at Cumnock until October 1983 and then at Strood, Kent.
Gomba-Stonefield United Kingdom
Three-axle
1981The six-wheeler under Gomba ownership from 1981, with the Chrysler V8 and TorqueFlite automatic.
Gomba-Stonefield United Kingdom
HMT
2009Four crew instead of three, an upgraded chassis and a 6.7-litre engine. 140 Jackal 2As were ordered in June 2010, taking the British total to 500.
Supacat, Honiton United Kingdom
HMT
2023Seventy ordered in February 2023 and introduced in the summer of 2024, on the HMT Extenda Mk3 and convertible between 4×4 and 6×6.
Supacat, Honiton United Kingdom
HMT
2008The 6×6 of the family, 10,500 kg, for the support roles the four-wheel-drive Jackal cannot carry.
Supacat, Honiton United Kingdom
HMT
2004Australia's 2nd Commando Regiment ordered 89 HMT Extenda Mk2s in 2014.
Supacat, Honiton United Kingdom
LJ, SJ and Jimny
1977–81The first export Jimny: the 797 cc four-stroke LJ80, sold in Europe, Australia and New Zealand as the LJ80 and the LJ81 pick-up, marketed in Australia as the Stockman.
Suzuki, Kosai, Shizuoka Japan
LJ, SJ and Jimny
1985–95The American SJ: the Samurai, launched in 1985 and selling 47,000 in its first year, the cheapest new 4x4 in the United States; a 1988 Consumer Reports rollover test and the lawsuit that followed cut its sales, and…
Suzuki, Kosai, Shizuoka Japan
LJ, SJ and Jimny
1982–98The Australian SJ: sold as the Sierra in soft-top, hard-top and long-wheelbase Stockman forms for farms and the bush, the name Suzuki still uses for the 1.5-litre Jimny there.
Suzuki, Kosai, Shizuoka Japan
LJ, SJ and Jimny
1985–2009The Spanish Suzuki: Santana Motor at Linares built the SJ410, SJ413 and Samurai under licence from 1985, and continued long after Japanese production ended — including the 2000s Samurai with the 1.9 diesel — until…
Santana Motor (Metalúrgica de Santa Ana) Spain
LJ, SJ and Jimny
1985–2019India’s SJ: the Maruti Gypsy, built at Gurgaon from 1985 on the long-wheelbase SJ410 and later the 1.3-litre G13BB, the Indian Army’s and police forces’ light vehicle and a rally winner, in production for thirty-four…
Suzuki, Kosai, Shizuoka, Maruti Suzuki, Gurgaon India, Japan
LJ, SJ and Jimny
2018The Japanese Jimny: the JB64 kei version with the 658 cc R06A turbo, within the kei tax class in width and length, the version most Japanese buyers wait a year for.
Suzuki, Kosai, Shizuoka Japan
LJ, SJ and Jimny
2023The long Jimny: the five-door of 2023, built by Maruti Suzuki in India on a 2,590 mm wheelbase with the 1.5-litre K15B, sold in India, Australia, Africa and Latin America — the first five-door Jimny in the model’s…
Suzuki, Kosai, Shizuoka, Maruti Suzuki, Gurgaon India, Japan
Escudo, Vitara and Grand Vitara
1989–98The North American Escudo: the Suzuki Sidekick and its Geo (later Chevrolet) Tracker twin, built by CAMI at Ingersoll, Ontario from 1989 with the 1.6 four, in convertible, hard-top and five-door forms — the small 4x4…
CAMI Automotive (GM–Suzuki), Ingersoll, Suzuki, Kosai, Shizuoka Canada, Japan
Escudo, Vitara and Grand Vitara
2001–06The seven-seat Suzuki: the XL-7 of 2001, a stretched ladder-frame Grand Vitara with a 2.7-litre V6 and three rows, Suzuki’s largest four-wheel drive of the period.
Suzuki, Kosai, Shizuoka Japan
Land Cruiser 20 Series
1951–55Toyota’s first four-wheel drive: the 1951 Jeep BJ, a Type B 3.4-litre six on a truck chassis with part-time four-wheel drive and no low range, built for the National Police Reserve tender and renamed Land Cruiser in…
Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Auto Body (Arakawa Auto Body / Araco) Japan
Land Cruiser 20 Series
1958–68The first Toyota built outside Japan: the 20 Series assembled at São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil from 1958 as the Bandeirante, with a Mercedes-Benz OM-324 diesel from 1962, until the 40-based Bandeirante replaced it in…
Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota do Brasil Brazil, Japan
Land Cruiser 40 Series
1974–84The diesel short-wheelbase 40: the BJ40 of 1974 with the 3.0-litre B four and the BJ42 of 1980 with the 3.4-litre 3B, sold in Europe, Australia, Africa and Latin America where diesel mattered and the FJ40 was not.
Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Auto Body (Arakawa Auto Body / Araco) Japan
Land Cruiser 40 Series
1963–84The 2,430 mm medium-wheelbase 40 Series: the FJ43 (and diesel BJ43) hard top and soft top, built from 1963 mostly for Latin America and the Middle East, never sold in Japan or North America.
Toyota Motor Corporation, SOFASA Japan, Colombia
Land Cruiser 40 Series
1967–84The long-wheelbase 40 hard top: the FJ45V of 1967 and the diesel HJ45 and HJ47 (1980–84) Troop Carriers with side-facing rear benches for up to 13, the Australian outback’s standard vehicle.
Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Auto Body (Arakawa Auto Body / Araco) Japan
Land Cruiser 40 Series
1968–2001The Brazilian 40 Series: the Bandeirante OJ50, BJ50 and BJ55 built at São Bernardo do Campo from 1968 to 2001 with Mercedes-Benz OM-324 and later OM-364 diesels, the last 40-bodied Land Cruiser in production.
Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota do Brasil Brazil, Japan
Land Cruiser 55 Series
1974–80The diesel 55 Series wagon: the HJ55 with the 3.6-litre H six, sold in Australia and a few other markets from 1974 to 1980 in small numbers beside the petrol FJ55.
Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Auto Body (Arakawa Auto Body / Araco) Japan
Land Cruiser 60 Series
1988–90The last North American 60: the FJ62 of 1988–90 with square headlamps, the 4.0-litre 3F-E fuel-injected six and a four-speed automatic, the first automatic Land Cruiser wagon sold in the United States.
Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Auto Body (Arakawa Auto Body / Araco) Japan
Land Cruiser 60 Series
1985–90The turbo-diesel 60: the HJ61 with the 4.0-litre 12H-T direct-injection turbo six, 136 hp, sold in Japan (as the VX) and Australia from 1985 to 1990 as the top of the 60 range.
Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Auto Body (Arakawa Auto Body / Araco) Japan
Land Cruiser 60 Series
1985–90The first Australian Sahara: the top-trim HJ60 (and FJ62) of 1985–90 with air conditioning, power steering, velour seats, alloy wheels and a two-tone scheme — the trim name Toyota Australia has used on every Land…
Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Auto Body (Arakawa Auto Body / Araco) Japan
Land Cruiser 70 Series
1985–90The light-duty 70: the short-wheelbase LJ70 and RJ70 of 1985–90 with coil springs, a 2.4-litre 2L-T turbo-diesel or 22R petrol, sold in Australia as the Bundera and in Japan as the Land Cruiser II — the origin of the…
Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Auto Body (Arakawa Auto Body / Araco) Japan
Land Cruiser 70 Series
1990–96The first Prado: the 1990–96 light-duty 70 (LJ78 and KZJ78) as a three- and five-door wagon with the 2.4 and 3.0-litre turbo-diesels, coil springs and a car-like interior, replaced by the independent Prado 90 in 1996.
Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Auto Body (Arakawa Auto Body / Araco) Japan
Land Cruiser 70 Series
1985–99The long-wheelbase 70 hard top of 1985–99: the HZJ75 Troop Carrier with the 1HZ 4.2-litre diesel on leaf springs, side-facing rear benches for eleven, the vehicle of Australian stations, mines and communities.
Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Auto Body (Arakawa Auto Body / Araco) Japan
Land Cruiser 70 Series
1999The coil-sprung Troop Carrier since 1999: the HZJ78 and VDJ78 with the 1HZ and, from 2007, the 4.5-litre V8 turbo-diesel, sold in Australia in Workmate and GXL grades and in white to the United Nations, aid agencies…
Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Auto Body (Arakawa Auto Body / Araco) Japan
Land Cruiser 70 Series
1999The long-wheelbase 70 pick-up since 1999: the HZJ79 and VDJ79 single cab and, from 2012, double cab with the 1HZ and V8 diesels, in Workmate, GX and GXL grades — Australia’s standard mine, station and utility truck.
Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Auto Body (Arakawa Auto Body / Araco) Japan
Land Cruiser 70 Series
1999The five-door 70 wagon since 1999: the HZJ76 and VDJ76 on a 2,730 mm wheelbase with coil front springs, the 1HZ and V8 diesels, in GXL and Workmate grades and as the UN’s standard field wagon.
Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Auto Body (Arakawa Auto Body / Araco) Japan
Land Cruiser 70 Series
2014–15The one-year return of the 70 to Japan: the GRJ76 wagon and GRJ79 double-cab with the 4.0-litre 1GR-FE petrol V6, sold from August 2014 to June 2015 for the model’s thirtieth anniversary; about 10,000 sold against a…
Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Auto Body (Arakawa Auto Body / Araco) Japan
Land Cruiser 80 Series
1990–97The top Australian 80: the Sahara with the 1FZ-FE petrol or 1HD-T/1HD-FT turbo-diesel, leather, air conditioning, alloys and factory diff locks, above the GXL and Standard grades from 1990 to 1997.
Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Auto Body (Arakawa Auto Body / Araco) Japan
Land Cruiser 80 Series
1990–97The Japanese luxury 80: the VX Limited (HDJ81 diesel, FZJ80 petrol) with leather, wood trim, air suspension option, alloys and full-time four-wheel drive with lockers, the grade above VX and GX from 1990 to 1997.
Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Auto Body (Arakawa Auto Body / Araco) Japan
Land Cruiser 80 Series
1996–97The 80 Series as a Lexus: the LX 450 of 1996–97 for the United States with the 4.5-litre 1FZ-FE, leather, wood, a Lexus grille and badges and the 80’s lockers, about 5,000 a year.
Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Auto Body (Arakawa Auto Body / Araco) Japan
Land Cruiser 80 Series
1997The 1997 Collector’s Edition for North America: the last FZJ80s in Antique Sage Pearl or black with Collector’s Edition badging, alloy wheels, a leather interior and the 40th-anniversary logo, marking forty years of…
Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Auto Body (Arakawa Auto Body / Araco) Japan
Land Cruiser Prado 90 Series
1996–2002The Japanese Prado 90 grades: the TX, TZ and RX five-door and RZ three-door with the 1KZ-TE diesel or 5VZ-FE V6, full-time four-wheel drive and a car interior, the mid-size Land Cruiser of 1996–2002.
Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Auto Body (Arakawa Auto Body / Araco) Japan
Land Cruiser Prado 90 Series
1996–2002The Australian Prado 90: the GXL and top Grande five-door with the 3.4-litre V6 and later the 3.0-litre diesel, eight seats and a rear-mounted spare, the mid-size Land Cruiser that outsold the 100 there.
Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Auto Body (Arakawa Auto Body / Araco) Japan
Land Cruiser Prado 90 Series
1996–2002The British Prado 90: sold as the Land Cruiser Colorado from 1996 to 2002 with the 3.0-litre 1KZ-TE diesel and 3.4-litre V6 in GS, GX and VX grades, three and five-door, while the 80 and 100 were the Land Cruiser Amazon.
Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Auto Body (Arakawa Auto Body / Araco) Japan
Land Cruiser 100 Series
1998–2007The 100 Series as a Lexus: the LX 470 of 1998–2007 with the 4.7-litre 2UZ-FE V8, adjustable height suspension, leather and wood, sold in North America and the Gulf, and the vehicle Toyota built the Land Cruiser…
Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Auto Body (Arakawa Auto Body / Araco) Japan
Land Cruiser 100 Series
1998–2007The top Australian 100: the Sahara with the 4.7 V8 or the 4.2-litre 1HD-FTE turbo-diesel, leather, height-adjustable suspension and full equipment on the independent-front 100 chassis, above the GXL and the…
Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Auto Body (Arakawa Auto Body / Araco) Japan
Land Cruiser 100 Series
1998–2007The solid-axle 100: the 105 Series with the 80’s coil-sprung live front axle, the 4.5-litre 1FZ-FE petrol six or 4.2-litre 1HZ diesel, in Standard and GXL grades for Australia, Africa and the Middle East where a beam…
Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Auto Body (Arakawa Auto Body / Araco) Japan
Land Cruiser 200 Series
2007–21The top Australian 200: the Sahara with the 4.5-litre twin-turbo V8 diesel (or 4.7 and 4.6 petrol V8s), leather, Kinetic Dynamic Suspension, Crawl Control and a cooled centre console, above GX, GXL and VX from 2007…
Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Auto Body (Arakawa Auto Body / Araco) Japan
Land Cruiser 200 Series
2008–21The 200 Series as a Lexus: the LX 570 of 2008–21 with the 5.7-litre 3UR-FE V8, height-adjustable suspension, a spindle grille from 2013 and eight seats, the best-selling full-size Lexus in the Gulf and North America.
Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Auto Body (Arakawa Auto Body / Araco) Japan
Land Cruiser 200 Series
2020–21The 2020–21 Heritage Edition for North America: a two-row 200 in Midnight Black or Blizzard Pearl with bronze BBS forged wheels, black trim, a heritage grille badge and the 5.7 V8, about 1,200 a year.
Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Auto Body (Arakawa Auto Body / Araco) Japan
Land Cruiser 200 Series
2012–21The Toyota Auto Body Land Cruiser 200 of the Dakar Rally’s production (T2) class: a near-standard 200 with the 4.5 V8 diesel converted to run on diesel or petrol, a roll cage and long-travel suspension within the…
Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Auto Body (Arakawa Auto Body / Araco) Japan
Hilux 4WD
1979–83The first Toyota 4x4 pick-up sold in North America: the 1979–83 Hilux 4WD (badged Toyota Pickup) in SR5 trim with the 22R, a solid front axle on leaf springs, chrome bumpers and stripes, and from 1981 the Xtracab.
Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Auto Body (Arakawa Auto Body / Araco) Japan
Hilux 4WD
1984–88The independent-front Hilux 4x4 of 1984–88: the N50 with torsion-bar IFS, the 22R-E injected four or the 3.0-litre 3VZ-E V6 from 1988, in Xtracab SR5 form with the extended cab and jump seats — the basis of the first…
Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Auto Body (Arakawa Auto Body / Araco) Japan
Hilux 4WD
2007The Icelandic conversion of the Hilux for snow and ice: the Arctic Trucks AT38 on 38-inch tyres with widened arches, re-geared axles and a raised body, which reached the magnetic north pole in 2007 and the South Pole…
Toyota Motor Corporation, Arctic Trucks Iceland, Japan
4Runner / Hilux Surf
1984–89The SR5 4Runner of 1984–89: the removable-roof two-door with the 22R-E, sport seats, a tachometer and stripes, from 1988 with the 3.0-litre V6 — the trim most first-generation 4Runners were sold as.
Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Auto Body (Arakawa Auto Body / Araco) Japan
4Runner / Hilux Surf
1986–89The Japanese first-generation 4Runner: the Hilux Surf in SSR and SSR Limited grades with the 2.4-litre 2L-T turbo-diesel or 22R-E, sold from 1984 as a two-door with the removable roof and in Japan-only diesel form.
Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota Auto Body (Arakawa Auto Body / Araco) Japan
FJ Cruiser
2008–14The off-road FJ Cruiser of 2008–14: the Trail Teams Special Edition (TT) in a single colour each year with Bilstein dampers, a rear locker and A-TRAC, black 16-inch TRD wheels, rock rails and blacked-out trim; the…
Toyota Motor Corporation, Hino Motors (Hamura plant) Japan
FJ Cruiser
2023The last FJ Cruiser: the 2023 Final Edition for the Middle East in a beige (Bronze Oxide) with a white roof, 17-inch alloys, a snorkel, roof rack and Final Edition badging, 1,000 built at Hamura.
Toyota Motor Corporation, Hino Motors (Hamura plant) Japan
Sno-Cat
1955–58The specially prepared Sno-Cats that crossed Antarctica with Vivian Fuchs between 1955 and 1958: 3,473 km in 99 days, the first land vehicles to reach the South Pole.
Tucker Sno-Cat Corporation, Medford United States
Sno-Cat
1950The smallest of the Sno-Cats, at the bottom of a range that runs 222, 322, 323, 342, 443 and the 500 series.
Tucker Sno-Cat Corporation, Medford United States
UAZ-469 / 3151 / Hunter
1971–85The Soviet Army’s 469 of 1971–85: portal reduction axles for 300 mm of ground clearance, a 24-volt option, blackout lighting and a canvas top, the standard light vehicle of the Soviet and Warsaw Pact forces and of…
Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant (UAZ) Russia
UAZ-469 / 3151 / Hunter
1973–85The civilian 469 of 1973–85: conventional axles with 220 mm of clearance, sold to collective farms, forestry, geologists and the militia and exported as the UAZ-469B to the Eastern Bloc, Africa and Latin America.
Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant (UAZ) Russia
UAZ-469 / 3151 / Hunter
1993–2003The steel-roofed 469 of 1993–2003: the 31514 with a hard top and rear door, the UMZ-417, and from 1997 the 31519 with the 2.9-litre engine — the civilian and police UAZ of the 1990s.
Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant (UAZ) Russia
UAZ-469 / 3151 / Hunter
2008–12The diesel Hunter of 2008–12 with the 2.2-litre ZMZ-5143 common-rail four, the only diesel 469 derivative UAZ has sold, dropped when the engine’s emissions certification lapsed.
Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant (UAZ) Russia
UAZ-450 / 452 Bukhanka
1965The Soviet and Russian rural ambulance since 1965: the 452A and, from 1985, the 3962 with a stretcher bay, side benches and a heater in the Bukhanka body — the “Tabletka” (tablet) of every district hospital and of…
Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant (UAZ) Russia
UAZ-450 / 452 Bukhanka
1965The Bukhanka truck: the 452D of 1965 and the 3303 since 1985, a forward-control cab with a drop-side bed (the “Golovastik”, tadpole), for farms, utilities and the army; the 39094 Farmer added a double cab.
Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant (UAZ) Russia
UAZ-450 / 452 Bukhanka
1985The Bukhanka as a bus: the 452V of 1965 and the 2206 since 1985, six to eleven seats behind the forward-control cab, the works and army minibus of the Soviet Union and the expedition van of today.
Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant (UAZ) Russia
UAZ-450 / 452 Bukhanka
1985The half-cargo Bukhanka: the 3909 combi with five seats and a cargo bay (the Farmer) and the 39625 with a second row, the variant hunters, geologists and small businesses buy.
Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant (UAZ) Russia
Patriot, Pickup and Cargo
2005–08The short-wheelbase Patriot of 2005–08: a three-door on the 3160’s 2,400 mm wheelbase with the Patriot’s body and ZMZ-409, dropped for lack of demand.
Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant (UAZ) Russia
Patriot, Pickup and Cargo
2010The Patriot in uniform: Russian Army command and liaison vehicles (1,500 ordered in 2023), Rosgvardia and police patrol cars, and the forces of Belarus, Serbia and Nicaragua, with military lighting, radios and a roof…
Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant (UAZ) Russia
Patriot, Pickup and Cargo
2008The single-cab Patriot truck since 2008: a cab-chassis with a flatbed, tipper or box body on the long frame, for utilities, the Ministry of Emergency Situations and farms.
Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant (UAZ) Russia
Cournil 4x4
1977–80The long-wheelbase Cournil as UMM first sold it, launched in Portugal in 1977 and built there from 1979 — the most common of the three versions and, from 1980, the only one.
União Metalo-Mecânica (UMM), Lisbon, Movauto, Setúbal Portugal
Cournil 4x4
1979The short-wheelbase UMM Cournil. About twelve were made in 1979 and none was registered that year; four or five are known to survive in Portugal.
União Metalo-Mecânica (UMM), Lisbon, Movauto, Setúbal Portugal
Cournil 4x4
1979The pick-up version of the short Randonneur in UMM’s first Cournil range.
União Metalo-Mecânica (UMM), Lisbon, Movauto, Setúbal Portugal
Cournil 4x4
1978–85The Portuguese Army was among UMM’s first customers: it tested a Cournil in 1977, ordered a first batch of 245 by public tender in 1978 and received the first two military prototypes in February 1979.
União Metalo-Mecânica (UMM), Lisbon, Movauto, Setúbal Portugal
Cournil 4x4
1978Twenty of the Portuguese Army’s first 245 UMM Cournils of 1978 were built to carry a 106 mm recoilless rifle.
União Metalo-Mecânica (UMM), Lisbon, Movauto, Setúbal Portugal
Cournil 4x4
1978–85The Guarda Nacional Republicana tested a Cournil in 1978 with satisfactory results and bought a large number; the Guarda Fiscal followed.
União Metalo-Mecânica (UMM), Lisbon, Movauto, Setúbal Portugal
Cournil 4x4
1986The Dutch Army received the first of a total of 44 UMM Entrepreneurs in April 1986.
União Metalo-Mecânica (UMM), Lisbon, Movauto, Setúbal Portugal
Cournil 4x4
1982–85UMM’s Paris–Dakar entries, led by José Megre. Three started the 1982 rally and three finished; four started and four finished in 1983; five started and five finished in 1984, three of them disqualified for exceeding…
União Metalo-Mecânica (UMM), Lisbon, Movauto, Setúbal Portugal
Alter
1987–96The Alter II with Peugeot’s XD3TE 2.5-litre turbo-intercooled diesel of 110 PS, shown at the Paris Motor Show in 1986 and built from 1987 with a five-speed gearbox, ventilated front discs, longer axle ratios (4.88 in…
União Metalo-Mecânica (UMM), Lisbon, Movauto, Setúbal Portugal
Alter
1993–94A 1993 version of the Alter II Turbo with alpine windows in the roof, like those of the Land Rover Defender.
União Metalo-Mecânica (UMM), Lisbon, Movauto, Setúbal Portugal
Alter
1989–94The 1989 competition version for the Bajas: an Alter II Turbo D of 110 PS with different suspension, the naturally aspirated car’s 5.38 axle ratio, roll bars, bucket seats, two fuel tanks, two spare wheels, a canvas…
União Metalo-Mecânica (UMM), Lisbon, Movauto, Setúbal Portugal
Alter
1987–91Three Alters sent to France in 1987 to be prepared for competition in Jean-Louis Raimondi’s workshop, where they received the 3.0-litre PRV V6 of 220 PS.
União Metalo-Mecânica (UMM), Lisbon, Movauto, Setúbal Portugal
Alter
1990A more luxurious Alter shown at the Porto motor show in 1990, with leather upholstery, alloy wheels, metallic paint and ebony inserts.
União Metalo-Mecânica (UMM), Lisbon, Movauto, Setúbal Portugal
Alter
1992A 1992 Alter distinguished by dark grey metallic paint, a white canvas top, its own decoration on the bonnet and sides, and a CD radio. Only a few were built.
União Metalo-Mecânica (UMM), Lisbon, Movauto, Setúbal Portugal
Alter
1991The specially adapted Alter that carried Pope John Paul II on his visit to Funchal on 12 May 1991: a five-door long-wheelbase chassis with a 40 mm armoured glass box on the back holding a chair for the Pope.
União Metalo-Mecânica (UMM), Lisbon, Movauto, Setúbal Portugal
Alter
1986–96A slightly modified Alter built by the French coachbuilder Heuliez under a production agreement with UMM and offered to the French armed forces. The Army kept buying the Peugeot P4, but the Gendarmerie bought a batch…
Heuliez, Cerizay Portugal, France
Alter
1990–96UMM entered service with the Angolan Army in 1990, which used it in large numbers in the civil war.
União Metalo-Mecânica (UMM), Lisbon, Movauto, Setúbal Portugal
Alter
1986–96The Alter II in Portuguese military service, listed by UMM as the Alter Militar TD. The Army took UMMs abroad for the first time with the ONUMOZ peacekeeping mission in Mozambique in 1993.
União Metalo-Mecânica (UMM), Lisbon, Movauto, Setúbal Portugal
Alter
1986–96Alter IIs built for Portuguese fire brigades (bombeiros) as fire tenders and ambulances — the Alter Bombeiros TD and Alter II Ambulância in UMM’s list.
União Metalo-Mecânica (UMM), Lisbon, Movauto, Setúbal Portugal
Alter
1988Three UMM Alters that drove from Macau to Lisbon in 1988, 22,000 km in 46 days.
União Metalo-Mecânica (UMM), Lisbon, Movauto, Setúbal Portugal
Carden-Loyd
1928–35The Mark VI built to carry the 3-inch mortar and its crew: 18 were made for the British Army.
Vickers-Armstrongs United Kingdom
Carden-Loyd
1928–35A heavy-duty version of the Mark VI for towing light guns and their ammunition.
Vickers-Armstrongs United Kingdom
Carden-Loyd
1929–30Italy's licence-built Carden-Loyd Mark VI, the Carro Veloce 29: four were bought from Britain in 1929 and twenty-one built in Italy by Fiat and Ansaldo in 1929–30, with wider tracks and an Italian machine gun.
Fiat, Turin, Ansaldo, Genoa Italy
Carden-Loyd
1931–33The Soviet licence version of the Carden-Loyd Mark VI, bought under licence from Britain in 1930: 2,540 built between 1931 and 1933 by the Bolshevik Factory in Leningrad and GAZ at Nizhny Novgorod.
Gorky Automobile Plant (GAZ) Russia
Carden-Loyd
1930–34Czechoslovakia's development of the Carden-Loyd Mark VI: the army bought three Carden-Loyds and a production licence in 1930, ČKD built four copies as prototypes that year, and 70 production vehicles were ordered on…
Českomoravská Kolben-Daněk (ČKD), Prague Czech Republic
Dragon tractors
1934–35The last Light Dragon, on the running gear of the Vickers-Armstrongs VA D50 of 1934: 69 were bought by the War Office.
Vickers-Armstrongs United Kingdom
Bren and Scout carriers
1936The first carrier in British service: fourteen built in mild steel from the Vickers-Armstrongs VA D50 design and in service from 1936.
Vickers-Armstrongs United Kingdom
Bren and Scout carriers
1937The 1937 production machine-gun carrier, with its Vickers machine gun in an armoured housing.
Vickers-Armstrongs, Thornycroft, Basingstoke United Kingdom
Bren and Scout carriers
1938–40The carrier that gave the whole family its popular name: three crew, armour on the front and left-hand side only, and a Bren light machine gun or Boys anti-tank rifle.
Vickers-Armstrongs, Thornycroft, Basingstoke United Kingdom
Bren and Scout carriers
1938–40The reconnaissance carrier of the mechanised cavalry: armour on the front and right-hand side only and a No. 11 wireless set.
Vickers-Armstrongs, Thornycroft, Basingstoke United Kingdom
Bren and Scout carriers
1938–40A personnel carrier for the mechanised cavalry, with bench seats for six passengers; 50 were built by Nuffield.
Morris Motors, Cowley United Kingdom
Bren and Scout carriers
1938–40The artillery observation carrier: 95 were built in two marks.
Vickers-Armstrongs, Thornycroft, Basingstoke United Kingdom
Bren and Scout carriers
1941Forty Bren carriers built at the New Zealand Railways workshops at Woburn in the Hutt Valley from early 1941, copied from a stripped British carrier after Dunkirk ended supply from Britain.
New Zealand Railways, Hutt Workshops New Zealand
Bren and Scout carriers
1940–41Australia's first carrier, similar to the British Bren carrier but welded: about 160 were built in Victoria from 1940 before production switched to the LP2.
Victorian Railways, Newport Workshops Australia
Universal Carrier
1940–41The first Universal, of 1940: one hull for all the jobs the earlier carriers had divided between them, with three crew and an 85 hp Ford V8.
Vickers-Armstrongs, Wolseley Motors, Birmingham United Kingdom
Universal Carrier
1940–45The Mark II: a welded, waterproofed hull, new stowage, four crew, a 2-inch or 4-inch smoke mortar beside the gunner and a spare wheel on the front, half a ton heavier than the Mark I.
Vickers-Armstrongs, Wolseley Motors, Birmingham United Kingdom
Universal Carrier
1940–45The last British mark: the Mark II's welded hull with a modified air inlet and engine cover.
Vickers-Armstrongs, Wolseley Motors, Birmingham United Kingdom
Universal Carrier
1940–45The Universal Carrier with the Flame-thrower, Transportable, No. 2: a fixed projector on the front fed from two fuel tanks holding 100 gallons between them. 1,000 were produced.
Vickers-Armstrongs United Kingdom
Universal Carrier
1940–45The Wasp with its flame projector moved to the co-driver's position.
Vickers-Armstrongs United Kingdom
Universal Carrier
1940–45The Canadian Wasp: a single 75-gallon fuel tank on the rear, outside the armour, which left room for a third crew member.
Ford Motor Company, Ford Motor Company of Canada Canada, United States
Universal Carrier
1940–45The Canadian-built Universal Carrier: Ford Motor Company of Canada made almost 29,000 at Windsor, Ontario, second only to British production.
Ford Motor Company, Ford Motor Company of Canada Canada, United States
Universal Carrier
1944–45A lengthened Canadian carrier, 76 cm longer than the Universal with an extra road wheel in the rear bogie, for towing trailers and 6-pounder anti-tank guns: Ford of Canada built a single batch of 5,000 in 1944–45.
Ford Motor Company, Ford Motor Company of Canada Canada, United States
Universal Carrier
1943–45The American-built carrier, developed by Ford from the Universal in 1942 and made at Ford's Somerville plant in Massachusetts from March 1943 under Lend-Lease: longer, with an extra road wheel on the rear bogie and…
Ford Motor Company United States
Universal Carrier
1941–43Australia's welded Universal Carrier: about 4,800 carriers were built between 1941 and 1943 in four states by railway workshops, a gas company, Ford and a state engineering works.
State Engineering, Ford Motor Company Australia, United States
Universal Carrier
1941New Zealand's welded carriers, built by General Motors at Lower Hutt from late 1941 to the Australian LP2 and LP2A design with local changes: about 1,170, though Wikipedia gives about 1,300 New Zealand carriers.
General Motors New Zealand, Lower Hutt New Zealand
Universal Carrier
1941–43A heavily modified, lengthened LP2 with a fully traversing QF 2-pounder on a rear platform and stowage for 112 rounds; 200 were produced and used for training.
State Engineering, Ford Motor Company Australia, United States
Universal Carrier
1941–43The 2-pounder carrier's chassis with a 3-inch mortar on a turntable, fired from the vehicle through 360 degrees or dismounted: 400 were produced and sent to the Nationalist Chinese Army as military aid.
State Engineering, Ford Motor Company Australia, United States
Iltis
1983–86The Canadian Iltis: built under licence by Bombardier at Valcourt, Quebec. Canada ordered 2,500 for the Canadian Forces and Bombardier supplied 2,673 to the Belgian Land Component; Ottawa bought a further 600 under a…
Bombardier, Valcourt, Quebec Canada
Iltis
1980The Audi-prepared Iltis in which Freddy Kottulinsky and Gerd Löffelmann won the 1980 Paris–Dakar Rally.
Audi Sport Germany
Transporter Syncro
1987–92The heavy-duty Syncro: from 1987, 16-inch wheels with reworked chassis and body, larger brakes and a rear differential lock as standard, 246 mm of ground clearance and a tonne of off-road payload. 2,138 were built by…
Magna Steyr (Steyr-Daimler-Puch), Graz Germany, Austria
Transporter Syncro
1985–92The double-cab Syncro pick-up: six seats and a drop-side bed on the four-wheel-drive T3 chassis.
Magna Steyr (Steyr-Daimler-Puch), Graz Germany, Austria
Transporter Syncro
1992–2003The four-wheel-drive T4: the Syncro system carried over to the front-engined Transporter and again fitted at Graz, with a viscous coupling and an optional rear differential lock.
Magna Steyr (Steyr-Daimler-Puch), Graz Germany, Austria
Touareg
2002–08The 4,921 cc V10 Pumpe-Düse turbodiesel, 313 PS and 750 N·m — the engine that towed a Boeing 747 for a publicity stunt and the largest diesel Volkswagen ever put in a car.
Volkswagen Bratislava Slovakia
Touareg
2005–10The 6.0-litre W12 FSI petrol Touareg, the most powerful and rarest version of the first generation.
Volkswagen Bratislava Slovakia
Touareg
2003–11Volkswagen’s Dakar car: the Race Touareg, which won the rally outright three years running — Giniel de Villiers in 2009, Carlos Sainz in 2010 with a one-two-three, and Nasser Al-Attiyah in 2011.
Volkswagen Motorsport Germany
Amarok
2016The 3.0-litre V6 TDI Amarok of 2016, up to 200 kW — and in Australia the only version with a true low-range transfer case.
Volkswagen, General Pacheco Argentina
Amarok
2013–20The first generation’s special editions: the orange-accented Canyon and the blacked-out Dark Label, alongside the Sochi Special Edition and the Polar Expedition.
Volkswagen, General Pacheco Argentina
Amarok
2022The second generation’s off-road and on-road flagships: the PanAmericana with off-road styling and the Aventura for the road, alongside the Life and Style trims.
Ford, Silverton, Pretoria South Africa
Taro
1989–97The joint venture behind the Taro: a fifth-generation Toyota Hilux engineered entirely by Toyota and sold with a Volkswagen badge, at Hannover for the two-wheel-drive cabs and at Tahara for every 4×4.
Toyota Motor Corporation Japan
Wartime
1940–41The Schwimmwagen prototype: a longer-wheelbase amphibian on Type 86 mechanicals, from which the production Type 166 was shortened and lightened.
Porsche, Stuttgart Germany
L3314 Laplander and C202
1961–90The Swedish Army’s Laplander: the soft-top L3314SU adopted in 1959 as the Personlastterrängbil 903, the light terrain vehicle of the conscript army until the 1990s, with the L3315 radio car alongside.
Volvo (Lundby, Gothenburg) Sweden
L3314 Laplander and C202
1963–90Norway’s Laplander: about 2,000 L3314N assembled at Raufoss with a 24-volt NATO electrical system for the Norwegian Army from 1963, and about 200 desert-adapted L3314N Öken for Saudi Arabia.
Volvo (Lundby, Gothenburg), Raufoss Ammunisjonsfabrikker Norway, Sweden
L3314 Laplander and C202
1977–81The civilian Laplander of 1977–81: the C202 hard top with the 2.0-litre B20 (82 hp), built entirely at the Csepel works in Hungary under a Volvo–Hungary trade agreement, 3,322 sold to Swedish and European utilities…
Volvo (Lundby, Gothenburg), Csepel Car Factory, Budapest Hungary, Sweden
C303, C304 and C306
1974–2000The Swedish Army’s C303: the Terrängbil 11 soft top and hard top from 1974 as personnel carrier, radio and command vehicle, about three-quarters of C303 production, retired around 2000 and sold to civilians.
Volvo (Lundby, Gothenburg) Sweden
C303, C304 and C306
1975–90The C303 in Malaysia: bought by the Malaysian Army in the 1970s–80s as a jungle light vehicle and by Telekom Malaysia for line work, one of the type’s few export fleets.
Volvo (Lundby, Gothenburg) Sweden
C303, C304 and C306
1983The rally C303: a Volvo C303 won the class for trucks under ten tonnes in the 1983 Paris–Dakar, the Laplander line’s competition result.
Volvo (Lundby, Gothenburg) Sweden
C303, C304 and C306
1975–2000The Swedish Army’s field ambulance of 1975–2000: the C306 Tgb 20 with a box body for four stretchers on the long 6x6 chassis, also the base of radio and workshop versions.
Volvo (Lundby, Gothenburg) Sweden
Scout car
1939The 64 pre-production M3s that came before the M3A1.
White Motor Company, Cleveland United States
Scout car
1941–45Of 11,401 M3A1s allocated to Lend-Lease, 6,987 went to the British Commonwealth, 3,310 to the Soviet Union and 104 to the Chinese Nationalist Army.
White Motor Company, Cleveland United States
Half-tracks
1943–44Four .50-calibre M2 Brownings in an M45 Quadmount on an M3 half-track chassis: 2,700 built by White between May 1943 and March 1944, with 568 M13s and 109 T10s converted, 3,550 in all.
White Motor Company, Cleveland United States
Half-tracks
1942–43Two .50-calibre M2 Brownings on the half-track chassis: 1,103 built by White in 1942–43.
White Motor Company, Cleveland United States
666
1941–45White built 1,152 of the 3,075 six-ton bridge erectors; Brockway built 1,166, Ward LaFrance 589 and FWD 168.
White Motor Company, Cleveland United States
666
1941–45All 1,870 six-ton communication vans were built by White, as were all 112 tractor trucks and all 25 gasoline tankers.
White Motor Company, Cleveland United States
AR series
1959–74The 1959 model year of the series, numbered as Zastava numbered them: by the year production of that version began.
Zastava, Kragujevac Serbia
AR series
1955–95The JNA's standard light truck: 9,089 vehicles, in service into the 1990s.
Zastava, Kragujevac Serbia
AR series
1960–90Zastava Campagnolas in Yugoslav police service alongside the army's.
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