Marques
The marques of each brand in the registry: the generations a brand built, with their history, production figures, base models and every catalogued vehicle.
Land Rover built its utility vehicle in a series of marques between 1948 and 2016: the leaf-sprung Series I, II, IIA and III, the Forward Control trucks and the 101, the coil-sprung Ninety, One Ten and Defender, and the Australian-built Perentie. Each page gives the marque’s history, production figures, base models, the expeditions it was driven on, the services it worked for, and every registry record.
LAND ROVER MARQUES →One machine, built for twenty-four years: the Snow Trac, over 2,300 of them, on a Volkswagen flat four and two rubber tracks.
AKTIV MARQUES →Alvis of Coventry put four very different vehicles on one six-wheel-drive chassis — the Saracen personnel carrier, the 1,177 gun-armed Saladin armoured cars, the Salamander airfield crash tender and the amphibious Stalwart — and then, from 1973, built the tracked CVR(T) family, about 3,000 of them, which still serves in more than twenty countries. It is one of the few makers with major wheeled and tracked lines, and it later absorbed Land Rover's military arm and bought Hägglunds.
ALVIS MARQUES →AM General, spun out of Kaiser Jeep’s General Products Division by American Motors in 1971, built the M151 jeep (listed under Jeep), the M939 five-ton trucks of 1982–87, the HMMWV since 1984 (about 281,000), the civilian Hummer and H1 of 1992–2006 (11,818), the Hummer H2 for General Motors in 2002–09, and Oshkosh’s JLTV A2 since 2023.
AM GENERAL MARQUES →ARO built four-wheel drives at Câmpulung Muscel from 1957 to 2003: the licensed GAZ-69 as the IMS-57, M59 and M461 — 80,233 of the last, nearly half of them exported — then its own 24 Series from 1969 and the Dacia-based 10 Series from 1980, sold in Britain as the Dacia Duster. About 380,000 vehicles in all, and licence assembly in Portugal, Spain, Italy and Brazil.
ARO MARQUES →Renault Trucks Defense bought ACMAT in 2006 and Panhard in 2012, and the three were renamed Arquus on 24 May 2018. The range runs from ACMAT's unarmoured VLRA through the Sherpa Light and the Bastion to Panhard's tiny amphibious VBL and the VAB, of which around 5,000 were built.
ARQUUS MARQUES →Austin built two four-wheel drives: the Champ of 1951–56, the Army’s Rolls-Royce-engined jeep with independent torsion-bar suspension that cost twice a Land Rover and was dropped for it, and the Gipsy of 1958–68, BMC’s steel-bodied rival with Moulton’s Flexitor rubber springs, about 21,208 built and ended by the merger that put it under the same roof as the Land Rover.
AUSTIN MARQUES →BMC of İzmir — founded in 1964 as a British Motor Corporation licensee, and not the British company — is now one of the larger makers of mine-resistant vehicles. The Kirpi has over 2,000 in Turkish service and has gone to Pakistan, Tunisia, Libya and Ukraine; the lighter Amazon and the Vuran infantry mobility vehicle followed, alongside a range of tactical trucks.
BMC MARQUES →Borgward's four-wheel drives are two: the wartime B 3000 A, the all-wheel version of the standard three-tonne truck, and the B 2000 A/O, the Bundeswehr's first light 4×4 — about 6,400 between 1955 and 1961, and 168 more from Büssing after Borgward had gone.
BORGWARD MARQUES →Bowler built Land Rover-based rally raid cars at Belper in Derbyshire from 1985 to 2024: the Tomcat on a fabricated chassis with Land Rover running gear, the spaceframe Wildcat that took a factory team to the Dakar from 2000, the independently sprung Nemesis and EXR on Range Rover Sport components, and the Bulldog on Bowler's own Cross Sector Platform. With Land Rover it also prepared the Defender 90s of two one-make rally series.
BOWLER MARQUES →Chevrolet’s four-wheel drives began with the NAPCO Powr-Pak of 1955–59 and the factory K10 and K20 of 1960, and run through the K5 Blazer of 1969–91 (90,987 in 1979 alone), the square-body and GMT400 K-series, the Suburban and Tahoe, the Silverado since 1999 with the Z71, Trail Boss and ZR2, the compact LUV, S-10 and Tracker and the Colorado ZR2. Two-wheel-drive trucks and the crossovers are outside the registry.
CHEVROLET MARQUES →Citroën’s four-wheel drives are mostly half-tracks: Adolphe Kégresse’s rubber-tracked bogie under Citroën cars and light lorries from 1921 to 1937, 5,795 built, then 3,276 P107s by Unic to 1940 — the vehicles of the Sahara crossing, the Croisière Noire and the Croisière Jaune and the French Army’s light artillery tractors. After them come the twin-engined 2CV Sahara (694, 1960–67), the Méhari 4x4 (1,213, 1979–83), the Type 46 FOM lorry for forces overseas, the ZX Rallye Raid and Dangel’s four-wheel-drive C15, Berlingo, Jumpy and Jumper.
CITROËN MARQUES →Cournil’s four-wheel drives were built in France from 1960 to about 1988: the Tracteur Cournil JA1 and JA2 at Aurillac, about 1,200 of them in the 1960s, then the Gevarm, SIMI and Auverland versions at Saint-Germain-Laval, 560 of them by SIMI to 1984, mostly for public bodies. The same design was licensed to UMM of Portugal in 1977.
COURNIL MARQUES →Cushman's all-terrain vehicles are the Trackster of 1970–75, a twin-track skid-steer four-seater with a fibreglass hull built at Lincoln, Nebraska, and the four-wheel-drive utility vehicles sold under the name by Textron since 2011.
CUSHMAN MARQUES →Dacia's four-wheel drives are the Pick-Up 4×4 of 1999–2006 and the Duster SUV of 2010 onwards, in three generations built at Mioveni; the larger Bigster added a 4×4 in 2025. The Duster's part-time drive, from Nissan, has a lock mode and a short first gear but no low range. The first Duster was the ARO 10, badged as a Dacia in Britain from 1984 to 1993.
DACIA MARQUES →Daihatsu built ladder-frame four-wheel drives for twenty-eight years: the Taft of 1974–84 (Wildcat, Scat, Toyota Blizzard LD10), the Rugger of 1984–2002 (Fourtrak, Rocky, the Indonesian Taft to 2007, Blizzard LD20, Bertone Freeclimber) and the Rocky F300 of 1989–2002 (Feroza, Sportrak). The Terios and the later Rocky and Taft crossovers have no low range and are outside the registry.
DAIHATSU MARQUES →The Coventry Daimler — not the Stuttgart one — built British wheeled armour for thirty years: the Dingo scout car of 1939–45, 6,626 of them, with a preselector gearbox, a fluid flywheel and, on the first mark, four-wheel steering; the parallel 2-pounder Armoured Car, 2,694; and the Ferret of 1952–71, 4,409 in sixteen sub-models, whose H-drive and independent suspension kept it in service around the world into the 2000s.
DAIMLER MARQUES →Delahaye built one four-wheel drive and it is a cautionary tale: the VLR of 1951–55, France's own answer to the Jeep, with independent suspension, an aluminium body and a light-alloy 1,992 cc four. 9,621 were made, the army ordered slightly more than 4,000, and then found it too complex and too fragile for conscript service and bought the licence-built Jeep instead — from Hotchkiss, which absorbed Delahaye in 1954.
DELAHAYE MARQUES →DKW built one four-wheel drive and it mattered out of all proportion to its numbers: the Munga of 1956–68, 46,750 built at Ingolstadt with a two-stroke three-cylinder engine and eight gears. It beat the Porsche 597 to the Bundeswehr contract, served the Royal Netherlands Army, sold to German farms and foresters, was built in Brazil as the Candango — and Audi drew the Volkswagen Iltis from it, whose drivetrain became the quattro.
DKW MARQUES →Fiat’s four-wheel drives are the Campagnola of 1951–87 — Italy’s jeep, over 41,500 first-generation cars plus 9,089 by Zastava, the Army’s AR51 to AR76 and the Pope’s car of 1981 — and the Panda 4x4 of 1983–2022, the first small transverse-engined production 4x4, built with a Steyr-Puch driveline. The crossovers and the Mitsubishi-built Fullback are outside the brand.
FIAT MARQUES →Ford’s four-wheel drives run from the Marmon-Herrington conversions of 1936–58 and the first factory F-100 4x4 of 1959 through the M151 MUTT it designed for the Army, the Bronco of 1966–96 (about 1.13 million) and its 2021 return, the Bronco II and Ranger, the Explorer, Expedition and Excursion, to the Australian-designed T6 Ranger, Ranger Raptor and Everest built on four continents. 4×4 only: the two-wheel-drive trucks, the Bronco Sport and the unibody Explorer are outside the registry.
FORD MARQUES →The Gorky plant made the Soviet Union’s four-wheel drives before Ulyanovsk did: Grachev’s GAZ-61 staff car of 1938, the GAZ-64 Jeep of 1941 and the GAZ-67 of 1943–53 (92,843), then the GAZ-69 of 1953 — more than 600,000, most of them built at Ulyanovsk, the light vehicle of the Warsaw Pact and the pattern for Romania’s ARO and China’s BJ212 — with the M-72 Pobeda 4x4 and the GAZ-46 amphibian on its drivetrain.
GAZ MARQUES →GKN Sankey's FV432 was the British Army's M113 equivalent — about 3,000 between 1962 and 1971, in service since 1963 and still running as the rebuilt Bulldog. The wheeled Saxon followed from 1976, over 1,200 of them, and the Simba was built for export to the Philippines.
GKN SANKEY MARQUES →Guy Motors of Wolverhampton built the Quad-Ant field artillery tractor from 1938 — the four-wheel-drive design that shared the Royal Artillery's tractor role with the Morris C8 — and on its chassis the Guy Armoured Car, the first British armoured car with an all-welded hull, and the Lizard armoured command vehicle. Before them came the rigid six-wheelers Guy supplied to the War Office and India from 1926, among them the FBAX 3-ton 6×4.
GUY MOTORS MARQUES →Humber’s four-wheel drives cover fifty years of British service: the FWD Heavy Utility “Box” of 1941–45, the only four-wheel-drive passenger car Britain built during the war and part of a 6,500-vehicle series; the Humber Armoured Car, 5,400 of them, developed from the Guy Armoured Car and built by Rootes’ Karrier division; and the FV1600 Pig, about 1,700, rearmoured in the 1970s and serving in Northern Ireland into the early 1990s.
HUMBER MARQUES →International Harvester built the Scout from 1961 to 1980 — 532,674 of the 80, 800 and II at Fort Wayne, with the Traveler, Terra and SSII — and put factory four-wheel drive on its Travelall wagon and light-line pick-ups from 1956 until it closed the light line in 1975. The Scout was the model the Bronco and Blazer were built to answer.
INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER MARQUES →Isuzu’s four-wheel drives are the Trooper and Bighorn of 1981–2002 — sold as the Holden Jackaroo and Monterey, the Opel and Vauxhall Monterey, the Honda Horizon, the Acura SLX and the Chevrolet Trooper — the Faster, Rodeo and D-Max pick-ups with four-wheel drive since 1979, and the MU, Wizard and MU-X wagons. Isuzu’s trucks and buses are outside the registry.
ISUZU MARQUES →Iveco’s four-wheel drives are the Daily 4x4 of 1984 — Europe’s fire, rescue and expedition chassis — the Massif of 2007–11, the last descendant of the Land Rover Series built by Santana at Linares, and the military VM 90 and LMV Lince, the latter bought by a dozen armies including Britain as the Panther.
IVECO MARQUES →The Jeep line runs from the Bantam, Willys and Ford prototypes of 1940 and the standardised Willys MB and Ford GPW of 1941–45 through the civilian CJ of 1945–1986 to the Wrangler since 1986, with the Forward Control trucks of 1957–65, the full-size Wagoneer, Cherokee and Gladiator of 1963–91, the unibody Cherokee XJ and Comanche of 1984–2001 and the Gladiator JT since 2019. Willys-Overland, Kaiser, American Motors, Chrysler and Stellantis built them, all at Toledo, Ohio; Hotchkiss, Mahindra, Mitsubishi, VIASA, Ford do Brasil, Kia and Arab American Vehicles under licence abroad.
JEEP MARQUES →Kamaz's four-wheel and six-wheel drives are the Soviet and Russian army's ordinary trucks: the 4310 of 1981 on the 10.9-litre KamAZ-740 V8, the 43114 that replaced it in 1995, the Mustang family from 2003 and the armoured Typhoons from 2014. The two-axle 4326 also carries the Kamaz-master rally trucks, nineteen times winners of the Dakar truck class.
KAMAZ MARQUES →Krupp built one four-wheel-drive family for the registry’s purposes and it is a 6×4: the Protze light artillery tractor of 1934–41, about 7,000 of them, with a sloping snout and an air-cooled boxer engine — 3.3 litres and 53 hp in the L2H43, the 60 hp M 304 in the L2H143 — in bodies from anti-tank gun tractor and twelve-seat personnel carrier to telephone truck, radio mast carrier and ten armoured Sd.Kfz. 247 command cars.
KRUPP MARQUES →Kurogane built one four-wheel drive and it was first: the Type 95 of 1936–44, Japan's first purpose-designed scout car and five years ahead of the American jeep. About 4,700 were made at Ōmori in Tokyo, on a 2,000 mm wheelbase and 1,100 kg, behind an air-cooled V-twin of 33 PS.
KUROGANE MARQUES →AvtoVAZ’s Niva of 1977 was the world’s first mass-produced unibody off-roader — permanent four-wheel drive, a lockable centre differential and a low range in a small car — and about 650,000 had sold worldwide by 2020. It is still built at Tolyatti as the Niva Legend, alongside the long 2131 and 2329, the Bronto conversions and the Niva Travel that began as the Chevrolet Niva in 2002.
LADA MARQUES →Three prototypes and one production car. The Cheetah of 1977 was a military proposal that ended in a lawsuit and a bankruptcy; the LM002 that followed a decade later put the Countach's V12 in a 2,700 kg four-wheel drive, 301 of them between 1986 and 1993.
LAMBORGHINI MARQUES →About 2,500 half-track haulers from Morris, New York between 1916 and 1952: freight on Canadian power schemes, and snow ploughing from about 1920.
LINN MARQUES →LuAZ of Lutsk built two four-wheel drives. The 967 TPK of 1961–75 is the smallest and strangest Soviet 4×4: amphibious, air-portable, 950 kg, with folding controls so the driver could lie alongside and steer it from the ground while under fire. The 969 Volyn that followed took the same 1,800 mm wheelbase into civilian use and ran from 1966 to 2002 through five names and three engines — 100,000 cars by 1982.
LUAZ MARQUES →Mahindra has built Jeeps in India since 1949 under the Willys licence — the CJ-3B and its MM, Commander and Major descendants — replaced by the Thar in 2010, and has designed its own four-wheel drives since the Scorpio of 2002. The second-generation Thar passed 185,000 by 2024 and the five-door Roxx followed; the American Roxor brought Fiat Chrysler’s trade-dress case in 2018.
MAHINDRA MARQUES →Mercedes-Benz’s two four-wheel-drive lines: the Unimog since 1948 — Boehringer’s and Gaggenau’s tractor-truck that became the 404 S of the French Army and Bundeswehr, the 406 of farms and municipalities, the U 1300 L and the UGN and UHN of today, more than 400,000 in all — and the G-Class built at Graz with Steyr-Daimler-Puch since 1979, from the W460 and the military W461 (Wolf, Puch G, Peugeot P4, the Australian 6x6) to the luxury W463 with its AMG V8s and portal axles and the electric G 580, 500,000 by 2023.
MERCEDES-BENZ MARQUES →Mitsubishi built Willys Jeeps under licence for forty-five years (about 200,000, the JGSDF’s Type 73), then made the Pajero — more than 3.3 million between 1982 and 2021, twelve Dakar wins, sold as the Montero and Shogun and licensed to Hyundai as the Galloper — alongside the Triton and L200 pick-ups since 1981 and the Pajero Sport since 1996. Its crossovers have no low range and are outside the registry.
MITSUBISHI MARQUES →Morris Commercial built the most distinctive shape in British four-wheel-drive history: the beetle-backed C8 “Quad” field artillery tractor, about 10,000 of them between October 1939 and 1945, which towed the 25-pounder through the Western Desert and Normandy. Before it came the six-wheeled CDSW, a 6×4 whose name spells out its own specification, and after it the post-war MRA/1 one-tonner.
MORRIS COMMERCIAL MARQUES →Moskvitch built a four-wheel-drive family saloon forty years before anyone called such a thing a crossover: the 410 of 1957–61 and the 411 estate, the 402/407 car raised on its own 2,370 mm wheelbase with 220 mm of clearance, a two-speed rear gearbox and a 33-degree climb, sold to agricultural repair teams. 9,095 in all.
MOSKVITCH MARQUES →Mowag has built specialised vehicles at Kreuzlingen since 1950: more than 1,600 T1 troop carriers for the Swiss Army, about 750 MR 8 armoured cars for the West German border guard from 1959, the Bucher-Guyer-developed Duro in Swiss service since 1994 and now over 4,000 strong, the Eagle protected patrol vehicle with 3,721 ordered by Germany alone, and the Piranha of 1972 — more than 12,000 built including the licensed LAV, Bison, ASLAV and Stryker.
MOWAG MARQUES →Nissan has built the Patrol since 1951 — through the 60 series, the leaf-sprung 160 and 260, the coil-sprung Y60 and the Y61 that served Australia, the Gulf, Africa and the United Nations until 2024 — alongside the Navara and Hardbody pick-ups since 1986, the Terrano and Pathfinder, and the American Xterra of 1999–2015. The Qashqai, X-Trail, Juke and the crossover Pathfinder have no low range and are outside the registry.
NISSAN MARQUES →Oshkosh has built four-wheel-drive trucks since Old Betsy of 1917 and the Model A of 1918; its registry entries are the Marines’ MTVR 6x6 (11,359 since 1999), the Oshkosh-built FMTV LMTV 4x4 and MTV 6x6 (over 40,500 since 2010), the M-ATV of 2009 (about 10,000) and the JLTV of 2015 (over 20,000), and the Striker crash tenders. The 8x8 and 10x10 trucks and the concrete, refuse and access equipment are outside the registry.
OSHKOSH MARQUES →Peugeot’s four-wheel drives are the P4 — the Mercedes-Benz G built in France for the Army from 1981, 13,500 ordered and about 6,000 assembled by Panhard — and the Dangel conversions the company sold as catalogue models: the 504 pick-up and break from 1980, the 505 break of 1986 and the Partner, Expert and Boxer vans since the 1990s.
PEUGEOT MARQUES →Plasan builds one vehicle of its own and armours a great many of other people's. The SandCat, designed in 2004, is a composite armoured capsule on a stripped Ford Super Duty chassis: four generations, more than fifteen variants, about 700 built and at least seventeen countries. The Yagu of 2018 is the lightest of the family.
PLASAN MARQUES →Dodge built the American army’s ¾-ton trucks — the WC series of 1940–45 and the M37 of 1951–68 — and turned them into the Power Wagon of 1946, the first four-wheel-drive truck a major maker sold to the public. The styled W-series followed from 1957, the Ramcharger in 1974 and the Cummins diesel in 1989; Ram has been its own marque since 2010, with the Power Wagon, Rebel and TRX as its four-wheel-drive flagships.
RAM / DODGE MARQUES →Reynolds Boughton built chassis rather than ranges. The RB44 of 1988–93 was bought to replace the British Army’s Land Rover 101 Forward Control under a £25 million contract for 846 vehicles, and became one of the best-documented procurement failures in British military motoring: withdrawn twice for a braking fault, re-accepted in August 1995 and retired in 2010. The Pegasus 4×4 chassis under Chubb’s Pursuer crash tender of 1975 sold in even smaller numbers.
REYNOLDS BOUGHTON MARQUES →SAMIL — South African Military — trucks are Magirus-Deutz designs built in South Africa under the arms embargo: the two-ton SAMIL 20 and five-ton SAMIL 50 4×4s and the ten-ton SAMIL 100 6×6, built by Truckmakers at Rosslyn, Pretoria, until 1998. The first had air-cooled Deutz diesels, the Mk IIs locally made engines, and most versions could take the Kwêvoël mine-protected cab. The fleet peaked at about 12,000 trucks.
SAMIL MARQUES →SHERP of Kyiv has built amphibious all-terrain vehicles since 2015 that drive and float on enormous self-inflating tyres, inflated or deflated in under thirty seconds by exhaust gas. The 1,300 kg ATV carries a tonne behind a 44 hp Kubota turbodiesel; the Pro XT is the larger four-wheeler sold through ARGO of Canada; the N 1200 is insulated for the Arctic; and the ten-wheeled articulated Ark is 9.6 m long and carries 22 people or 7,500 lb.
SHERP MARQUES →Škoda's four-wheel drives are few and mostly very rare: five prototypes of the all-wheel-drive Superb Type 956 in 1942–43, out of some 1,630 military Superbs; fewer than 50 of the 973 Babeta, Škoda's own light off-roader, all for the Czechoslovak army; and the six-wheeled 6ST6-L towing vehicle, which the designation itself shows is a 6×4.
ŠKODA MARQUES →Steyr-Daimler-Puch built two four-wheel drives of its own at Graz before and beside the Mercedes-Benz G it assembled from 1979: Erich Ledwinka’s Haflinger of 1959–74 (16,647), a 635 kg backbone-and-portal-axle car with a 643 cc twin, and the Pinzgauer 4x4 and 6x6 of 1971–2000 (18,349 first-generation), the high-mobility truck of the Austrian, Swiss and British armies, continued in England to 2009.
STEYR-DAIMLER-PUCH MARQUES →Stonefield built forward-control 4x4 and 6x4 trucks with a space-frame chassis, permanent four-wheel drive and automatic gearboxes at Cumnock from 1978, with a Ford V6 (P3000) or a Chrysler V8 (P5000). The Scottish Development Agency owned the company from 1978; Gomba Holdings bought it in 1981 and moved production to Kent in 1983.
STONEFIELD MARQUES →Supacat's two families bracket the extremes of military wheeled mobility: the ATMP, a 2,000 kg amphibious 6×6 small enough to fly underneath a helicopter, and the High Mobility Transporter, which Britain bought as the Jackal and the Coyote — 575 vehicles between 2007 and 2010.
SUPACAT MARQUES →Suzuki has built the small four-wheel drive since 1970: the LJ series from the HopeStar design, the SJ and Samurai of 1981–98 with licence production at Santana in Spain and as the Maruti Gypsy in India until 2019, the Jimny since 1998 (the 2018 JB64/JB74 and the 2023 five-door), and the ladder-framed Escudo, Vitara and Grand Vitara to 2017. The current Vitara and S-Cross crossovers have no low range and are outside the registry.
SUZUKI MARQUES →Toyota’s four-wheel drives descend from the 1951 Jeep BJ, built for the National Police Reserve and renamed Land Cruiser in June 1954: the 20 Series of 1955 that opened Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela, Brazil and Australia to Toyota, the 40 Series of 1960–84 that made the name, the station-wagon 55, 60, 80, 100 and 200 Series, the 70 Series in production since 1984, the Prado, and the Hilux, 4Runner and FJ Cruiser lines. More than ten million Land Cruisers had been built by August 2019.
TOYOTA MARQUES →Four independently mounted sets of tracks, one at each corner, each on its own pontoon and each steering: the layout Tucker standardised by the late 1940s and still builds to. Sno-Cats crossed Antarctica with Vivian Fuchs in 1955–58, the first land vehicles to reach the South Pole.
TUCKER SNO-CAT MARQUES →The Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant built the GAZ-69 from 1954 and its own four-wheel drives from 1958: the cab-over 450 and 452 Bukhanka, the 469 of 1971 and its 3151 and Hunter descendants (1.65–2 million), the Simbir of 1997 and the Patriot, Pickup and Cargo since 2005 — the light vehicles of the Soviet and Russian armies, ambulance services, farms and police, exported to more than 80 countries.
UAZ MARQUES →UMM’s four-wheel drives were built in Portugal from 1979 to 2004 under the 1977 licence for Cournil’s design: the UMM 4x4 Cournil and Entrepreneur to 1985, the Alter from 1985, the Alter II from 1986 and the Alter 2000 from 1998. 12,166 were sold between 1979 and 1989, 7,778 of them in Portugal.
UMM MARQUES →Vickers-Armstrongs' tracked carriers, 1928–60: the Carden-Loyd Mark VI tankette, bought with Carden-Loyd Tractors in 1928 and licensed to Italy, the Soviet Union and Czechoslovakia; the Light Dragon artillery tractors; and the carriers developed from its VA D50 of 1934 — the machine-gun, Bren and Scout carriers and the Universal Carrier of 1940, about 113,000 of all types built in Britain, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and the United States, the most-produced armoured fighting vehicle in history. Vickers tanks are outside the registry.
VICKERS-ARMSTRONGS MARQUES →Volkswagen’s four-wheel drives begin with the wartime amphibian: 15,584 Type 166 Schwimmwagen, the most-produced amphibious car there has been, and the four-wheel-drive Type 87 saloon beside it. After the war they came from around the group — Audi drew the Iltis, whose drivetrain became the quattro and which won the 1980 Paris–Dakar; Steyr-Daimler-Puch at Graz converted 45,478 Transporters to Syncro; Toyota built the Taro; Bratislava builds the Touareg, three times a Dakar winner; and the Amarok has sold 830,000 in its first generation.
VOLKSWAGEN MARQUES →Volvo built four-wheel drives for the Swedish Army for thirty years: the TP21 Sugga radio car of 1953–58, the portal-axle L3314 Laplander of 1961–70 (7,737, with Norwegian and Hungarian-built versions) and the C303, C304 and C306 of 1974–84 (about 8,718, two of them six-wheelers), a C303 winning the 1983 Paris–Dakar’s light-truck class. Its AWD cars and XC crossovers are outside the registry.
VOLVO MARQUES →White's four-wheel drives are wartime and American: 20,918 M3A1 Scout Cars between 1939 and 1944, the M2 and M3 half-tracks and the M13 and M16 gun carriages built on them, and the six-ton 6×6 model 666. White was the largest of the four American half-track makers, alongside Autocar, Diamond T and International Harvester.
WHITE MARQUES →Zastava of Kragujevac built four-wheel drives under two licences: Willys from 1953, then the Fiat Campagnola from 1955 as the AR series, numbered by the year each version entered production. 17 AR-51s reached the Yugoslav People's Army by the end of 1954 and 9,089 AR-55s followed to 1974 — the army's standard light truck, nicknamed the Aerka, in service into the 1990s.
ZASTAVA MARQUES →